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Smart Water Distribution and Management System

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT- Scopus Indexed) – Special Issues - ICT 2020

Smart Water Distribution and Management

System
Ganesh C, Rashmi R, Chaithra K P, Charushri M, Sharmila D, Sandhya M
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
New Horizon College of Engineering, Near Marathahalli, Bengaluru
[email protected]

Abstract - Water is one of the most important resources being employed to sense water leakage, overflow and
for all living beings in the earth. In a country like India water levels in a public distribution system. [4-6] deals
with huge population, distribution and management of with a survey on the technology used in sensor based
water is found to be uneven. The ever increasing water quality monitoring system and but does not
demand for water emphasizes activities related to water describe the effective water distribution management
management, ensuring the rational development and system. Role of IoT [7] in smart cities is investigated to
utilization of water resources. It also requires the determine the focal points and essential elements for the
development of necessary devices and networks to successful developments of a smart city. IoT based [8]
optimize the usage of water and ensure safe drinking water quality monitoring system is presented. This
water. An attempt is made in this research work to system also takes care of the measurement of few
rationalize water supply to consumers; understanding physical parameters [9]. Real time flow and pressure
losses, taking corrective decisions and also to build a measurement [10] are used for state estimation in a
clear, accountable and efficient water supply system. A water distribution network. A system which can
simple set-up is established with four users, one main measure the water level and send the measurement data
distribution tank and arudino controller for by SMS is proposed in [11]. An attempt is being made
demonstration of the management system. in this article to use appropriate sensors for detecting
the leakage, overflow and low water levels. The sensed
Keywords — leakage, level, raindrop, smart, solenoid and measured data are being collected and stored in a
(key words) control centre. Based on the data and need of
consumers over a period of time, distribution of water is
I. INTRODUCTION scheduled for different areas in the distribution system.
Water saving is the one of the main objectives Wastage of water is sensed and avoided with
behind all the development and control. Water scarcity appropriate remedial measures.
happens to be one of the current issues in the world.
Earth is full of water. However, 97% of available water II. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED WORK
is in sea which is salty and hence cannot be used as it is. The primary objective of this research work is to
2% of water is in glacier which is in ice form. Hence, supply water to the consumers based on the requirement
only 1% of water is available as groundwater and and manage water distribution in an efficient manner.
surface water for human survival. According to a The proposed system detects the leakage in the water
professional survey conducted recently, it is observed distribution system at the earliest. It makes use of water
that almost 1.3 billion litres of water per day is needed flow sensors to detect the leakage. This information
in India. However, only 900 million litres of water are obtained is recorded in the database enabling the
supplied to the citizen. Old and poorly constructed authorized user to access the information easily. This
pipelines, inadequate corrosion protection, unauthorized information can be used at the time of report
water connections and poor maintenance are some of generation. A solenoid valve is provided in the system
the factors contributing to wastage such as leakage and in order to cut down the water supply by closing the
over flow. If it is possible to save this wastage of water, valve in case of heavy leakage, thereby saving the
then required quantity of water can be supplied. water. Hence, maintenance of the water distribution
In a city or colony or town, water is being sent to a system is made easy for the authority.
main distribution system and process of water The main objectives of the project are listed as:
distribution to the users takes place from the system. In  To implement this system in smart cities for
the existing system [1]-[2], distribution of water is managing and distributing water in an
based on the bill payment but not on the need of the effective way.
consumers and history of pattern of consumption of the  To detect leakage in water distribution system
consumers. Further, advanced technology [3] is not at the earliest by using the raindrop sensors.

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT- Scopus Indexed) – Special Issues - ICT 2020

 To notify the authorized persons about the Arduino board. As soon as a water droplet falls on a
leakage in the system. leakage sensor (which is raindrop sensor), the track of
 To provide easy maintenance of the water the brick inside the sensor gets shorted. Larger the
distribution system for the authority. amount of liquid falling on the sensor, more the output
voltage will be. This signal is used by the Arduino to
III. SMART WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM energize a solenoid valve. The valve is such that when
Block diagram of the proposed smart water energized, the plunger opens and allows the water flow
distribution and management system is shown in Fig. 1. through the cavity port.
The Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller is the main When the output of water level sensor 1 is high, the
platform which is used in order to accomplish all the tank is 100% full and all four valves are opened and
desired control actions since it has more memory space water is distributed to all the four end users shown in
and I/O pins compared to other boards available in the Fig. 1. When the output of water level sensor 2 is high,
market. The electronic circuitry necessary to implement the tank is 50% full and the first two valves are opened.
the project is connected to the Arduino, which senses Water is distributed to end users 1 & 2. When the
the signals from the sensors and activates control output of water level sensor 3 is high, the tank is 25%
signals to the valves, IoT platform and motor in order to (water is at low level /Threshold level in the main
achieve the desired control actions. distribution tank) full and all four valves are closed.
Water is distributed to the end users based on the Then, there is no water supply to any of the end users.
availability of water in the MDT (Main Distribution If the tank is 25% full, the water is pumped to the main
Tank). To accomplish this, MDT is divided into three distribution tank from the source by using a
different regions: submersible pump which gets activated after the relay is
 When the tank is full, it is considered as 100%. switched on. The main purpose of using this
 When the tank is half-full, it is considered as submersible pump is that it prevents pump cavitation.
50% and The leakage during the water supply from the main
 When the water level in the tank reaches 25%, distribution tank to the end users is rectified by using
it is considered as threshold value. the rain drop sensor. The rain drop sensor is placed near
each of the end user tanks. When there is a water drop
on the sensor, the resistance reduces because water
conducts electricity and presence of water connects
Nickel lines. Therefore, the resistance is reduced and
hence there is a voltage drop across it. The analog
voltage output and digital switching output are sensed
by the Arduino board. Due to this action, the solenoid
valve near the respective sensor is energized to close
the orifice to stop the water flow. This information is
then updated in the Thingspeak IoT platform through
Wi-Fi module. ESP8266 WI-Fi module is used. It sends
the live data regarding the water leakage to the
Thingspeak IOT platform in which all the data is stored
and can be accessed at any time from any location by
the authority.
The leakage of water flow is specifically
communicated to the authority as follows.
 When there is any leakage detected in the
system, the data is sent to Thingspeak
application by using Wi-Fi module ESP8266.
The data is stored in the application.
 It stores the data and displays the exact time
and exact location of leakage occurrence.
 This data can also be used for future reference
by the authority.
Fig. 1. Block diagram of the proposed system
The entire setup of the smart water distribution is
Three water level sensors used to sense the three implemented in the hardware which is shown in Fig. 2.
different water levels in the MDT are placed in three
different heights of the tank to measure the water level
in the tank. They are connected to the analog pins of the

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT- Scopus Indexed) – Special Issues - ICT 2020

Fig. 6. Testing - Case 4

Fig. 2. Hardware setup

IV. TESTING METHODS

The following cases describe the various testing
methods used to analyze the proposed system under
different operating conditions.
The testing methodologies used in five different
cases are shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig.
7 respectively. Table 1 gives control actions taking
place in the five different cases.

Fig. 7. Testing - Case 5

TABLE I. TESTING METHODS WITH

CONTROL ACTIONS
Case Case Case 4 Case 5
2 3 (Leak (Leakage
(Wate (Wat age in in valve
Fig. 3. Testing - Case 1 Case
r er valve 1 2 and the
Case/ 1
level level and water
Contr (Wate
is drop the level is
ol r level
above s water below
action is
50% belo level is 50%)
s 100%
and w 100%
)
below 25%)
100%
)
The The The Leaka Leakage
Fig. 4. Testing - Case 2 subm subm subm ge sensor
ersibl ersibl ersibl sensor near user
e e e near it 2 will
Subm motor motor moto will sense the
ersibl in the in the r in sense leakage
e water sourc the the and
moto sourc e will sourc leakag water
r/ e be in e e and flowing
Leak (tank) off tank water through
age will condi gets flow valve 2
Senso be in tion. turne throug stops
r off d on h automati
condit and it valve cally.
ion. will 1 stops
Fig. 5. Testing - Case 3 pum autom
p the aticall

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT- Scopus Indexed) – Special Issues - ICT 2020

Case Case Case 4 Case 5 As an illustration, water leakage happening near end
2 3 (Leak (Leakage user 4 is communicated through this platform as shown
(Wate (Wat age in in valve in Fig. 8. It is evident from Fig.8 that the information of
Case
r er valve 1 2 and the the leakage with respect to the location and time are
Case/ 1
level level and water displayed.
Contr (Wate
is drop the level is
ol r level
above s water below
action is
50% belo level is 50%)
s 100%
and w 100%
)
below 25%)
100%
)
water y.
from
sourc
e to
the
MDT
till
the
water
level
reach Fig. 8. Display on the IoT platform
es
V. CONCLUSIONS
100 In this research work, a major module in Leakage
%. Detection in Water Distribution System is successfully
Solen All Valve All Other Valve 1 implemented; water leaks are detected in different parts
oid the 1 and the three will be of the system by processing the signal from the sensor
Valve valves valve valve valves opened. and hence notifying the leakage in different parts of the
s will 2 will s will will be Other system to the authority through Things Speak IoT
be be be opene three platform to respond to the leakage at the earliest. Exact
opene opene close d. valves location and time of occurrence of the leakage are made
d. d. d. will be available. Water distribution based on the levels in the
Valve closed. MDT and requirement of users is fully automatic.
3 and An attempt has been made for smart water
valve distribution on a prototype basis with only few end
4 will users, sensors and valves. The same idea can be
be extended to many distribution tanks and consumers.
close The proposed system of smart water distribution and
d. management system can be used in smart cities. The
data collected from IoT platform can be used for further
Wate Water Water Wate Water Water analysis like consumption forecasting, etc. This system
r flow flows flows r flows flows can be implemented by using level sensors which
throu only flow throug only would render an accurate water level and it can be
gh all throu does h through operated by using Smart Phones.
the gh n’t valve valve 1.
valves valve take 2, REFERENCES
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