XLPE CABLES

AND CABLE SYSTEMS

66-220 KV

MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR

POWER CABLES/ESTRALIN HVC
XLPE рower cables......................................................2

Production technology ..............................................3

Estralin HVC – High Voltage cable production

pioneer in Russia.........................................................4

Products and services ................................................5

Markings .......................................................................6

XLPE cables - kV ...............................................7

Comparative characteristics
Advantages
Design
Technical specification
Electical specification
Formulas
Earthing/cross-bonding cable
Load factor
Short-circuit currents
Cable laying and testing conditions

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 1

XLPE рower cables

Cables 66-220 kV are widely used for electric XLPE cables transfer capability is substantially
energy transmission and distribution especially in higher than paper or oil-filled insulated cables.
large cities and at production plants, where electric According to international standards, XLPE
energy consumption and load density levels are cables are designed for continuous service with
particularly high. Although basic requirements conductor temperature of °С and it is still
of cables (i.e. reliability, functionality, low active under emergency conditions even at higher
maintenance costs) are obvious, failing in one of temperatures while oil-filled or paper insulated
these requirements can cause remarkable financial cables can withstand conductor temperature only
losses as well as interruption of the service being up to °С which significantly decreases their
provided. transfer capability.

Unlike cables with paper or oil-filled insulation

which have reliability issues as well as high
maintenance needs, medium and high voltage
XLPE power cables provides very long service
life and provide continuous electric power to
consumer during their service life without any
maintenance needs.

Design, modern production technologies

and perfect materials with better electric and
mechanical properties makes XLPE cables service
life longest among other types of cables.

2 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

Production technology

XLPE cables are environmentally safe. Absence cable with a long trouble free operation time,
of liquid inclusions ensures maintaining clean special measures has to be taken by providing high
environment, which permits usage at any quality raw material from a reliable supplier and
environmentally demanding projects and service- treating them in special “clean rooms” in order to
free maintenance of cable lines. avoid contamination of insulating material.

Due to its single core design, cable laying and High adhesion between semiconducive screens and
installation of accessories, even in the most insulation is a critical point. Applying insulation
extreme conditions, are easier. XLPE cables with and semiconductive screens with triple extrusion
polyethylene sheath can be laid even temperatures technology followed by simultaneous cross linking
as low as - °С. of all three layers ensures high adhesion.

XLPE cable production technology was first Based on obvious advantages of enhanced design
introduced in the 1970s. The cross-links are a space and modern production technology, XLPE cables
lattice constructed using formation of longitudinal proved their universal application in developed
and transversal ties between macromolecules of countries and cause remarkable, continuous
polymer. With its physical and electrical properties, decrease of usage of oil and paper filled insulated
cross-linked polymer suits ideally for insulation of cables day by day.
medium, high and extra-high voltage cables.

During production of XLPE cables, as any inclusions

to the insulation will reduce life expectancy of the
cable, special attention has to be paid regarding the
purity and quality of insulation materials. In order
to reach the ultimate target of producing reliable

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 3

Estralin HVC – High Voltage cable
production pioneer in Russia
The ultimate target of the «Estralin High Voltage Starting from choosing the right cables and
Cables» (Estralin HVC) plant is introduction of accessories according to project and customer
innovative technologies in the field of power cable requirements until commissioning of complete
production. Providing high quality production cable line, Estralin has continuous control over the
and services, we help our customers to increase project in order to guarantee full satisfaction of
their competitiveness as well as reduce the adverse final client.
impact upon environment.
In order to maintain complying to international
Estralin HVC gives utmost importance to quality standards, systematic approach has been
Research & Development of new technologies in introduced at the factory. Environmental aspects
order to provide high quality, competitive final are very important for Estralin HVC and all
product. Using best materials from leading global necessary measures are being taken accordingly.
manufacturers for insulation (peroxide-cross-
linked polyethylenes, triingostable (TSPE) and Estralin HVC’s successes in development,
copolymer (CCPE) polyethylenes), high skilled introduction of quality assurance and
personnel are key for us to perfect production environmental management systems have been
which complies International and Russian recognized by the largest independent European
Standards which put us on par with Western certification Company, TUV CERT: the Plant was
European Manufacturers. awarded certificates of conformity with regulatory
requirements of ISO 9001 : 2008, ISO 14001 : 2004.

4 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

Products and services

Core production of Estralin According to their design, all Our company offers:
HVC is 66-220 kV XLPE cables. cables technological data and
service characteristics comply - medium and high voltage cables
the international standard - technical support at all stages of
requirements:IEC 60840 (66- cooperation.
150 kV cables), and IEC 62067
(220 kV cables), as well as
with the GOST R certification,
including those with regard to
fire safety.

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 5

Markings

Conductor material Without designation Copper conductor

A Aluminum conductor

RM Round conductor

RMS Segmented conductor

Insulation material 2X XLPE insulation

Screen S Сopper wire and copper tape screen

SA Aluminium wire and aluminium tape screen

(F) Watertight screen from swelling tape

which provides longitudinal water sealing

(FL) Watertight screen from swelling tape

which provides radial water sealing and laminated
polymer

Armouring AWA Wires armouring from galvanized steel

Sheath K Lead sheath

Y PVC sheath

2Y XLPE sheath

H Halogen free flame retardant sheath

LWL (following screen designa- Optic fibers in steel tubing inserted into copper
tion)

A XS FL Y-A-LWL x RMS/ 8 / kV
Aluminum conductor
XLPE insulation

Example1: Dual water sealed, flame retardant PVC

outer sheath of category «A»
Integrated optical fiber
Conductor quantity
1
Cable design and markings can be changed when new Longitudinal segmented conductor
decisions are implemented. Screen cross-section
Nominal voltage

6 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Comparative High pressure

XLPE cable
characteristics oil-filled cable

Continuous
permissible 90 85
temperature, °С

Permissible heating
105 90
in emergency, °С

Ultimate permissible
temperature under
250 200
short-circuit current
flow, °С
Density of 1-sec.
short-circuit current,
А/mm²
— copper conductor 144 101
— aluminum 93 67
conductor

Relative permitivity
2,5 3,3
at °С

Dielectric loss ratio,

0,001 0,004
tg at °С

Main advantages of XLPE cables are the following:

- high cable transmission capacity due to - absence of liquids (oils) under pressure, and
increased conductor permissible temperature; consequently, no need for costly refilling
equipment, that means the considerable
- high current of thermal resistance during short- saving in operational costs, simplification of
circuit that is of a special importance when a installation equipment, reducing time and cost
cross-section has been chosen on the basis of of cable laying, as well as installation;
short-circuit nominal current only;
- low weight, smaller diameter and bending radius, - the possibility of fast repair in emergency
which facilitates laying in both cable structures situation;
and underground along complicated routes;
- absence of leakages and, therefore, no risks of
- strong insulation provides enormous advan- environmental pollution in case of damage.
tages at the laying over a sloping, hilly or rough
territory, i.e. along the routes with considerable
level difference due to absence of mass dulling
effect;

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 7

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Design

XLPE insulated 66-220 kV cables consist of a round or segment

copper or aluminum conductor, semiconductive core layer, XLPE
insulation, semiconductive insulation layer, semiconductive tape,
copper wire screen and copper tape screen, semiconductive tape,
outer XLPE-sheath or PVC-compound.

Extruded screen made of semiconductive material, insulation

and semiconductive insulation screen is laid over the conductor.
Insulation thickness depends on conductor diameter.

The metal screen consists of copper wires and a copper tape laid
above them. The screen cross-section is selected from short-circuit
(SC) currents flow condition.

To ensure longitudinal sealing with “F”-index, a layer of

waterproofing material should be used. Upon contact with water,
the layer swells and makes a lateral barrier, thus preventing
spreading of moisture in case of outer sheath failure.

“FL”-index has a sheath made of aluminum polyethylene tape

welded together with XLPE- or PVC-sheath. This design allows to
have an effective diffusion barrier, which prevents penetration of
water vapor, whereas the outer sheath made of black PE serves as
the mechanical protection.

Cables with reinforced XLPE-sheath and longitudinal ribs

designed for sheath damage control, are used during cable laying.

On the Customer request, a 66-220 kV cable may be manufactured

with optical fiber which is used for temperature measurement
through the full length of the cable and for signals transmission.

8 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Design

In addition, to ensure the sealing, lead sheath may be used. When

this occurs, the cable will have the “K”-index. The lead sheath do
not only ensure the sealing but also can replace, partially or in full,
the screen transmitting short-circuit currents.

To ensure the additional mechanical protection the aluminum-

alloy wire armor with “AWA”-index can be used.

Cables with reinforced XLPE-sheath and longitudinal ribs

designed for sheath damage control, are used during cable laying.

On the Customer request, a 66-220 kV cable may be manufactured

with optical fiber which is used for temperature measurement
through the full length of the cable and for signals transmission.

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 9

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 66 kV cable speciication

Conductor cross-
mm2 185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S
Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Insulation thickness mm 11,5 11,0 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover
Cable diameter D mm 63,6 64,9 66,2 67,8 69,4 72,4 75,6 79,5 83,7 89,3 93,2 96,4 102,4

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 4,4 4,6 4,8 5,0 5,2 5,7 6,2 6,9 7,7 8,7 9,5 10,2 11,6
Cu conductor 5,5 6,1 6,6 7,2 7,7 8,8 10,2 11,9 14,0 16,1 18,2 20,2 24,1

Min. bending radius

m 0,954 0,974 0,993 1,017 1,041 1,086 1,134 1,193 1,256 1,340 1,398 1,446 1,536
D

Maximum pulling force

Al S kN 5,55 7,20 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
Cu S 9,25 12,00 15,00 17,5 20,00 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0

DC resistance
Cu conductor Ω/km 0,1640 0,1250 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,0460 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Al conductor 0,0991 0,0754 0,0601 0,0543 0,0470 0,0366 0,0280 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,0090

Inductance between mH/ 0,4627 0,4439 0,4289 0,4209 0,4057 0,39 0,3781 0,363 0,351 0,339 0,334 0,330 0,317
conductors km

Inductance between mH/ 0,228 0,206 0,187 0,178 0,170 0,183 0,181 0,132 0,121 0,114 0,106 0,101 0,092
conductor and screen km

Capacitance per
uF/km 0,167 0,188 0,210 0,221 0,232 0,252 0,274 0,300 0,328 0,366 0,392 0,413 0,453
phase

10 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 66 kV cable speciication with lead sheath

Conductor cross-
mm2 185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S
Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Insulation thickness mm 11,5 11,0 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5
Thickness of lead
mm 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8
sheah
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover
Cable diameter D mm 67,6 68,9 70,2 71,8 73,4 76,4 80,0 83,9 88,5 94,1 98,2 101,4 107,6

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 8,6 8,9 9,2 9,5 9,9 10,6 11,9 12,9 14,6 16,1 17,5 18,5 20,9
Cu conductor 9,7 10,4 11,1 11,7 12,4 13,7 15,8 17,9 20,8 23,5 26,2 28,5 33,4

Min. bending radius

m 1,352 1,378 1,404 1,436 1,468 1,528 1,600 1,678 1,770 1,882 1,964 2,028 2,152
D

Maximum pulling force

Al S kN 5,55 7,20 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
Cu S 9,25 12,00 15,00 17,5 20,00 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0

DC resistance
Cu conductor Ω/km 0,1640 0,1250 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,0460 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Al conductor 0,0991 0,0754 0,0601 0,0543 0,0470 0,0366 0,0280 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,0090

Inductance between mH/ 0,479 0,456 0,436 0,425 0,416 0,400 0,386 0,371 0,358 0,348 0,339 0,332 0,321
conductors km

Inductance between mH/ 0,232 0,210 0,191 0,182 0,173 0,160 0,148 0,135 0,124 0,117 0,109 0,104 0,095
conductor and screen km

Capacitance per
uF/km 0,167 0,188 0,210 0,221 0,232 0,252 0,274 0,300 0,328 0,366 0,392 0,413 0,453
phase

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 11

 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Permissible continuous current-capacity during cable laying for XLPE cables 66 kV

The load-carrying capacity of high-voltage cables can be calculated under the following
laying conditions:

- cable laying in ground;

- cable laying in triangle formation;
- cable laying in flat formation, the distance between phases –cable diameter;
- cable laying depth – 1,5 m;
- soil maximum temperature + °С;
- soil thermal resistance– 1,2 K·m/W;
- conductor temperature - + °С;
- circuits quantity– 1;
- load factor LF – , и , .

Table 1.1. Continious current-carrying capacity during cable laying in ground

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2

Continuous current-
LF=0,8 489 568 642 682 734 834 945 1058 1164 1365 1474 1558 1664
capacity, А Cu
LF=1,0 438 506 571 605 650 737 832 927 1016 1186 1276 1345 1430
Al LF=0,8 380 442 500 534 576 659 754 856 959 1093 1187 1268 1395
LF=1,0 340 394 445 474 510 582 664 750 837 950 1028 1095 1199
Continuous current-
capacity, А LF=0,8 511 595 674 716 771 880 1001 1128 1251 1337 1423 1496 1620
Cu LF=1,0 456 528 597 634 682 776 883 990 1095 1168 1242 1303 1408
LF=0,8 397 462 524 560 603 692 793 903 1017 1103 1186 1259 1383
Al
LF=1,0 354 411 464 496 533 610 698 793 891 964 1035 1097 1202

Table 1.2. Single point earthing currents

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2
Continuous current-
capacity, А LF =0,8 460 524 582 613 651 722 794 865 927 1024 1075 1113 1162
Cu LF =1,0 410 466 516 541 574 634 695 752 803 881 922 952 989

Al LF =0,8 366 420 470 499 533 599 671 743 813 892 947 991 1058
LF =1,0 327 374 417 442 471 527 588 648 706 770 814 849 902

Continuous current- LF =0,8 448 501 547 570 599 649 706 752 791 840 868 891 916
capacity, А LF =1,0 396 441 479 499 523 564 612 649 681 721 743 762 781
Cu
LF =0,8 365 414 457 481 509 561 614 666 713 758 790 815 853
Al LF =1,0 324 365 402 423 446 490 534 577 615 652 679 699 729

12 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Permissible continuous current-capacity during cable laying in air for XLPE cables 66 kV

The load-carrying capacity of high-voltage cables can be calculated under the following
laying conditions:

- cable laying in the air;

- cable laying in triangle formation;
- cable laying in flat formation, the distance between phases –cable diameter;
- conductor temperature - + °С;
- ambient temperature - + °С;
- protection from solar radiation.

Table 1.3. Single point earthing currents

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2
Continuous current-
563 661 756 809 876 1009 1156 1312 1464 1741 1901 2027 2200
capacity, А Cu

Al 438 514 589 633 687 797 922 1061 1205 1391 1528 1646 1840

Continuous current-
capacity, А Cu 626 737 849 909 987 1142 1319 1511 1703 1994 2191 2350 2576

Al 486 573 659 711 772 898 1043 1208 1382 1580 1742 1883 2120

Table 1.4. Both ends earthing currents

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2
Continuous current-
capacity, А Cu 536 620 698 741 795 895 1001 1109 1209 1362 1450 1518 1612

Al 425 494 560 599 645 737 837 944 1050 1173 1262 1335 1453

Continuous current-
capacity, А Cu 550 625 689 724 765 839 913 984 1049 1132 1182 1220 1276

Al 448 515 575 611 650 726 805 884 959 1037 1092 1137 1207

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 13

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 110 kV cable speciication

Conductor cross-
mm2 185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S

Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150

Thickness of
mm 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0
insulation
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover

Cable diameter D mm 71,7 74,0 76,5 77,9 77,5 80,5 83,7 88,6 92,8 97,8 102,6 104,9 112,9

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 5,5 5,8 6,2 6,4 6,5 7,0 7,6 8,4 9,3 10,6 11,5 12,2 13,8
Cu conductor 6,6 7,3 8,1 8,6 8,9 10,1 11,6 13,5 15,7 18,0 20,2 22,1 26,2

Minimal bending
m 1,071 1,110 1,148 1,169 1,163 1,208 1,256 1,329 1,392 1,469 1,539 1,574 1,694
radius ·D

Maximum pulling force

Al ·S 5,55 7,20 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
кN
Cu ·S 9,25 12,00 15,00 17,5 20,00 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0

DC resistance
Al Оm/ 0,1640 0,1250 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,0460 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Cu km 0,0991 0,0754 0,0601 0,0543 0,0470 0,0366 0,0280 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,0090

Inductance between mH/

0,494 0,473 0,455 0,444 0,429 0,412 0,397 0,382 0,368 0,356 0,347 0,339 0,328
conductors km

Inductance between mH/

0,261 0,242 0,225 0,215 0,206 0,185 0,172 0,158 0,145 0,136 0,128 0,122 0,111
conductors and screen km

Capacitance per uF/

0,135 0,146 0,157 0,164 0,179 0,194 0,209 0,228 0,248 0,274 0,293 0,308 0,336
phase km

14 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 110 kV cable speciication with lead sheath

Conductor cross-
mm2 185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S

Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150

Thickness of
mm 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0 15,0
insulation
Thickness of lead
mm 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8
sheah
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover

Cable diameter D mm 76,6 78,9 81,2 82,8 82,4 85,4 89,0 92,9 97,5 103,1 107,2 110,4 116,6

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 10,1 10,6 11,1 11,5 11,5 12,2 13,6 14,7 16,5 18,0 19,6 20,7 23,1
Cu conductor 11,2 12,1 13,0 13,7 14,0 15,3 17,5 19,7 22,7 25,5 28,3 30,6 25,6

Minimal bending
m 1,532 1,578 1,624 1,656 1,648 1,708 1,780 1,858 1,950 2,062 2,144 2,208 2,332
radius ·D

Maximum pulling force

Al ·S 5,55 7,20 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
кN
Cu ·S 9,25 12,00 15,00 17,5 20,00 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0

DC resistance
Al Оm/ 0,1640 0,1250 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,0460 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Cu km 0,0991 0,0754 0,0601 0,0543 0,0470 0,0366 0,0280 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,0090

Inductance between mH/

0,504 0,483 0,465 0,454 0,439 0,422 0,407 0,391 0,378 0,366 0,356 0,349 0,337
conductors km

Inductance between mH/

0,265 0,245 0,228 0,218 0,203 0,188 0,175 0,161 0,148 0,139 0,131 0,124 0,114
conductors and screen km

Capacitance per uF/

0,135 0,146 0,157 0,164 0,179 0,194 0,209 0,228 0,248 0,274 0,293 0,308 0,336
phase km

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 15

 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 132 kV cable speciication

Conductor cross-
mm2 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S
Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Insulation thickness mm 18,5 17,5 17,5 16,5 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover
Cable diameter D mm 79,0 79,3 80,9 80,5 82,5 85,7 89,6 93,8 99,4 103,3 106,5 112,5

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 6,0 6,1 6,4 6,4 6,8 7,4 8,2 9,0 10,1 10,9 11,7 13,3
Cu conductor 7,5 8,0 8,6 8,9 9,9 11,4 13,2 15,3 17,6 19,6 21,7 25,7

Min. bending radius

m 1,185 1,190 1,214 1,208 1,238 1,286 1,344 1,407 1,491 1,550 1,598 1,688
D
Maximum pulling
force
kN
Al S 7,20 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
Cu S 12,00 15,00 17,5 20,00 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0

DC resistance
Cu conductor Ω/km 0,1250 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,0460 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Al conductor 0,0754 0,0601 0,0543 0,0470 0,0366 0,0280 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,0090

Inductance between mH/

0,483 0,460 0,449 0,434 0,415 0,400 0,384 0,370 0,359 0,349 0,341 0,330
conductors km

Inductance between
mH/
conductor and 0,255 0,232 0,222 0,207 0,189 0,175 0,161 0,149 0,139 0,131 0,124 0,114
km
screen

Capacitance per uF/

0,133 0,148 0,154 0,168 0,185 0,199 0,217 0,236 0,261 0,278 0,292 0,319
phase km

16 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 132 kV cable speciication with lead sheath

Conductor cross-
mm2 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S
Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Insulation thickness mm 18,5 17,5 17,5 16,5 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0 16,0
Thickness of lead
mm 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8
sheah
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover
Cable diameter D mm 83,9 84,2 85,8 85,4 87,4 91,0 94,9 99,5 105,1 109,2 112,4 118,6

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 11,5 11,7 12,0 12,1 12,6 14,0 15,1 16,9 18,5 20,0 21,1 23,6
Cu conductor 13,0 13,5 14,2 14,5 15,7 17,9 20,1 23,2 26,0 28,8 31,1 36,1

Min. bending radius

m 1,678 1,684 1,716 1,708 1,748 1,820 1,898 1,990 2,102 2,184 2,248 2,378
D
Maximum pulling
force
kN
Al S 7,20 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
Cu S 12,00 15,00 17,5 20,00 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0

DC resistance
Cu conductor Ω/km 0,1250 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,0460 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Al conductor 0,0754 0,0601 0,0543 0,0470 0,0366 0,0280 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,0090

Inductance between mH/

0,495 0,472 0,461 0,446 0,427 0,412 0,396 0,382 0,370 0,360 0,352 0,340
conductors km

Inductance between
mH/
conductor and 0,261 0,238 0,227 0,212 0,194 0,180 0,166 0,153 0,144 0,135 0,129 0,118
km
screen

Capacitance per uF/

0,133 0,148 0,154 0,168 0,185 0,199 0,217 0,236 0,261 0,278 0,292 0,319
phase km

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 17

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 150 kV cable speciication

Conductor cross-
mm2 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S
Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Insulation thickness mm 18,5 18,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover
Cable diameter D mm 81,3 82,9 82,5 85,5 88,7 92,6 96,8 102,4 106,3 109,5 115,5

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 6,4 6,6 6,7 7,2 7,8 8,6 9,4 10,5 11,4 12,2 13,7
Cu conductor 8,2 8,8 9,2 10,3 11,7 13,5 15,7 18,0 20,1 22,1 26,2

Min. bending radius

m 1,220 1,244 1,238 1,283 1,331 1,389 1,452 1,536 1,595 1,643 1,733
D
Maximum pulling
force
kN
Al S 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
Cu S 15,00 17,5 20,0 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100

DC resistance
Al conductor Ω/km 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,464 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Cu conductor 0,0601 0,0543 0,047 0,0366 0,028 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,009

Inductance between mH/

0,465 0,454 0,439 0,422 0,407 0,391 0,376 0,365 0,354 0,347 0,335
conductors km

Inductance between
mH/
conductor and 0,238 0,228 0,213 0,197 0,184 0,169 0,156 0,146 0,137 0,131 0,120
km
screen

Capacitance per uF/

0,142 0,149 0,161 0,174 0,187 0,203 0,221 0,243 0,259 0,272 0,297
phase km

18 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 150 kV cable speciication with lead sheath

Conductor cross-
mm2 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S
Screen cross-section mm2 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
Insulation thickness mm 18,5 18,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5
Thickness of lead
mm 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8
sheah
Thickness of outer
mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0
cover
Cable diameter D mm 86,2 87,7 87,4 90,4 94,0 97,9 102,5 108,1 112,2 115,4 121,6

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 12,0 12,4 12,4 13,2 14,6 15,7 17,6 19,2 20,8 21,9 24,4
Cu conductor 13,9 14,6 14,9 16,3 18,6 20,7 23,8 26,7 29,5 31,8 36,9

Min. bending radius

m 1,724 1,754 1,748 1,808 1,880 1,958 2,050 2,162 2,244 2,308 2,432
D
Maximum pulling
force
kN
Al S 9,00 10,5 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0
Cu S 15,00 17,5 20,0 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100

DC resistance
Al conductor Ω/km 0,1000 0,0890 0,0778 0,0605 0,464 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149
Cu conductor 0,0601 0,0543 0,047 0,0366 0,028 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,009

Inductance between mH/

0,477 0,465 0,450 0,433 0,418 0,402 0,388 0,375 0,365 0,358 0,345
conductors km

Inductance between
mH/
conductor and 0,243 0,233 0,218 0,202 0,188 0,174 0,161 0,151 0,142 0,135 0,124
km
screen

Capacitance per uF/

0,142 0,149 0,161 0,174 0,187 0,203 0,221 0,243 0,259 0,272 0,297
phase km

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 19

 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Permissible continuous current-capacity during cable laying for XLPE cables 110-150 kV
The load-carrying capacity of high-voltage cables can be calculated under the following
laying conditions:

- cable laying in ground;

- cable laying in triangle formation;
- cable laying in flat formation, the distance between phases –cable diameter;
- cable laying depth – 1,5 m;
- soil maximum temperature + °С;
- soil thermal resistance– 1,2 K·m/W;
- conductor temperature - + °С;
- circuits quantity– 1;
- load factor LF – , и , .

Table 1.5. Continious current-carrying capacity during cable laying in ground

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2

Continuous current-
LF =0,8 490 569 644 684 736 837 949 1064 1173 1369 1479 1565 1669
capacity, А Cu
LF =1,0 438 507 572 606 652 739 835 932 1023 1189 1280 1350 1437
Al LF =0,8 380 442 501 535 577 661 756 859 964 1095 1189 1271 1396
LF =1,0 341 395 445 475 511 584 665 753 841 951 1030 1097 1202
Continuous current-
LF =0,8 510 592 671 714 769 878 1000 1128 1253 1444 1567 1661 1794
capacity, А
LF =1,0 456 529 598 634 683 777 883 994 1100 1266 1371 1450 1562
Cu
LF =0,8 396 460 522 558 601 690 792 902 1017 1146 1247 1332 1478
Al
LF =1,0 354 411 465 496 534 611 699 794 893 1004 1091 1164 1287

Table 1.6. Single point earthing currents

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2
Continuous current-
capacity, А LF =0,8 463 529 589 621 660 732 807 879 944 1038 1091 1130 1181
Cu LF =1,0 413 470 521 548 581 641 704 763 816 892 933 964 1001

Al LF =0,8 368 423 474 504 538 605 678 752 824 902 957 1003 1071
LF =1,0 328 376 420 445 475 532 593 655 714 777 822 858 911

Continuous current- LF =0,8 451 505 552 576 605 656 706 752 791 840 868 891 916
capacity, А Cu LF =1,0 398 445 485 505 529 571 612 649 681 721 743 762 781

LF =0,8 366 415 460 484 513 565 620 672 720 767 800 827 864
Al LF =1,0 325 368 405 426 450 494 539 583 622 660 687 710 739

20 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Permissible continuous current-capacity during cable laying in air for XLPE cables 110-150 kV

The load-carrying capacity of high-voltage cables can be calculated under the following
laying conditions:

- cable laying in the air;

- cable laying in triangle formation;
- cable laying in flat formation, the distance between phases–cable diameter;
- conductor temperature - + °С;
- ambient temperature - + °С;
- protection from solar radiation.

Table 1.7. Single point earthing currents

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2
Continuous current-
563 660 754 806 874 1006 1153 1310 1462 1729 1888 2013 2185
capacity, А Cu

Al 437 513 587 631 684 794 918 1056 1200 1380 1515 1632 1824

Continuous current-
capacity, А 618 727 833 892 968 1123 1296 1483 1671 1953 2145 2300 2519
Cu

Al 480 565 647 697 756 882 1025 1185 1356 1548 1705 1842 2072

Table 1.8. Both ends earthing currents

Conductor cross-
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000
section S , mm2
Continuous current-
capacity, А Cu 540 625 706 749 804 905 1015 1125 1229 1383 1474 1543 1639

426 497 563 603 649 741 843 952 1060 1183 1274 1348 1468
Al
Continuous current-
capacity, А Cu 552 628 696 732 776 852 929 1004 1072 1158 1210 1249 1306

Al 447 514 576 612 653 731 812 894 972 1053 1110 1157 1229

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 21

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 220 kV cable speciication

Conductor cross-section
mm2 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 2500
(S)

Screen cross-section mm2 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265

Insulation thickness mm 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0

Thickness of outer cover mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0

Cable diameter D mm 94,3 97,3 100,5 105,4 109,6 114,5 119,3 121,6 127,6 134,5

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 9,6 10,2 10,9 11,9 12,8 14,1 15,1 15,9 17,6 19,7
Cu conductor 12,1 13,3 14,9 17,0 19,2 21,5 23,8 25,8 30,0 35,2

Min. bending radius

m 1,884 1,946 2,010 2,108 2,192 2,290 2,386 2,432 2,552 2,690
D

Maximum pulling force

Al S kN 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0 75,0
Cu S 20,0 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0 125,0
DC resistance
Al conductor Ω/km
0,0778 0,0605 0,464 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149 0,0119
Cu conductor
0,047 0,0366 0,028 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,009 0,0072

Inductance between mH/

0,468 0,450 0,434 0,416 0,401 0,386 0,375 0,367 0,354 0,341
conductors km

Inductance between mH/

0,246 0,230 0,214 0,199 0,184 0,171 0,161 0,154 0,142 0,130
conductor and screen km

Capacitance per phase uF/km 0,138 0,148 0,158 0,171 0,184 0,199 0,211 0,221 0,240 0,261

22 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

XLPE 220 kV cable speciication with lead sheath

Conductor cross-section
mm2 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 2500
(S)

Screen cross-section mm2 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 265

Insulation thickness mm 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0 23,0

Thickness of lead sheah mm 2,2 2,2 2,4 2,4 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,7 2,8 3,0

Thickness of outer cover mm 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0

Cable diameter D mm 98,4 101,4 105,0 108,9 113,5 119,1 123,2 126,4 132,6 139,9

Weight approx.
Al conductor kg/m 15,7 16,5 18,0 19,2 21,2 22,9 24,6 25,8 28,4 32,1
Cu conductor 18,2 19,6 22,0 24,2 27,5 30,4 33,3 35,7 40,9 47,6

Min. bending radius

m 1,968 2,028 2,100 2,178 2,270 2,382 2,464 2,528 2,652 2,798
D

Maximum pulling force

Al S kN 12,0 15,0 18,9 24,0 30,0 36,0 42,0 48,0 60,0 75,0
Cu S 20,0 25,0 31,5 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 100,0 125,0
DC resistance
Al conductor Ω/km
0,0778 0,0605 0,464 0,0367 0,0291 0,0247 0,0212 0,0186 0,0149 0,0119
Cu conductor
0,047 0,0366 0,028 0,0221 0,0176 0,0151 0,0129 0,0113 0,009 0,0072

Inductance between mH/

0,474 0,456 0,441 0,423 0,408 0,395 0,384 0,376 0,362 0,350
conductors km

Inductance between mH/

0,247 0,230 0,215 0,199 0,185 0,174 0,164 0,156 0,144 0,133
conductor and screen km

Capacitance per phase uF/km 0,138 0,148 0,158 0,171 0,184 0,199 0,211 0,221 0,240 0,261

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 23

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Permissible continuous current-capacity during cable laying for XLPE cables 220 kV
The load-carrying capacity of high-voltage cables can be calculated under the following
laying conditions:

- cable laying in ground;

- cable laying in triangle formation;
- cable laying in flat formation, the distance between phases –cable diameter;
- cable laying depth – 1,5 m;
- soil maximum temperature + °С;
- soil thermal resistance– 1,2 K·m/W;
- conductor temperature - + °С;
- circuits quantity– 1;
- load factor (LF – , и , .

Table 1.9. Continious current -carrying capacity during cable laying in ground

Conductor cross-
400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 2500
section S , mm2
Continuous
current-capacity, LF =0,8 731 832 944 1060 1169 1356 1465 1550 1658 1718
А Cu LF =1,0 645 732 827 924 1015 1172 1261 1330 1415 1457

Al LF =0,8 573 657 751 853 958 1084 1177 1258 1384 1488
LF =1,0 506 577 658 744 832 937 1014 1079 1182 1263

Continuous LF =0,8 759 866 986 1112 1235 1421 1542 1638 1764 1837
current-capacity, LF =1,0 675 768 873 982 1087 1247 1350 1431 1536 1595
А Cu

Al LF =0,8 593 680 780 889 1002 1128 1227 1313 1453 1570
LF =1,0 528 604 690 784 882 990 1074 1148 1266 1363

Table 1.10. Single point earthing currents

Conductor cross-
400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 2500
section S , mm2
Continuous
current-capacity, А LF =0,8 647 716 787 855 914 995 1042 1077 1121 1151
Cu LF =1,0 566 623 681 735 782 846 882 908 940 959

Al LF =0,8 530 595 664 735 802 871 922 963 1024 1073
LF =1,0 464 519 577 634 689 743 783 814 861 897
Continuous
LF =0,8 615 670 723 772 814 866 896 918 947 967
current-capacity,
LF =1,0 538 583 627 666 700 741 765 782 804 819
А Cu
LF =0,8 517 572 629 685 736 785 820 848 889 921
Al
LF =1,0 454 501 548 594 635 675 703 724 757 782

24 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Permissible continuous current-capacity during cable laying in air for XLPE cables kV

The load-carrying capacity of high-voltage cables can be calculated under

the following laying conditions:

- cable laying in the air;

- cable laying in triangle formation;
- cable laying in flat formation, the distance between phases –cable diameter;
- conductor temperature - + °С;
- ambient temperature - + °С;
- protection from solar radiation.

Table 1.11. Single point earthing currents

Conductor cross-section
400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 2500
S , mm2

Continuous current- 863 992 1138 1292 1443 1695 1850 1973 2141 2250
capacity, А Cu

Al 676 782 904 1039 1181 1352 1483 1596 1782 1944

Continuous current-
capacity, А Cu 942 1087 1253 1433 1613 1883 2066 2214 2423 2565

Al 736 854 990 1144 1307 1492 1641 1773 1992 2187

Table 1.12. Both ends earthing currents

Conductor cross-
400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 2500
section S , mm2
Continuous current-
791 891 997 1104 1203 1343 1428 1493 1581 1646
capacity, А Cu

Al 640 730 828 933 1037 1151 1236 1307 1418 1513

Continuous current-
capacity, А Cu 798 886 975 1061 1140 1237 1298 1344 1408 1460

Al 661 746 835 927 1015 1104 1171 1224 1307 1379

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 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Correction factors for XLPE cables 66 – 220 kV

Correction factors for different temperatures

Temperature °C -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

in the ground 1,13 1,1 1,06 1,03 1,0 0,97 0,93 0,89 0,86 0,82 0,77 0,73
in the air 1,21 1,18 1,14 1,11 1,07 1,04 1,0 0,96 0,92 0,88 0,83 0,78

Correction factors for different thermal resistivities of soil

Thermal resistivity of soil, К·m/W 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,5 2,0 2,5

Correction factor 1,13 1,05 1,0 0,93 0,85 0,8

Correction factors for different instalation dephts

Cable laying depth, m 1 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,5 3,0 4,0 5,0 10,0

Correction factor 1,05 1,0 0,98 0,96 0,95 0,93 0,91 0,88 0,86 0,8

Correction factors of cable laying in pipes

Cable laid in separate

Laying conditions Cable laid in pipes partially Cable laid in one pipe
pipes

Correction factor 0,94 0,9 0,9

Correction factors for numbers of cables

Number of parallel CL
Distance between CL, mm
2 3 4 5 6 7
500 0,86 0,76 0,72 0,68 0,65 0,63
700 0,87 0,79 0,75 0,72 0,7 0,68
900 0,89 0,81 0,78 0,75 0,73 0,72
1000 0,9 0,82 0,79 0,76 0,75 0,74
1500 0,92 0,86 0,84 0,82 0,81 0,8
2000 0,94 0,9 0,88 0,87 0,86 0,85
2500 0,95 0,92 0,9 0,89 0,89 0,88
3000 0,96 0,93 0,92 0,91 0,91 0,91

3500 0,97 0,94 0,94 0,93 0,93 0,93

4000 0,97 0,95 0,95 0,94 0,94 0,94
4500 0,98 0,96 0,96 0,95 0,95 0,95
5000 0,98 0,97 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,95
5500 0,98 0,97 0,97 0,96 0,96 0,96
6000 0,98 0,97 0,97 0,96 0,96 0,96

26 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

 XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Example of calculating of current capacity for 66 – 220 kV cables

Cable line kV

- conductor material - copper;

- conductor cross-section - 800 mm2;
- installation type – in ground;
- type of installation – close trefoil;
- laying depth – 3 m;
- number of circuits - 2;
- distance between parallel circuits -1.5 m;
- cable screens earthing –both ends;
- ambient temperature + °С;
- load factor-1;
- thermal resistivity of native soil – 2.0 K•m/W.

According to tables, current capacity for standard cable laying conditions (cable with a copper conductor with cross-
section 800 mm2 with both-ends earthing and a load factor 1.0 ) is 816 A.

Correction factor:

Correction factor for different instalation dephts К = , ;

Correction factor for numbers of cables К = , ;
Correction factor for different temperatures К = , ;
Correction factor for different thermal resistivities of soil К = , .

Permissible continuous current ACC for the above conditions can be calculated by:

Iper.=Ist·К ·К ·К ·К = · , · , · , · , ≈ А.*

* * The exact value of the permissible continuous current is determined after calculation of IEC method.

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 27

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Formulas for auxiliary calculations

1. Dynamic forces in case of short-circuit

0.2 2
�= ·� [�/�]
� ���
where Imax – 2.5·ISC [кА];
ISC – short-circuit current [кА];
s – distance between cable axes [m];
F – maximum force [N/m].

2. Electrical stresses
� �0
���� = �� ⁡ [��/��] ���� = �� ⁡ [��/��]
� · ln⁡ �� · ln⁡
�� ��
where: re – outer insulation radius [mm];
ri – inner insulation radius [mm];
U0 – nominal voltage[kV];
Emax – electrical stress at conductor screen [kV/mm];
Emin – electrical stress at insulation screen [kV/mm].

3. Dielectric losses
� = 2 · � · � · �02 · � · ��� � [�/��]
where: f – frequency [Hz];
U0 – nominal voltage [kV];
С – capacity [mkF/km];
tan δ – tan of dielectric losses.

4. Induction and inductive resistance

�·� −
�= · ln⁡ · ⁡[���/��]
�
where: k=1 trefoil formation, k=1.26 flat formation;
b – distance between axes [mm];
r0 – average radius of the conductor [mm].

·�·�·�
�= [�ℎ�/��]
where : f – frequency [Hz];
L – inductance [mGn/km];
X – inductance resistance [Ohm/km].

5. Maximum one-second short-circuit current

���
�� = [кА]
√���
where: Is – maximum one-second SC current [кА];
ISC– short-circuit current [кА];
tSC – duration of the short-circuit current [s].
28 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC
XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Earthing/cross-bonding cable

Earthing/cross-bonding cables are designed for transposition and screen earthing of XLPE cables. They can also
be used as an additional earthing cable which is used as the connecting earthing points of cable screens when the
cable line is earthed single-sided. The additional earthing cable can be used when it comes to single-sided erthing
to keep down induced voltage occur in short-circuit fault.

Technical speciication of earthing/cross-bonding cable

Conductor cross-section S mm2 240 400

Cable sheath thickness mm 3,5 3,5
Cable diameter D mm 25,1 30,6
Weight kg/km 2414 3911

Min banding radius ·D m 0,251 0,306

Conductor resistance against DC, at

Оm/km 0,754 0,0470
°C, Cu

Permissible short-circuit currents for earthing/cross-bonding cables

Conductor heating temperature:

-before short-circuit °С
-after short-circuit °С

Permissible one-second SC current

Cable cross-section, mm2 240 400

Short circuit current, кА 35,3 58,7

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 29

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Load factor

Load factor % - average energy load to the maximum peak load during a period. Most clearly, the load factor can be
determined from the schedule of CL load.

Example of the CL load schedule

From the CL load schedule you can see that the load factor is equal to 0.6. The exact value of the load factor may be
determined in the Regional Dispatching Office of the power system. The load factor can be calculated from the daily
load schedule :

where: ti – the period of i-time duration

Pi (%) – the ratio of power in the i-th time interval to the maximum power.

30 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Short-circuit currents
Short-circuit current for all types of cables is calculated on the basis of the following conditions:

conductor temperature: copper and alloy screen temperature:

-before short-circuit °С -before short-circuit °С

-after short-circuit °С -after short-circuit °С

Lead sheath temperature:

--before short-circuit °С
--after short-circuit °С

XLPE cable can be overloaded with temperatures up to °С. Emergency overloads do not considerably affect
cable service life. The total duration of the overload mode should be no more than 100 hours per year and not more
than 1000 hours for the service life. One-second long permissible short-circuit currents along the conductor and
through the screen should not exceed the figures presented in the Tables.

Permissible one-cecond short-circuit current in the conductor

Conductor cross-section,
185 240 300 350 400 500 630 800 1000 1200 1600 2000
mm2
Cu conductor 26,5 34,3 42,9 50,1 57,2 71,5 90,1 114,4 14 172,8 230 288

Al conductor 17,5 22,7 28,2 33,1 37,6 47 59,2 75,2 93,1 114,3 152 190

Permissible one-cecond short-circuit current in the screen

Copper screen cross-
35 50 70 95 120 150 185 210 240 265 280 290 300 310
section, mm2
Lead sheath cross-
249 383 551 769 968 1199 1493 1732 1963 2197 2288 2385 2458 2562
section, mm2
Short-circuit current, кА 6,8 9,8 13,6 17,7 22,9 28,2 34,7 40,0 45,2 50,4 52,4 54,7 56,3 58,6

Permissible one-cecond short-circuit current in the screen

Alloy screen cross-

35 50 70 95 120 150 185 210 240 265 280 290 300 310
section, mm2
Short-circuit current,
4,4 6,4 9,2 12,2 15,6 19,0 23,4 26,9 30,4 34,0 35,02 36,8 37,8 39,4
кА

In the case of short-circuit, apart from the heating, the dynamic forces between cable phases have
to be taken into consideration; their values can be signiicant. These values are important for cable
clamps.

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XLPE cables 66-220 kV

Cable laying conditions and testing after high voltage cable laying

During XLPE 66-220 kV cable laying the bending

radius should be not less than 20xD, where D —
outside cable diameter. When cables accessories
installation is carried out with the use of a special
template the preheating, minimal bending radius
should be at least 15xD.

During cable laying use a cable sleeve or pulling

eye, pulling force should not exceed the following
figures:

F=Sx50 N/ mm2 — for copper conductor,

F=Sx30 N/ mm2 — for aluminum conductor

where S — conductor area of the cross-section,

mm2.

Ambient temperature during cable laying should

not be lower than - °С. If cable is preheated the
cable laying can be carried out at the following
temperatures:

- °С – for cables with PVC-plasticate sheath;

- °С – for cables with polyethylene sheath.

After cable line installation and commissioning, each phase of the cable and its accessories should be
tested by increased AC voltage of 128 kV during one hour with frequency of 20 to 300 Hz. As agreed
between manufacturing company and customer, it is permitted to conduct testing by nominal working
AC voltage of 64 kV during 24 hours without load, instead of the test by increased AC voltage. The
test by increased DC is feasible, but not recommended, and only as agreed between manufacturing
company and customer.

Cable sheath has to be tested by DC of 10 kV, applied between a metallic screen and earthing for one
minute.

During cable laying of Estralin HVC production the requirements of «Maintenance of XLPE cable
laying - kV, №TD- - P» should be met.

32 Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC

Estralin Information:
High Voltage Cables Plant
We reserve the right to introduce to the present
111024, Moscow catalogue technical alterations or corrections
Box office а/я without notice. When ordering equipment, only
2nd Kabelnaya Str., bld 2 mutually agreed data shall be valid.

Tel.: +7 (495) 956 66 99 Estralin HVC shall not be responsible for any
Fax: :+7 (495) 234 32 94 potential misprints of losses of information in the
catalogue.
e-mail: [email protected]
web-site: www.estralin.com All rights to the present document, both to the
test and to the figures, belong to Estralin HVC.
Any reproduction, complete or partial, without
a written permission from Estralin HVC is
prohibited.

Modern solutions for power cables I Estralin HVC 33