LIE DETECTION
• -refers
to the art, techniques, and process of
discovering, sensing and spotting lies.
•Alternative term for lie detection:
1.Deception detection or detection of deception
2. Truth verification
•Lie detection is ultimately
focused in
________________?
•Lie detection is ultimately
focused in knowing the truth.
•The fundamental basis is
giving ________ to those who
deserve it.
•The fundamental basis is
giving justice to those who
deserve it.
THEREFORE:
•The process of detecting lies
and deceit is simply a way of
knowing the truth.
•Why do we need to detect lies?
•Why do we need to detect lies?
•-so that we can verify the truth.
WHY DO WE NEED TO VERIFY THE
TRUTH?
WHY DO WE NEED TO VERIFY THE TRUTH?
•So that we can detect who are lying
and who are not while answering our
questions.
CONTEMPORARY METHODS OF DETECTING
DECEPTION
•1. Physiological Lie Detection
•Deception test
•Recognition test
•2.Non-Verbal Lie Detection
• 3. Verbal Lie Detection
• Statement Validity Assessment (SVA)
• The SVA is a tool designed to verify the accuracy of the
testimony of child witnesses during trial of sexual cases.
• Stages of statement Validity Assessment:
• A. Case-file analysis
• B. Semi instructed interview
• C. Criteria-based content analysis
• D. Validity Checklist
•Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN)
•This tool was developed by Avioam Sapir, a
polygraph examiner and former Islaeli Police
Lieutenant. The procedure requires an
examinee to write down detail his/ her
activities on a crucial period of time.
Handwritten statement is then analyzed based
on the criteria set for this tool.
4. FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING-
BASED LIE DETECTION
•- this involves measurement of changes in
regional cerebral blood flow cause by the
activity of the nervous system.
5. OPTICAL MOTOR DETECTION OF
DECEPTION
• It was speculated based on research that
sympathetic nervous system influenced the pupillary
changes which could be used to measure the value
of interest and pleasure on visual stimulus.
POLYGRAPHY OR POLYGRAPH SCIENCE
•- is a scientific method of detecting
deception using an instrument called
polygraph.
POLYGRAPH
• It is a device or procedure that measures and records several
physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse,
respiration, and skin conductivity while the person is asked
and answers a series of questions.
• - is an instrument whereby multiple signals from the sensors
are recorded on a single strip of moving paper.
PERSONALITIES
BEHIND LIE DETECTION
•1. Dr. Hans Gross- stated that “a large part of the
criminal work is nothing more than a battle of lies”.
Known as the Father of Criminalistics.
•2. Angelo Mosso- Developed the Sphygmomanometer
designed to measure the flow of blood while a person
lies on his back in a prone position.
•3. Cesare Lombroso- developed the
Hydrosphymograph which is the first instrument to
detect deception.
• 4. William Moulton Marston-known as the father of modern polygraphy.
• 5. John Larson- developed the first instrument that simultaneously records
blood pressure, pulse and respiration.
• 6. Leonarde Keeler- invented the Keeler Polygraph that records BP,
pulse, respiration and GSR. Designed the Kymograph built-in in the
polygraph instrument.
• 7. VittorioBenussi- demonstrated the changes in breathing patterns
indicate deception.
• 8. Harold Burtt- said that changes in systolic blood pressure were of
greater value in determining deception than in respiration.
•9. Luigi Galvani- Developed the GSR or the
galvanometer.
•10. Veraguth- First to use the term Psychogalvanic reflex.
•11. Francis galton- Developed the Word Association Test.
•12. Allen Bell.- Developed the Psychological Stress
Evaluator.
•13. Anton Mesmer- First to introduce hypnotism as means
of detecting deception.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIE
DETECTION METHODS
1. METHODS INVOLVING THE USE OF SCIENTIFIC
DEVICES THAT RECORD PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSES.
•A. Word Association Technique (WAT)
-prepared a list of stimulus and non-stimulus group of words
separated in time to allow the patient to utter his first thought
generated by each word. Answers should be given as quickly
as possible. The time interval between the words uttered by
the examiner and the answer of the subject is recorded.
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS EVALUATION (PSE)
• - the machine that detects, measures, and graphically
displays the voice modulations that we cannot hear, which can
manifest psychological stress.
• -detects slight trembling in the voice, which may be
interpreted to determine if the person is telling the truth.
• - Purpose: to detect levels of significant emotional stress from
human voiced modulations.
C. POLYGRAPH METHOD (POLYGRAPHY)
•- detecting deception with the aid of a polygraph
machine which is based on the theory that a
conscious mental effort on the part of a normal
person to deceive cause physical changes or being
recorded and diagnosed.
2. METHODS INVOLVING THE USE OF SUBSTANCES
THAT INHIBIT THE INHIBITOR SUCH AS:
• A. Administration of “truth serum”
• - introduced by Dr. Edward Mandel House.
• - used Hyoscine hydrobromide administered to the subject
hypodermically unit a state of delirium is brought on. When
under delirium, the subject, when asked questions, feel an
obligation to answer truthfully, forgets his alibi, and may
even give information of his acts or even involve others in the
crime.
B. NARCOANALYSIS (ALSO CALLED AS
NARCOSYNTHESIS)
•- used Psychiatric sodium amytal/ Na
Pentothal a drug that causes depression
of the inhibitory mechanism of the brain,
which makes the subject talk freely.
C. INTOXICATION WITH ALCOHOL
•-in vino veritas
•- the subject is allowed to drink until
intoxicated, wherein his power to control
decreases, so questions will be asked and
recorded.
3. HYPNOSIS
• - an altered state of consciousness and a person
apparently loses the power of voluntary action and
heightened responsiveness to suggestion.
• - it can produce a deeper contact with one’s emotional life,
resulting in some lifting of repressions and exposure of
buried fears and conflict.
4. SCIENTIFIC INTERROGATION
•-Questioning of a person suspected of having
committed an offense or of a person who is
reluctant to make full disclosure of information in his
possession that is pertinent to the investigation.
