MORTEGA, REYMOND S.
IS2-1-01
Individual Activity: Introduction to Database System
Objective:
To understand the basic concepts of a Database System, its importance, and its key
components through research and practical application.
Instructions:
Part 1: Understanding Database Systems
1. Define a Database System
Explain what a Database System is and its purpose in managing data.
Provide real-world examples of where database systems are used.
A database system is software that makes it easier to store, organize, control, and get data. It
makes sure that the data is organized, secure, and easily available. A database system is
designed to manage massive amounts of information, support multiple users, and allow for
quick data searching, updating, and reporting. Databases are commonly used by businesses,
organizations, and individuals to keep track of transactions and manage activities. Best
examples are banking systems that manage client accounts, hospital databases that store
patient records, e-commerce websites that track products and orders, and social media
platforms that handle user profiles and interactions.
2. Components of a Database System
Define and describe the role of the following components:
Data- refers to the raw facts and information kept in a database. It may contain numbers, text,
graphics, or any other type of information. A database system organizes data into tables to
make it easier to manage and retrieve.
Database Management System (DBMS) – A DBMS is software that enables users to create,
store, edit, and retrieve data from databases. It ensures data integrity, security, and effective
management of huge datasets. Examples include MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server.
Users - the individuals who interact with the database system. Administrators administer and
secure the system, developers construct and maintain databases, and end users use
applications to access data.
Hardware & Software – Hardware and software refer to physical elements such as servers,
computers, and storage systems that host the database. The database management system
(DBMS), operating system, and database-related applications are all examples of software.
Together, they ensure that the system functions smoothly.
3. Types of Database Systems
Briefly explain the following types of databases and give one example for each:
Relational Database: A relational database is one that stores data in structured tables with
rows and columns, and uses keys to maintain data relationships. It adheres to a rigid schema
and employs SQL for queries. MySQL is an example of a database management system
(DBMS).
NoSQL Database: A database that can store data in a variety of formats, including key-value
pairs, documents, and graphs. It is appropriate for dealing with massive amounts of
unstructured data that change often. Example: MongoDB (used in social media and real-time
applications).
Cloud Database: A database that runs on cloud computing systems, allowing for scalability,
remote access, and automatic backups. It reduces the demand for physical infrastructure.
Part 2: Activity Task
4. Identify Database Systems Around You
List three (3) real-world applications that use databases (e.g., online shopping
platforms, social media, banking systems). Explain how they use databases to store and
retrieve data.
Hospital Management Systems – Databases are used to hold patient records, doctor
schedules, medical histories, and medicines. When a doctor checks up a patient’s file,
the database retrieves all relevant information immediately.
Airline Reservation Systems - Airlines employ databases to manage flight schedules,
passenger reservations, and ticket inventory. When a customer books a flight, the
system automatically updates seat availability in real time.
Educational institutions - employ databases to hold student records, course
enrollments, exam results, and staff information. When a student looks up their grades
online, the database retrieves and shows their academic records.
5. Design a Simple Database
Imagine you are managing a small bookstore. Create a simple table structure for storing
book records.
Your table should have at least 5 columns (e.g., Book_ID, Title, Author, Genre, Price).
Provide at least 3 sample entries in the table.
BOOK_ID TITLE AUTHOR GENRE PRICE
101 Atomic Habits James Clear Self-help 15.75
102 IKIGAI Héctor García & Francesc Miralles Self-help 14.99
103 The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck Mark Manson Self-help 16.40
104 A Gentle Reminder Bianca Sparacino Poetry 12.34
105 The 48 Laws of Power Robert Greene Business 29.99
Part 3: Reflection
As you can see above, A bookstore who constructed a database table to show how structured
data storage improves information management. The table divided books into columns such as
Book_ID, Title, Author, Genre, and Price, allowing for easy search, update, and retrieval while
enhancing efficiency and organization.
6. Answer the following questions:
Why do you think databases are important in today’s digital world?
What challenges do you think organizations face in managing large databases?
Databases are crucial in today's digital world because they allows the effective storage,
organization, and management of large volumes of information. Businesses, hospitals, banks,
and social media platforms use databases to securely manage client data, transactions, and
operations. In addition database provide quick access to information, improve decision-making,
and enhance user experiences. However, administering large databases presents several
obstacles, including data security threats, high storage costs, system performance issues, and
the need for regular maintenance and backups. To protect sensitive information, organizations
must assure data accuracy, restrict illegal access, and follow privacy standards.
