Components of a Computer

System
 Activity 1
• Take a sheet of paper and pen.

• You will be given 60 sec.

• Identify the things happening around you

and express them on a paper.

• You can write text, draw shapes, use

colours etc.
• Name the parts of your body that you used
to complete this activity?

• Identify which among them were used for

input?

• Identify which among them were used for

output?
 Activity 2
Look at the picture below. Identify the input,
output and memory devices of it.
Devices
Input
Output
Memory
Look at the picture below. Identify the input,
output and memory devices of it.
Devices
Input Touch screen, Camera, mice
Output LED Display , Speaker
Memory RAM, Internal memory, SSD
What is a computer ?
• A computer is a device that stores
and processes information
according to a set of instructions.
An Information Processing System
 What is a hardware?
• Hardware is the physical
parts of the computer
system – the parts that
you can touch and see.

A motherboard, a CPU, a
keyboard and a monitor
are all items of hardware
 What is a software?
• Software is a collection of instructions that
can be ‘run’ on a computer. These instructions
tell the computer what to do.
 Input Devices
• An input device is a piece of hardware that
is used to enter data into a computer.

Two main types

• Manual Input Device
• Automatic Input Device
 Manual Input Device
1. Keyboard
2. Pointing devices (including mouse, touch pad
and tracker ball)
3. Joystick
4. Touch screen
5. Scanner
6. Digital camera
7. Graphics tablet
8. Microphone
 Manual Input Device

Touchpad / Track pad Trackball / Tracker Ball

Graphics tablet

Touch screen
 Manual Input Device
Light pen

Microphone

Scanner

Joystick
 Automatic Input Device
1. MICR
2. OMR
3. OCR
4. Barcode readers
5. Magnetic stripe readers
6. Sensors
7. RFID
8. Biometric devices
Automatic Input Device

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)

 Automatic Input Device
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Barcode reader
 Automatic Input Device –
Remote control
They send data signals each
time a button is pressed using
infrared light or radio
signals.

The signals can control a

computer (or a system that
contains a small computer
such as a DVD player) from
some distance.
 Automatic Input Device –
Biometric devices
Finger print and retinal
identification are being used in
many places now and even
facial recognition systems are
starting to be introduced.
Special devices are needed to capture the biometric data
which is then passed onto the computer for processing
and identification.
Biometric authentification methods can be used to identify
you at ATMs to withdraw cash, in computer networks to
allow you to log on and many schools are now introducing
'fingerprint registration'!
 Automatic Input Device - Sensors
A normal PC has no way of knowing what is happening
in the real world around it. It doesn’t know if it is light or
dark, hot or cold, quiet or noisy. How do we know what is
happening around us? We use our eyes, our ears, our
mouth, our nose and our skin - our senses.

A normal PC has no senses, but we can give it some:

We can connect sensors to it...

A sensor is a device that converts a real-world

property (e.g. temperature) into data that a computer
can process.
 What are the sensors we have
seen in our daily life?
Lift
Mercury Thermometer

Digital Thermometer

Sensor Taps
 Different Sensors

Touch Sensor
 Smart Technologies
1. Touch Screen

2. Speech recognition
 Smart Technologies
3. Gesture Control

4. Motion Control
 Smart Technologies
5. Digital Tattoos

6. Wearable sensors
 Smart Technologies
7. Eye Tracking
8. EEG Headset – picks
up specific electrical
signals from brain.
https://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/gcse_ict_quizzes.htm
OUTPUT DEVICES
 Output Devices
• Devices that display data are known as
output devices.
 Output Device
1. Audio / Visual
2. Printers/ Plotters
 Audio / Visual

CRT Monitor Flat-Screen Monitor

(Cathode Ray Tube) (TFT or LCD)

Loudspeaker

Digital / Multimedia Projector

Printing / Plotting
 Printer
Dot Matrix Printer
The pins actually hit the
paper, several ‘carbon-
copies’ can be printed in
one go.
An example of this is
airline tickets which have
several duplicate pages,
all printed in one go
 Printer
Inkjet Printer Laser Printer
Plotter
 Commonly used output devices
Photocopier
I-Pod

Hand held
printer

Head phones with Microphone

cyber mind : New display device. Other Output Devices

Robot Chassis

Robot Chassis
Simulator
CT Scanner
https://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/gcse_ict_quizzes.htm
STORAGE DEVICES
OS
Software
 When You open any software it first goes
inside the RAM (Temporary Memory)

Want to Save

ROM RAM
fetches Yes
the
instruction
that the
system is Hard Disk
ON consists of
OS Operating
System,
Different
Software Softwares
and
Programs
ROM Hard which you
have
Disk saved.
 What is Storage device?
• An electronic device which helps us to
store and retrieve data is called as
‘Storage Devices’.

• Ex: Memory
 ROM & RAM
The main memory of a computer is made up of
a set of memory chips called
ROM and RAM
~*~
ROM = Read Only Memory
RAM = Random Access Memory
 ROM RAM
The instructions to start Programs and data
the computer are stored on RAM are
stored on this lost when a computer
is switched off-
This sort of memory is
non-volatile memory This memory is volatile
memory
 Storage Devices
Computer memory is measured in Bytes

Bit = either 0 or 1

Byte = 8 bits Gigabyte = 1000 Megabytes

Megabyte = 1000 kilobytes

Kilobyte = 1000 bytes

 The two main types
• Main store ( memory storage in
the computer)

• Backing storage ( storage on

disks tape CD etc)
 Hard disk
• A 'hard' disk was invented because computers
needed a method of storing data even with the
power switched off.
 Magnetic tapes
Often used to make a
copy of hard discs for
back-up reasons.
 Optical media- CD-ROM
• CD-ROM - means
Compact Disc - Read
Only Memory.
• This means you can
only read from the
disc, not write or store
data onto it.
• CD- R - CD drive unit to store programs
and data onto the disc but they can only
be written to once.
• CD- RW - You can read, write and delete
files from the disc many times, just like a
hard disk.
 DVD- Digital Versatile Disc (or)
Digital Video Disc
Storage capacity – 4 to 18 GB
DVD – R and DVD - RW

Movie DVD’ s are

DVD – R, hence
can only be
viewed.
 Other types of magnetic storage
• Zip drives

• Flash drives
 Other types of storage

Digital camera – SD card

Mobile phone – SIM card

https://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/gcse_ict_quizzes.htm
NETWORK DEVICES
 COMPUTER NETWORK

Computer network is a collection of

computers & devices connected together
via communication devices
Communication is a process in which two or
more devices transfers data, instructions &
information
 TYPES OF NETWORK

• LAN (Local Area Network)

• WAN (Wide Area Network)

• WLAN (Wireless LAN)

 LAN

– Contains printers, servers and computers

– Systems are close to each other
– Contained in one office or building
– Organizations often have several LANS
– Systems are connected through Hub/Switch
• Hubs

– Center of a star network

– All nodes receive transmitted packets
– Slow and insecure

• Switches

– Replacement for hubs

– Only intended node receives transmission
– Fast and secure
 WAN

– Two or more LANs connected

– Over a large geographic area
– Typically use public or leased lines
• Phone lines
• Satellite
– The Internet is a WAN
– LANs are connected through Router
• Router

– Connects two or more LANs together

– Connect internal networks to the Internet

Standard Router Wireless Router

 WLAN

− Refers to a wireless network or Wi-Fi that can transfer data at

high speeds without cables
− Data transmitted through the air
− LANs use radio waves
− WANs use microwave signals
− Easy to setup
− Difficult to secure
 Other Wireless Technologies

• Cellular
• Bluetooth or PAN (Personal Area Network)
• 3G/4G (3rd/4th Generation)
• Radio waves off meteor trails!
https://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/gcse_ict_quizzes.htm