Gas Leakage Detection and Prevention using

IOT

Group members name-

Ashish shirsath
Dipali kale
Jayjeet Pawar
Aditya chavan
 Gas Leakage Detection and Prevention using IOT

Abstract – For the sake of lives safety and fulfilment of social duties, and keeping in focus the life-threatening instances of
blasts and injuries due to leakage of gas in industries, vehicles and houses, a gas leakage system has been designed whereby
application of embedded systems and involvement of Internet of things (IoT). The main objective of the work is designing
micro controller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. LPG is a significant and effective fuel, for the most part
utilized as a part of private spots for cooking. LPG for the most part filled in cylinder which is solid and can't be harmed
effortlessly. In any case, breaks may happen from gas cylinder, controller and gas pipe tube when these are definitely not in
a decent condition and may cause a mishap. Mischance’s may prompt medical problems like suffocation and potentially
cause an impact on the start of any fire or electric supply. One of the important preventive methods to stop mischance
related with the gas spillage is to introduce gas leakage detector at vulnerable places. The main focus of this paper is to
present such an outline that can consequently identify and remove gas spillage in defenceless premises. The gas spill sensor
is such a gadget which distinguishes the gas spills at beginning levels and cautions the individuals of the same. This paper
fundamentally manages the advancement of a straightforward gas spill locator at the underlying stage and after that
changing this basic gadget into a most progressive gas identifier framework later on. Gas sensors have been specifically
utilized which has high affectability for propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). Gas leakage system consists of GSM
(Worldwide System for versatile communication) module, which sends SMS as soon as gas leakage is detected. Keywords:
Arduino, MQ-6 Gas Sensor, LCD, LPG, Stepper.

Keywords– Arduino , MQ-6 Gas Sensor, IOT, Wifi ESP8266, LCD, LPG, Servo Motor, Buzzer, GSM, Exhaust Fan.

5. A GSM module is used to send SMS to the user if

I. INTRODUCTION gas leakage is detected and the status is displayed on
an LCD.
Safety plays a major role in today's world and it is 6. The Node MCU carries out all the processing of the
necessary that good safety systems are to be implemented. signal received from the MQ6gas sensor and activate
The main objective of the work is designing the GSM module and LCD to inform the user.
microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting 7. Internet of Things (IoT) is the networking of ‘things’
system. by which physical things can communicate with the
1. The advantage of this automated detection and help of sensors, electronics, software, and
alerting system over the manual method is that it connectivity. These
offers quick response time and accurate detection of 8. systems do not require any human interaction and
an emergency and in turn leading faster diffusion of same is the case with IoT based gas leakage detection
the critical situation. system, it does not require human attention.
2. If the gases exceed the normal level then an alarm is 9. This gas detection and alert system will not only alert
generated immediately and also an alert message. us of the leakage but will also mechanically turn off
3. The LCD screen shows the current gas value, the the knob of the gas cylinder to seize any leakage of
system puts on the buzzer when the level of gas gas.
crosses the set limit and to outlet the gas exhaust fan 10. The app is designed for the purpose of intimating the
gets on. user with the gas values as the values will be updated
4. Embedded systems described as, ‘a computer system continuously in the app and to know the status of the
with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical system.
and electrical systems, often with real-time
constraint’, are being employed to detect the excess II. ARCHITECTURE
of gas in the marked environment.
Power Supply Circuit
This circuit is made up of one 9V dc battery which supply
power to the node MCU and a 12 volt dc voltage supplied fully describes what the software will do and how it will
from a rectifier. The 9V is stepped down for the use of the be expected to perform. Software requirements
MCU which in turn supplies the sensor, the fan and the specification permits a rigorous assessment of
buzzer. requirements before design can begin and reduces later
redesign. It should also provide a realistic basis for
estimating product costs, risks, and schedules.
The software requirements specification document enlists
enough and necessary requirements that are required for
the project development. To derive the requirements, we
need to have clear and thorough understanding of the
products to be developed or being developed. This is
achieved and refined with detailed and continuous
communications with the project team and customer till
the completion of the software.

3.1 Hardware Requirements

We use the following hardware requirements:
3.1.1 MQ6 Sensor
MQ-6 gas sensor has high sensitity to Propane, Butane
and LPG, also response to Natural gas. The sensor could
be used to detect different combustible gas, especially
Methane, it is with low cost and suitable for different
application.
Fig.1.architecture.

Sensing Circuit
The sensing circuit consists of an MQ6 sensor MQ-6
which has high sensitity to Propane, Butane and LPG,
also response to Natural gas. The sensor could be used to
detect different combustible gas, especially Methane, it is
with low cost & suitable for different application.
ESP8266 DESIGN
The ESP8266 is the name of a micro controller designed
by Espressif Systems. The ESP8266 itself is a self- Fig.2.MQ6 Sensor.
contained WiFi networking solution offering as a bridge
from existing micro controller to WiFi and is also capable
of running self-contained applications. Flash memory
attachable: 16MB max (512K normal). Analog to Digital:
1 input with 1024 step resolution.

GSM Transmit Circuit

We are be using SIM300 GSM Module in our Project.
SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine from SIMCOM
Ltd.,that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS
1800 MHz and PCS 1900MHz. The physical interface
between SIM300 and the mobile application is through a
60 pins board-to-board connector, which provides all
hardware interfaces from module to customer’s boards
except the RF antenna interface. To detect the LPG, MQ-6 gas sensor is employed. This
THREAT AWARENESS AND MITIGATION CIRCUIT sensor can be operated at +5V. The sensitivity of this
This consists of the buzzer and the fan. sensor is very high and it has quick response time. It can
LPG Gas Leakage Detection and Alert System detect the
III. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT LPG concentration in the range of 200-10000ppm. The
SPECIFICATION
gas sensing layer of this sensor is made of Tin Dioxide
A software requirements specification (SRS) is a (SnO2) and gold (Au) electrodes.
comprehensive description of the intended purpose and Character
environment for software under development. The SRS • Good sensitivity to Combustible gas in wide range
• High sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LPG
• Long life and low cost 7. Processor speed: 80~160MHz.
• Simple drive circuit 8. RAM: 32K + 80K.
9. GPIOs: 17 (multiplexed with other functions).
3.1.2 ESP8266 NODE MUC 10. Analog to Digital: 1 input with 1024 step resolution.
SP8266EX is embedded with Tensilica L106 32-bit micro 11. +19.5dBm output power in 802.11b mode
controller (MCU), which features extra low power 12. 802.11 support: b/g/n.
consumption and 16-bit RSIC. The CPU clock speed is 13. Maximum concurrent TCP connections: 5.
80MHz. It can also reach a maximum value of 160MHz. 14. ESP8266 PIN DIAGRAM
Real Time Operation System (RTOS) is enabled.
Currently, only 20% of MIPS has been occupied by the
WiFi stack, the rest can all be used for user application
programming and development.

The ESP8266 itself is a self-contained WiFi networking

solution offering as a bridge from existing micro
controller to WiFi and is also capable of running self-
contained applications.

Fig.3.Wifi ESP8266.

The interfaces can be used to connect to the MCU

embedded in ESP8266EX:

Programmable RAM/ROM interfaces (iBus), which can

be connected with memory controller, and can also be
used to visit external flash;
Data RAM interface (dBus), which can be connected with
memory controller;
AHB interface can be used to visit the register.

Fig .4. wifi restart.

Specification:
1. Voltage:3.3V.
2. Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP. Fig.5. ESP8266 PIN DIAGRAM
3. Current consumption: 10uA~170mA.
4. Flash memory attachable: 16MB max(512K normal). Note: GPIO2, GPIO0, MTDO can be configurable as 3-
5. Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack. bit SDIO mode.
6. Processor: Tensilica L106 32-bit.
 data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD.
The data is the ASCII value of the character to be
displayed on the LCD.

Fig.6. I2C LCD Display.

The I2C is a type of serial bus developed by Philips,

which uses two bidirectional lines, called SDA (Serial
Data Line) and SCL (Serial Clock Line). Both must be
connected via pulled-up resistors. The usage voltages are
standard as 5V and 3.3V. I2C connector: VCC, GND,
SCL, SDA

Fig .7. I2C LCD with Microcontroller.

Specifications & Features: -

3.1.3 I2C 16X2 LCD Display
A 16×2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line
LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is
predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, displayed in 5×7pixel matrix. This LCD has two
setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The registers, namely, Command and Data. The command
Arduino IIC/I2C interface was developed to reduce the The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM,
IO port usage on Arduino board NC and NO:
I2C adapter allows flexibility in connections and reduces
the overall wirings. COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the
White text on the Blue background, Character Color: moving part of the switch.
White, Backlight: Blue
Single LED backlight included can be dimmed easily with NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when
a resistor or PWM. the relay coil is off.

Interface: I2C, Interface Address: 0x27 Supply voltage: NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the
5V relay coil is on.
register stores the command instructions given to the
Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit
LCD with Node MCU to be on when the relay coil is on.
Connect adapter's SCL pin with NodeMCU D1 pin
Connect adapter's SDA pin with NodeMCU D2 pin Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit
Connect adapter's GND, VCC pins with NodeMCU to be on when the relay coil is off.
GND, Vin accordingly LCD with I2C Serial Adapter on
NodeMCU v2 using ArduinoIDE and available libraries. Protection diodes for relays
Transistors and ICs must be protected from the brief high
3.1.4 Relays voltage produced when a relay coil is switched off. The
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current diagram shows how a signal diode (eg 1N4148) is
flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic connected 'backwards' across the relay coil to provide this
field which attracts a lever and changes the switch protection.
contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have
two switch positions and most have double throw
(changeover) switch contacts.
Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which
can be completely separate from the first. For example, a
low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a
230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection
inside the relay between the two circuits, the link is
magnetic and mechanical.
The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current,
typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as much as
100mA for relays designed to operate from lower Fig.9. protection diode.
voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide this current
and a transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC
current to the larger value required for the relay coil. Current flowing through a relay coil creates a magnetic
Relays thus enables controlling an AC device through field which collapses suddenly when the current is
DC. switched off. The sudden collapse of the magnetic field
Commonly used Relays are usually SPDT or DPDT but induces a brief high voltage across the relay coil which is
they can have many more sets of switch contacts, for very likely to damage transistors and ICs. The protection
example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are diode allows the induced voltage to drive a brief current
readily available. through the coil (and diode) so the magnetic field dies
away quickly rather than instantly. This prevents the
induced voltage becoming high enough to cause
damage to transistors and IC’s.

Basic Relay circuit:

Fig.8. RELAY.
Fig.10. Basic relay ckt.
When Switch near DC source is closed the Relay, coil via GPRS(General packet radio service). Packet data
gets energized and it attracts the Relay contact towards it. transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE. The
The Relay Contact is closed and the AC Mains circuit GSM standard is succeeded by the third generation (or
gets a closed path and the Bulb glows. Thus, a Relay is "3G") UMTS standard developed by the 3GPP. GSM
DC operated but controls AC. networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate
SPDT Relay used in this Project: fourth generation (or "4G") LTE Advanced standards.
"3G") UMTS standard developed by the 3GPP. GSM "GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM Association.
networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate
fourth generation (or "4G") LTE Advanced standards. GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier
"GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM Association. frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges
for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most
GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or
frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already
for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used
2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In
1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are
allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used assigned in some countries because they were previously
instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In used for first-generation systems.
rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are
assigned in some countries because they were previously
used for first-generation systems.

RELAY 1
Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is
divided into timeslots for individual phones to use. This
allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels
per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or eight
burst periods) are grouped into a TDMA frame. Half rate
channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The
channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and
the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission power
in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in
GSM850/900 and 1 watt in GSM1800/1900.

SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine from

SIMCOM Ltd. that works on frequencies EGSM 900
MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz. SIM300
features GPRS multi-slot class 10 / class 8 (optional) and
Fig.11. Relay ckt. supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3
and CS-4.
The i/p pins of relays are controlled through the
Microcontroller port pins. The standard was expanded over time to include first
The o/p of relays are AC circuits shown as AC 1 circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport
via GPRS(General packet radio service). Packet data
3.1.5 GSM transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE. The
GSM stands for Global System for Mobile GSM standard is succeeded by the third generation (or
Communications formerly called as Groupe Spécial With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm ,
Mobile. This is a standard set developed by the European SIM300 can fit almost all the space requirement in an
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to application, such as Smart phone, PDA phone and other
describe technologies for second generation (or "2G") mobile device.
digital cellular networks. The physical interface between SIM300 and the mobile
application is through a 60 pins board-to-board
The GSM standard initially was used originally to connector, which provides all hardware interfaces from
describe switched circuit network for full duplex voice module to customer’s boards except the RF antenna
telephony to replace first generation analog cellular interface.
networks
The standard was expanded over time to include first The keypad and SPI LCD interface will give you the
circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport flexibility to develop customized applications.
1. Two serial ports can help you easily develop your 3. Send message +CMGS Description :
applications. The <address> field is the address of the terminal to
2. Two audio channels include two microphones inputs which the message is sent. To send the message, simply
and two speaker outputs. These audio interfaces can type, <ctrl-Z> character (ASCII 26). The text can contain
be easily configured by AT command. all existing characters except <ctrl-Z> and <ESC> (ASCII
3. One ADC input 27). This command can be aborted using the <ESC>
4. Two GPIO ports and SIM card detection port character when entering text. In PDU mode, only
hexadecimal characters are used (‘0’…’9’,’A’…’F’).
Both 1.8V and 3.0V SIM Cards are supported. The SIM Syntax :
interface is powered from an internal regulator in the Command syntax in PDU mode : AT+CMGS= <length>
module having nominal voltage 2.8V. All pins reset as <CR> PDU is entered <ctrl-Z / ESC >
outputs driving low.

You can use AT Commands "AT" meaning attention , to

communicate with the SIM card. The SIM interface
supports the functionality of the GSM Phase 1
specification and also supports the functionality of the
new GSM Phase 2+ specification for FAST 64 kbps SIM
(intended for use with a SIM application Tool-kit).

The "AT" or "at" prefix must be set at the beginning of The message reference, <mr>, which is returned to the
each command line. application is allocated by the product. This number
To terminate a command line enter <CR>. begins with 0 and is incremented by one for each
Commands are usually followed by a response that outgoing message (successful and failure cases); it is
includes ”<CR><LF><response><CR><LF>”. cyclic on one byte (0 follows 255).
2. Few Worked Examples Command to send SMS
1. Commands in detail AT+CMGS="9876543210"
> HI
1. Manufacturer identification +CGMI Description: +CMGS: 9 OK
This command gives the manufacturer identification.
Syntax: at+cpin? // To check network connectivity
Command syntax: AT+CGMI +CPIN: READY

AT+COPS?
+COPS: 0,0,"Hutch-Kamataka"

AT&F // To store Factory default OK

// Use the next 2 commands if we face any problem to
send and receive SMS.
// If we type SMS send command, then error comes.
// If we enable in SMS receive command, then the SMS
2. New message indication +CNMI Description: received will be in
This command selects the procedure for message numbers and alphabets format. AT+CMGF=1
reception from the network. OK AT+CMGR=1
Syntax: +CMGR: "REC
Command syntax: READ","+919876543210",,"10/03/08,17:48:53+22"
AT+CNMI=<mode>,<mt>,<bm>,<ds>,<bfr> Ok

Command to set in receive mode

AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0 OK

+CMT: "+919876543210",,"10/05/12,08:18:40+22" //
Total 45 characters SYSTEM STARTS

AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0 OK

+CMT: "+919876543210",,"09/12/25,23:44:42+22"
Hello
3.1.6 Power Supply Circuit Circuit Diagram: How the Buzzer Works:
For a better understanding of the buzzer’s operation, look
at the circuit diagram.

Circuit Diagram:

Fig.12. Power supply ckt.

The operation of power supply circuits built using filters,

rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an
AC voltage, a steady DC voltage is obtained by rectifying
the AC voltage, Then filtering to a DC level, and finally,
regulating to obtain a desired fixed DC voltage. The
regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage
regulator Unit, which takes a DC voltage and provides a
somewhat lower DC voltage, Which remains the same Fig .14. Buzzer ckt.
even if the input DC voltage varies, or the output Load
connected to the DC voltage changes. Instantly, current shoots downward to the brass contactor
screw. Since the screw is touching the vibrator arm, the
cur- rent continues on its way into the coil. Out of the
coil it streaks past the closed code key and back to the
battery.
As in the electric pencil, this flow of current creates a
magnetic field around the iron bolt. Having become an
electro- magnet, the bolt attracts the vibrator arm. But as
the arm starts to swing toward the bolt, it opens the
circuit. Hence, the current stops. As a result, the
magnetic field collapses, allowing the vibrator arm to
spring back against the contactor. With the circuit now
restored, current starts flowing again and the cycle starts
a new. No matter how quickly we press and release the
code key, the current will still make hundreds of round
Fig.13. Power Supply.
trips through the circuit. And because of the resulting
rapid motions of the vibrator arm, a buzzing sound is
3.1.7 Buzzer
heard. Not only is the code set fun to build, but it is even
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which
more fun to use, especially with a fellow operator. So that
may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric
both of you can send as well as receive messages, you
(piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers
will want to build two identical sets of buzzers and code
include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user
keys. They’re really not hard to make.
input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
3.1.8 Exhaust Fan
Exhaust fans in the home are very beneficial for
maintaining ideal temperature and air quality. Kitchen,
bathroom, or whole home systems improve ventilation,
letting out the bad to better the indoor environment.
Learn how they work, their benefits, and exhaust fan
options for your home.

Exhaust fans are used to pull excess moisture and

unwanted odors out of a particular room or area. They
are commonly found in bathrooms and kitchens, where
moisture can build up due to activities such as showering, shaft, the greater the distance the lesser the weight
washing, or cooking. They provide ventilation to areas, carrying capacity.
reducing chemical fume buildup and removing other
contaminants that can be harmful when breathed The position of a servo motor is decided by electrical
pulse and its circuitry is placed beside the motor.

It consists of three parts:

Controlled device Output sensor Feedback system
It is a closed loop system where it uses positive feedback
system to control motion and final position of the shaft.
Here the device is controlled by a feedback signal
generated by comparing output signal and reference input
signal.
Working principle of Servo Motors
A servo consists of a Motor (DC or AC), a potentiometer,
gear assembly and a controlling circuit. First of all we
use gear assembly to reduce RPM and to increase torque
of motor. Say at initial position of servo motor shaft, the
position of the potentiometer knob is such that there is no
electrical signal generated at the output port of the
potentiometer. Now an electrical signal is given to
How the Buzzer Works: another input terminal of the error detector amplifier.
For a better understanding of the buzzer’s operation, look Now difference between these two signals, one comes
at the circuit diagram. from potentiometer and another comes from other source,
will be processed in feedback mechanism and output will
be provided in term of error signal. This error signal acts
as the input for motor and motor starts rotating. Now
motor shaft is connected with potentiometer and as motor
rotates so the potentiometer and it will generate a signal.
So as the potentiometer’s angular position changes, its
output feedback signal changes. After sometime the
position of potentiometer reaches at a position that the
output of potentiometer is same as external signal
provided. At this condition, there will be no output signal
from the amplifier to the motor input as there is no
difference between external applied signal and the signal
Fig.15. Servo motor. generated at potentiometer, and in this situation motor
stops rotating.

3.1.9 Servo Motor 3.2 Software Requirements

A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or We use the following software requirements: Coding
rotate an object with great precision. If you want to rotate Language: C/C++
and object at some specific angles or distance, then you IDE: Arduino
use servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which
run through servo mechanism. If motor is used is DC Operating System: Windows 7 and above
powered then it is called DC servo motor, and if it is AC
powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. We can 3.2.1. Arduino IDE
get a very high torque servo motor in a small and light The Arduino Integrated Development Environment
weight packages. Doe to these features they are being (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for Windows,
used in many applications like toy car, RC helicopters macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and
and planes, Robotics, Machine etc. C++. The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from
the Wiring project, which provides many common input
Servo motors are rated in kg/cm (kilogram per and output procedures. The Arduino Integrated
centimetre) most hobby servo motors are rated at 3kg/cm Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform
or 6kg/cm or 12kg/cm. This kg/cm tells you how much application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written
weight your servo motor can lift at a particular distance. in functions from C and C++. It is used to write and
For example: A 6kg/cm Servo motor should be able to lift upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also,
6kg if the load is suspended 1cm away from the motors with the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor
development boards. The source code for the IDE is stakeholders, business analysts, data analysts and
released under the GNU General Public License, version. developers.
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++
using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino IDE DFD Level 1 provides a more detailed breakout of pieces
supplies a software library from the Wiring project, of the Context Level Diagram. You will highlight the
which provides many common input and output main functions carried out by the system, as you break
procedures. User-written code only requires two basic down the high-level process of the Context Diagram into
functions, for starting the sketch and the main program its subprocesses.
loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub DFD Level 2 then goes one step deeper into parts of
Level 1. It may require more text to reach the necessary
main() into an executable cyclic executive program with level of detail about the system’s functioning.
the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE
distribution.The Arduino IDE employs the program
avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in
hexadecimal encoding that is loaded into the Arduino
board by a loader program in the board's firmware.By
default, avrdude is used as the uploading tool to flash the
user code onto official Arduino boards]. With the rising
popularity of Arduino as a software platform, other
vendors started to implement custom open source
compilers & tools (cores) that can build and upload
sketches to other MCUs that are not supported by
Arduino's official line of MCUs. In October 2019 the Fig.16. DFD.
Arduino organization began providing early access to a
new Arduino Pro IDE with debugging and other 1. Data Flow diagram at 0th level
advanced feature. The user starts the system by connecting to a hotspot or a
wifi connection. The sensor will sense or detect the gas
IV. DATAFLOW DIAGRAM value in the atmosphere and based on that , it is decided
whether the environment is safe or not and accordingly a
A data flow diagram (DFD) maps out the flow of message will be sent.
information for any process or system. It uses defined
symbols like rectangles, circles and arrows, plus short
text labels, to show data inputs, outputs, storage points
and the routes between each destination. Data flowcharts
can range from simple, even hand-drawn process
overviews, to in-depth, multi-level DFDs that dig
progressively deeper into how the data is handled.

• Each process should have at least one input and an

output.
• Each data store should have at least one data flow in
and one data flow out.
• Data stored in a system must go through a process.
• All processes in a DFD go to another process or a
data store.

A data flow diagram can dive into progressively more

detail by using levels and layers, zeroing in on a
particular piece. DFD levels are numbered 0, 1 or 2, and
occasionally go to even Level 3 or beyond.

DFD Level 0 is also called a Context Diagram. It’s a

basic overview of the whole system or process being
analyzed or modeled. It’s designed to be an at-a-glance
view, showing the system as a single high-level process,
with its relationship to external entities. It should be
easily understood by a wide audience, including Fig .17. Flow Chart.
2. Data Flow Diagram at 1st Level The system alerts and responds quickly in case of leakage
The proposed system after connecting to the internet, with help of alerting and by
send a message to the user saying that the system is sending SMS to concerned authority.
activated and is ready to perform. The MQ6 sensor
detects the gas value in the atmosphere and send the VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
details to the Node MCU which will further send the
details to the LCD screen which will display the gas The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the
content in the atmosphere at all the times. This successful completion of any task will be incomplete
information is also forwarded to the cloud which is without the mention of the individuals, we are greatly
updated in the app. A certain threshold value will be set, indebted to,who through guidance and providing facilities
if the calculated value is lesser than the threshold value have served as a beacon of light and crowned our efforts
then the system does not perform any action, and with success. First and foremost, our sincere prayer goes
continues to sense the gas value in the atmosphere. If the to almighty, whose grace made us realize our objective
calculated value is greater than the threshold value, then and conceive this project. We take pleasure in expressing
the Node MCU will inform the buzzer to ring and the our profound sense of gratitude to our parents for helping
exhaust fan to be turned on and the servo motor to rotate us complete our project work successfully. We take this
which will cause the knob to be turned off. A message opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our
will be sent to the concerned user regarding the gas leak. college
K.S. Institute of Technology, Bengaluru for providing the
V. RESULT environment to work on our project. We would like to
express our gratitude to our MANAGEMENT, K.S.
The result of this project is determined by using a lighter Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for providing a very
to collect leaked gas around the gas sensor,after sensing good infrastructure and all the kindness forwarded to us
procedure if sensor value is greater than the threshold in carrying out this project work in college. We would
value then micro- like to express our gratitude to Dr. K.V.A Balaji,
controller will perform its programmed tasks : CEO,
K.S. Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for his valuable
Immediately turn off the regulator knob to stop further guidance. We would like to express our gratitude to
leakage. Dr.T.V.Govindaraju, Principal/Director, K.S. Institute of
Technology, Bengaluru, for his continuous support. We
After detecting the gas leakage, the relay will cut off the like to extend our gratitude to Dr. Rekha.B.Venkatapur,
main power supply to prevent any further accidents. Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, for providing a very good facilities and all
Buzzer starts beeping and a message is displayed on lcd to the support forwarded to us in carrying out this project
alert the nearby people. work successfully. We also like to thank our Project
Coordinators, Mr. K Venkata Rao, Associate Professor,
The exhaust fan will fan out all enclosed gas from the Mrs. Vaneeta M, Associate Professor, Mr.
environment. Raghavendrachar S, Asst. Professor, Mr. Aditya Pai H,
Asst. Professor, and Mrs. Sneha K, Asst. Professor,
The gsm module is used to send message to the concerned Department of Computer Science & Engineering for their
user via sms when the leakage is detected . help and support provided to carry out the project and
complete it successfully. Also, we are thankful to Mr.
The wi-fi module updates the information to the cloud. Sanjoy Das, Designation, for being our Project Guide,
under whose able guidance this project work has been
The user can get to know the gas values and status of the carried out.
system through the app and also control of the power
supply can be done manually by the user through the app. REFERENCES
VI. CONCLUSION [1]. Gayathri S Nair, Anandhakrishnan S, Deepesh Nair,
Rakesh K, Sampath K, -”IOT Based Smart Gas
This paper aimed at monitoring and detection system to Monitoring System”.
meet the safety standards and to avoid free accidents due [2]. Ashish Shrivastava, Ratnesh Prabhaker, Rajeev
to the leakage. The system detects gas int the atmosphere Kumar and Rahul Verma, GSM- based gas leakage
and will be continuously update and display the gas value, GSM detection system,
the value can be seen by the user through the mobile app [3]. Tarun Joseph, Kirti Tyagi, Dr. Y.S. Rao “Portable
easily.This system provides a quick response rate and the gas Detection Device With Warning System “ .
diffusion of the critical situation can be made faster than
the manual methods.
[4]. Asmita Verma , Prabhakr S, Kayyalvizhi Jayavel
“Gas Leakage Detection and Smart Alerting and
Prediction using IoT.
[5]. Michael Barr. "Embedded Systems Glossary".
Neutrino Technical Library. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
[6]. Heath, Steve (2003). Embedded systems design.
EDN series for design engineers (2 Ed.).Newness. p.
2. ISBN 978-0-7506-5546-0. An embedded system is
a microprocessor-based system that is built to control
a function or a range of functions.
[7]. Brown, Eric (13 September 2016). "Who Needs the
Internet of Things?". Linux.com. Retrieved 23
October 2016.
[8]. "Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative". ITU.
[9]. Retrieved 26 June 2015
[10]. Gayathri S Nair, Anandhakrishnan S, Deepesh Nair,
Rakesh K, Sampath K, -”IOT Based Smart Gas
Monitoring System” e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN:
2320- 3331, PP 82-87, IOSR Journal of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE).
[11]. Ashish Shrivastava, Ratnesh Prabhaker, Rajeev
Kumar and Rahul Verma, GSM-based gas leakage
GSM detection system, www.ijtra.com, International
Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-
ISSN: 2320-8163, 2013.
[12]. Prof.M.Amsaveni, A.Anurupa, R.S.Anu Preetha,
C.Malarvizhi, M.Gunasekaran, GSM-based LPG
leakage detection and controlling system, The
International Journal Of Engineering And Science
(IJES) ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805,
March 2015.
[13]. A Review of Microcontroller based LPG Gas
Leakage Detector, Vasudev Yadav, Akhilesh Shukla,
Sofiya Bandra, Vipin Kumar, Ubais Ansari, Suraj
Khanna Journal of VLSI Design and Signal
Processing Volume 2 Issue 3.
[14]. Zhao Yang, Mingliang Liu, Min Shao, Yingjie Ji
Research on leakage detection and analysis of
leakage Point in the gas pipeline system. In Open
Journal of Safety Science and Technology; 2011.
[15]. S Shyamaladevi, V G Rajaramya, P Rajasekar, P
Sebastian Ashok. ARM7 based automated high
performance System for LPG refill booking &
Leakage detection. 2014.