College of Engineering

IE 461: CIM

Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Course: IE 461 1
Contents College of Engineering

• Overview of Production systems

• Components of a Production System

• Types of Production Systems

• Definition of CIM

• Relation of CIM to CAD, CAM and CAD/CAM

• Advantages of CIM

Course: IE 461 2
Production system defined College of Engineering

A collection of people, equipment, and procedures organized to accomplish

the manufacturing operations of a company

Production system consists of two major components:

Facilities – the factory and equipment in the facility and
the way the facility is organized (plant
layout)

Manufacturing support systems – the set of procedures

used by a company to manage
production and to solve technical and
logistics problems
• Ordering materials
• Moving work through the factory
• Ensuring that products meet quality standards

Course: IE 461 3
Production System Facilities College of Engineering

Facilities include the factory, production machines

and tooling, material handling equipment,
inspection equipment, and computer systems
that control the manufacturing operations
• Plant layout – the way the equipment is
physically arranged in the factory
• Manufacturing systems – logical groupings of
equipment and workers in the factory
• Production line
• Stand-alone workstation and worker
The position of the manufacturing system in
the larger production system

Course: IE 461
Manufacturing Systems College of Engineering

Three categories in terms of the human participation in the

processes performed by the manufacturing system:
1. Manual work system - a worker performing one or more tasks
without the aid of powered tools, but sometimes using hand
tools
2. Worker-machine system - a worker operating powered
equipment
3. Automated system - a process performed by a machine
without direct participation of a human

Course: IE 461
Manufacturing Support Systems College of Engineering

Manufacturing support involves a sequence of activities that

consists of four functions:
1. Business functions - sales and marketing, order entry, cost
accounting, customer billing.
2. Product design - research and development, design engineering,
prototype shop.
3. Manufacturing planning - process planning, production planning,
MRP, capacity planning.
4. Manufacturing control - shop floor control, inventory control, quality
control.

Course: IE 461
Sequence of Information-Processing Activities in
a Manufacturing Firm
College of Engineering

Course: IE 461
Automation in Production Systems College of Engineering

Two categories of automation in the production system:

1. Automation of manufacturing systems in the factory.
2. Computerization of the manufacturing support systems.
• The two categories overlap because manufacturing support
systems are connected to the factory manufacturing systems.
• Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM).

Course: IE 461
Computer Integrated Manufacturing College of Engineering

Course: IE 461
Automated Manufacturing Systems College of Engineering

Automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical

product. They perform operations such as processing, assembly, inspection,
and material handling

• Examples:
• Automated machine tools
• Transfer lines
• Automated assembly systems
• Industrial robots that perform processing or assembly operations
• Automated material handling and storage systems to integrate
manufacturing operations
• Automatic inspection systems for quality control

Course: IE 461
Automated Manufacturing Systems College of Engineering

Three basic types:

1. Fixed automation
2. Programmable automation
3. Flexible automation

Course: IE 461
Fixed Automation College of Engineering

A manufacturing system in which the sequence of processing

(or assembly) operations is fixed by the equipment
configuration.
Typical features:
• Suited to high production quantities.
• High initial investment for custom-engineered equipment.
• High production rates.
• Relatively inflexible in accommodating product variety.

Course: IE 461
Programmable Automation College of Engineering

A manufacturing system designed with the capability to change the

sequence of operations to accommodate different product
configurations. For each new batch, the production equipment must
be reprogrammed and changed over to accommodate the new
product style.
Typical features:
• High investment in general purpose equipment.
• Lower production rates than fixed automation.
• Flexibility to deal with variations and changes in product configuration.
• Most suitable for batch production.
• Physical setup and part program must be changed between jobs
(batches).

Course: IE 461
Flexible Automation College of Engineering

An extension of programmable automation in which the system

is capable of changing over from one job to the next with no
lost time between jobs.
In flexible automation, the variety of products is sufficiently
limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be
done very quickly and automatically.
Typical features:
• High investment for custom-engineered system.
• Continuous production of variable mixes of products.
• Medium production rates.
• Flexibility to deal with soft product variety.

Course: IE 461
Product Variety and Production Quantity for Three College of Engineering

Automation Types

Course: IE 461
Computerized Manufacturing Support Systems College of Engineering

Objectives of automating the manufacturing support

systems:
• To reduce the manual and clerical effort in product
design, manufacturing planning and control, and the
business functions.
• Integrates computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-
aided manufacturing (CAM) in CAD/CAM.
• CIM includes CAD/CAM and the business functions of the
firm.

Course: IE 461
Reasons for Automating College of Engineering

1. Increase labor productivity

2. Reduce labor cost
3. Mitigate the effects of labor shortages
4. Reduce or remove routine manual and clerical
tasks
5. Improve worker safety
6. Improve product quality
7. Reduce manufacturing lead time
8. Accomplish what cannot be done manually
9. Avoid the high cost of not automating

Course: IE 461
Manual Labor in Production Systems College of Engineering

Is there a place for manual labor in the modern

production system?
• Answer: YES
• Two aspects:
1. Manual labor in factory operations
2. Labor in manufacturing support systems

Course: IE 461
Manual Labor in Factory Operations College of Engineering

The long term trend is toward greater use of automated

systems to substitute for manual labor.
• When is manual labor justified?
• Some countries have very low labor rates and automation
cannot be justified.
• Task is technologically too difficult to automate, e.g.
composite layups for complex designs
• Short product life cycle.
• Customized product requires human flexibility.
• To cope with ups and downs in demand.
• To reduce the risk of newly launched product failure.
• Lack of capital

Course: IE 461
Manual Labor in Factory Operations College of Engineering

Course: IE 461
Labor in Manufacturing Support Systems College of Engineering

• Product designers who bring creativity to the design task

• Manufacturing engineers who:
• Design the production equipment and tooling.
• And plan the production methods and routings.
• Equipment maintenance
• Programming and computer operation
• Engineering project work
• Plant management

Course: IE 461
What is CIM? College of Engineering

• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to monitor and

control most aspects of manufacturing.
• Computers link design and production operations with purchasing,
inventory, shipping, sales, accounting, and payroll.
• Responsiveness to rapid changes in market demand and product changes.
• Better use of materials, machinery, personnel, reduction in inventory.
• Better control of the total manufacturing operation.
• Manufacturing High-Quality Products at Low Cost.

Course: IE 461 22
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) College of Engineering

• I = Integrated
i. Integration vs. interfacing
ii. Shared information
iii. Shared functionality
• M = Manufacturing
i. Production control
ii. Production scheduling
iii. Process design Source: https://www.gedys-intraware.de/wp-
content/uploads/2020/05/Interface-vs-

iv. Product design Integration_Schaubild_GEDYS-IntraWare.jpg

v. Manufacturing enterprise
Course: IE 461
Relation of CIM to other computer systems College of Engineering

The following terms are used to identify specific elements of a CIM system:

• CAD: Computer Aided Design. Denotes the use of computer systems to support the
product design function

• CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing. Denotes the use of computer systems to

perform functions related to manufacturing engineering activities (process
planning, NC part programming, etc.)

• CAD/CAM is used to indicate the integration of the two into one system

Course: IE 461 24
The Design Process College of Engineering

The general process of design is characterized as an iterative process

consisting of six phases:
1. Recognition of need – identify the need that should be satisfied by a new design

2. Problem definition - specification of the item

3. Synthesis - creation and conceptualization

4. Analysis and optimization - the concept is analyzed and redesigned

5. Evaluation - compare design against original specification

6. Presentation - documenting the design (e.g., drawings)

Course: IE 461 25
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) College of Engineering

• Any design activity that involves the effective use of the computer to
create, modify, analyze, or document an engineering design
• Commonly associated with the use of an interactive computer graphics
system, referred to as a CAD system
• CAD can show what the product will look like, how it will work, and what
materials it will be made of.

Course: IE 461 26
The Design Process Using CAD College of Engineering

Geometric modeling
CAD system develops a mathematical description of
the geometry of an object, called a geometric model
Engineering analysis
Mass properties, interference checking for assemblies,
finite element modeling, kinematic analysis for
mechanisms
Design evaluation and review
Automatic dimensioning, error checking, animation
Automated drafting
Preparation of engineering drawings quickly

Course: IE 461 27
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) College of Engineering

The effective use of computer technology in manufacturing planning and

control
• Most closely associated with functions in manufacturing engineering, such
as process planning and NC part programming
• CAM applications can be divided into two broad categories:
1. Manufacturing planning
2. Manufacturing control

Course: IE 461 28
CAM Applications in Manufacturing Planning College of Engineering

• Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)

• Computer-assisted NC part programming
• Computerized machinability data systems
• Cost estimating
• Production and inventory planning
• Computer-aided assembly line balancing

Course: IE 461 29
CAM Applications in Manufacturing Control College of Engineering

• Process monitoring and control

• Quality control
• Shop floor control
• Inventory control
• Just-in-time production systems

Course: IE 461 30
CAD/CAM College of Engineering

• Concerned with the engineering functions in both design and

manufacturing
• Denotes an integration of design and manufacturing activities by means of
computer systems
• Goal is not only to automate certain phases of design and certain phases of
manufacturing, but also to automate the transition from design to manufacturing

• In the ideal CAD/CAM system, the product design specification residing in the CAD
data base would be automatically converted into the process plan for making the
product

Course: IE 461 31
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) College of Engineering

• Includes all of the engineering functions of CAD/CAM

• Also includes the firm's business functions that are related to
manufacturing
• Ideal CIM system applies computer and communications technology to all
of the operational functions and information processing functions in
manufacturing
• From order receipt,
• Through design and production,
• To product shipment

Course: IE 461 32
The Scope of CAD/CAM and CIM College of Engineering

Course: IE 461 33
Advantages of CIM College of Engineering

• Greater flexibility • Better product design

• Reduced lead times • Greater manufacturing control
• Reduced inventories • Supported integration
• Increased Productivity • Reduced costs
• Improved customer service • Increased utilization
• Improved quality • Reduction of machine tools
• Improved communications • Less floor space
with suppliers

Course: IE 461 34
Focus of the course College of Engineering

• This course focuses on enabling technologies of CIM:

• Automation applications (robots, AS/RS, FMS, etc.)
• Industry 4.0

Course: IE 461 35
Prepare the following sections from the textbook College of Engineering

• 1.1
• 1.2
• 1.3

Course: IE 461 36