Mission 8:

Transport
What is Transport?

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Transport Quiz
Test your memory with the Transport Quiz and see how high your score is!

Transport Quiz (one point for each right answer)

Question Answer Score

What is the word used to describe
material that is transported?

How many years ago was all transport

carried out by human, animal or wind
power?

How fast could a stage coach travel in

1750?

How fast can fighter jets travel today?

Has transport changed a lot over the

last 200 years?

Name 2 different types of engines

that have been invented.
Name 2 precious materials that were
transported using sailing ships.

You could travel from _________ to

_________ by train in 1830.

Name 3 types of vehicle that transport

people nowadays.

Transport uses lots of E________ .

Add up your correct answers and enter your score

Find a picture of an aeroplane in a book or magazine and draw it in the box below.

More people are travelling by air than ever before, making air travel the fastest
growing area in transport!
© Bryson Charitable Group 2006
 Transport and Energy
Transport uses lots of energy.
Energy is the power to do work and
the energy that makes vehicles work
comes from FOSSIL FUELS. Fossil
fuels include coal, oil and gas. Petrol
and diesel are made from oil. One
day, fossil fuels will run out.
Hey Nathan, look at the pie chart.
Wow! Transport is the second
biggest use of energy we have! It
uses the same as industrial,
services and buildings all put
together! Thats our homes, schools,
offices and shops!

Energy Users

11%

Residential

28% 44% Industrial

Transport
Services and
17% Buildings
(Figures from:The Carbon Trust, 2002)

The energy used by transport has nearly doubled since 1970.

There are a number of reasons for this.
Countries are buying more goods More people are travelling abroad
from other countries. These goods for holidays than ever before. This
then have to be transported over, so means there has been a big increase
people can buy them. in air transport.

There has been a huge increase in

the number of cars on our roads.
Most households have two cars.

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

Transport and Energy

(Figures from:The Carbon Trust, 2002)

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Transport and the Environment

Most of us do not know how much energy we are using and how
much pollution we are making when we drive our cars. Yet, the
way we shop, live, work and travel is affecting the health and
future of our planet.

Transport is now using 6.4 million tonnes more oil than it used to.
Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources and will run out. The
faster we use them, the sooner they will be gone.

Transport needs to change; to save energy so that fossil fuels

last as long as possible and to prevent pollution, protecting the
environment.
If we want to keep motoring after the fossil fuels are all gone,
we need to invent vehicles that use different kinds of energy
instead.

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Energy Efficiency and Clean Cars

The word Efficient means that nothing is wasted.

 Efficient cars burn less fuel

 Burning less fuel saves money.

 Burning less fuel saves fossil fuels.

 Efficient cars produce less carbon dioxide, which reduces the risk of
global warming.

There are some cool new cars being developed, cars that are much more
efficient.

Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrids have a normal petrol engine and a battery. Both the engine and the
battery can power the car and the car switches from one to the other.
When the hybrid car is in heavy traffic, where it is stopping and starting,
the car is powered by the battery. This reduces the amount of petrol used,
and cuts down pollution.

Hybrid cars are more expensive, but they are cheaper to run as they do not
need as much fuel.
Below you can see two hybrid cars

Toyota Prius Lexus RX400h

Hybrid cars look exactly

the same as normal cars!

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Energy Efficiency and Clean Cars

Battery/Electric Cars

Battery/electric cars, are vehicles which are only powered by electricity

stored in a battery. They do not use petrol or diesel. The batteries are
recharged by plugging them into the mains electricity. A battery car can
travel up to 50 miles per hour, and they go about 50 miles before they need
recharged. It takes 6 hours to recharge the batteries.

Advantages

 Battery cars do not produce any pollution.

 They are the same price as other small cars, some are even cheaper.

 Battery cars are cheaper to run.

 They only use a quarter of the energy that a normal engine uses, they
are very efficient.

 If renewable energy is use to produce the electricity, it will further

cut down on the carbon dioxide being made.

Disadvantages

 Battery cars cannot travel as far or as fast as other cars.

 There are only 6 recharging points for battery cars in the UK.

 Better batteries need to be developed. They need to be lighter,

cheaper, able to hold more energy and last longer.

G-Wiz Battery Electric

Car!
Perfect for city
motoring. It can be
yours for £7,000!

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Which Clean Car Would You Choose?

When people buy a car they choose one that they like and that will suit their life-
style. Things like where they live, how far they have to travel to work, how many
children they have, how much they care about the environment etc… will help them
decide what car to buy. Imagine you are buying a car and decide between a hybrid
and a battery/electric car. You might want to do a bit of research to find out more
facts and fill in the table.

I don‛t need a car,

I just fly everywhere!

Car Hybrid Battery/Electric

Characteristics

Cost

Looks

Speed

Where you live

town/country

Environmental
benefits

You could use the work you have done for a class debate.
Divide the class in half and each half argue in favour of a different Clean Car.

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Energy Efficiency and Clean Cars

Fuel Cells

Fuel Cells use hydrogen to make electricity. This electricity can then be used
to power an engine. Fuel cells do not cause any pollution.

Advantages
 There is a plentiful supply of hydrogen in the environment.

 Fuel cells do not make any pollution, which means no carbon dioxide.

Disadvantages
 Making the hydrogen fuel is expensive.
 More research and development needs to be done to reduce the cost of
making these new cars and to put all the technology in place.

 Fuel Cell vehicles probably wont be available for everyone to buy until the
year 2020.

The two biggest carmakers in the world are going to work together
to develop fuel cells. This means that hydrogen powered cars will be
available sooner!

In London fuel cell buses Peugeot have launched a quad

are used. that is powered by a fuel cell.

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Alternative Fuels

There are other fuels available now

that can be used instead of petrol or
diesel. There are alternative fossil
fuels and biofuels that are made from
plants.

Alternative Fossil Fuels

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

is a fossil fuel, made from crude Natural Gas vehicles burn methane
oil. Bi-fuel cars can burn petrol and gas. A lot of methane gas is needed to
LPG. When the engine is turned on it provide the energy needed to power the
uses petrol, but once the engine has car. This means that it is only suitable
heated up, the fuel automatically for large vehicles with big fuel tanks
changes to LPG. LPG is up to 25% like trucks and buses. Methane is much
cheaper than petrol or diesel and cleaner and produces a lot less nasty
also releases less carbon dioxide gases, less carbon dioxide and methane
into the air. engines are quieter.

Biofuels

Biodiesel is like ordinary diesel but

is made from oily plants like rapeseed, Alcohol has been used
sunflower and soy beans. It can also as a fuel in Brazil for 20
be made from waste vegetable oil. years. Alcohol is made
Biodiesel is renewable energy and from plant sugar. Again,
will not run out. Biodiesel is carbon this is a renewable fuel
neutral, this means when it is burned which is carbon neutral
the carbon dioxide released is the same and produces less carbon
amount of carbon dioxide that went dioxide than fossil fuels.
into the plants as they grew in the first
place. Biodiesel is more expensive

If all of the suitable land in the UK was

used to grow fuel crops, biodiesel could
supply 10% of our energy needs. If
waste from forestry, agriculture and
household rubbish was used even more
energy could be provided.

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Changing Lifestyles

Today lots of homes have two cars. We have become very

dependent on cars, and often don‛t walk or cycle anywhere,
or use public transport.

Problems caused by car dependency:-

 All the cars cause a lot of pollution, spewing out carbon dioxide and other
harmful gases into the air.

 The more car journeys people make the more fuel and energy they are using.
This is using up fossil fuels and costing the drivers a lot of money!

 Lots of cars on the road make a lot of noise and this is a type of pollution
too.

 Lots of cars on the road at the same time, for example, when everyone is
going to work and bringing their kids to school, results in traffic jams.

 People who spend a lot of time behind the wheel are often stressed out and
do not get enough exercise. These people get sick more often.

Alternative forms of Transport

By using the alternatives above, we can cut down on the amount of fuel used, and
reduce the amount of pollution in our air. Also if you walk or cycle instead of tak-
ing the car, you‛ll be exercising!

During rush hour, 60% of cars have only one person

in them! Pollution could be reduced and fuel/energy
could be saved if people shared cars, and took it in
turns to drive.

If 50 people who normally dirve to work alone, were

all to get the bus or train instead, it would mean
there would be 50 less cars on the road.

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Transport Wordsearch

M S G R C C X E P Z K L L I P L B T L R
N F N L N O I T A L S I G E L I R E E C
C A R B O N M O N O X I D E C O S T F A
E P B K L B O F H D X E C Y P E L C F R
J P O I C K A T Z N J L C S I I O H I B
T G I L O F G L A X E L N D F A W R C O
C N W P L F N V W U E A M E L Q F Y I N
I S E L L U U Y F A R U T L O O E C E D
R H T M I I T E T T R A U B S M L N N I
T A R Y N O A I L K L M W S I R O E T O
C R A I D O C T O U F G I S K A R D H X
E I I G A T R W C N Z L S N R C T N J I
L N N S G H U I M Y F I L X G O E E L D
E G U U R E T H V U O P I H S K P P J E
Q B A N E R Z I E N F R E I G H T E C Y
K Z U M A G L L S T E K H Y B R I D G V
G I K P H W S O C A E R O P L A N E N Y
P H D T X T C D R Y T U M R H Y B E M Q
Y G R E N E S J L R N M I E O Y K R Z Y
N I A R D I C A T B Y V O S T G I T A O

Can you find all of these words

in the grid above.

ACIDRAIN
AEROPLANE
ASTHMA
BICYCLE
BIOFUEL
BUS
CAR
CARBONDIOXIDE
CARBONMONOXIDE
COAL
DEPENDENCY
DIESEL
EFFICIENT
HYBRID
LEGISLATION
LORRY
OIL
SHIP
TRANSPORT

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Keywords and definitions

Acid Rain This is caused when acid gases like carbon

dioxide dissolve in raindrops. Acid rain does
damage to the natural and human environment.

Asthma This is a health problem that can be caused by

poor air quality and results in breathing difficulty
and serious illness.

Biofuels Vegetable oils and alcohol which can be

used as fuels instead of petrol or diesel.

Car Sharing Sharing lifts to different destinations or sharing

vehicles like in a car pool club. This cuts down on
vehicles on the road.

Car Dependency Relying on the car for all transport needs and not
using alternatives like public transport, walking
and cycling.

Carbon dioxide A gas produced by burning fuels and which

causes acid rain and global warming.

Carbon monoxide A gas produced by burning fuels and which is bad

for human health.

Diesel A non renewable fossil fuel made from oil.

Efficient Nothing is wasted.

Electric vehicles Vehicles run by batteries that can be

charged up using mains electricity.

Emissions Mixture of dust and gases which comes out of

the tailpipe of vehicles.

Energy The power that makes things work.

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006

 Keywords and definitions

Fossil Fuels Fuels formed over thousands of years from

the remains of plants and animals; oil, coal, gas
and turf.

Freight Goods which are being transported.

Fuel Cell A fuel cell is like a battery that uses hydrogen as

fuel to make electricity.

Global Warming Global Warming is caused by a build-up of gases,

like carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The heat
of the sun stays at the earth‛s surface instead
of escaping back to outer-space. The Earth
is getting warmer causing polar ice to melt,
rising sea levels and climate change.

Nitrous Oxides Gases containing nitrogen which cause

acid rain and global warming,

Oil A fossil fuel formed over millions of years from

the fossil remains of sea creatures.

Particulate Filter A special filter in a car that takes harmful

gases out of the emissions.

Petrol A non renewable fossil fuel made from oil.

Pollution Harmful substance.

Sulphur dioxide Tailpipe gas which causes acid rain.

Tailpipe The exhaust pipe of vehicle

© Bryson Charitable Group 2006