The process began by storing a list of all Premier League players in a dataframe with

three primary columns: the player's name, team, and position.

The results from the first 20 gameweeks (approximately half of the season) were
stored, and these results were then used to calculate the ELO ratings for all 20
teams.

The ELO ratings were compared with the global points standings.

It was observed that for both top-performing and bottom-performing teams, the
ELO rating system closely mirrored the global standings. This suggested that
predicting the performance of the highest and lowest-ranking teams was relatively
easier and more accurate. The challenge, however, lay in predicting the
performance of middle-ranking teams.

Additionally, away and home statistics were collected, and four distinct scores were
calculated:

●​ Home scoring rate

Here are the away stats for the teams:

Liverpool (LIV) has played 11 games, winning 8, drawing 3, and losing 0, with a goal
difference of 18 and a goals tally of 30:12. In their last 5 matches, they recorded 3
wins, 1 draw, and 1 loss, earning 27 points. Nottingham Forest (NFO) has also played
11 games, with 7 wins, 2 draws, and 2 losses, a goal difference of 6, and a 18:12 goals
record. They are on a 4-match winning streak and have 23 points. Chelsea (CHE) has
11 games, with 6 wins, 3 draws, and 2 losses, a goal difference of 11, and 24:13 goals.
Their recent form includes 2 wins, 2 draws, and 1 loss, giving them 21 points.
Arsenal (ARS) has 11 games with 5 wins, 4 draws, and 2 losses, a goal difference of 9,
and a goals record of 21:12. Their last 5 matches feature 3 wins, 1 draw, and 1 loss,
adding up to 19 points. Bournemouth (BOU) has 12 games, with 5 wins, 4 draws, and
3 losses, a goal difference of 5, and 24:19 goals. Their recent form shows 2 wins, 2
draws, and 1 loss, totaling 19 points. Brighton (BHA) has played 12 games, winning 5,
drawing 4, and losing 3, with a goal difference of 4 and a goals tally of 21:17. Their
last 5 results include 2 wins and 3 draws, earning them 19 points. Manchester City
(MCI) has 12 games, with 5 wins, 3 draws, and 4 losses, a goal difference of 7, and a
goals record of 22:15. Their form includes 1 win, 2 losses, and 2 draws, giving them
18 points. Newcastle (NEW) has 11 games, with 5 wins, 3 draws, and 3 losses, a goal
difference of 5, and 19:14 goals. Their recent form includes 3 wins, 1 draw, and 1 loss,
adding up to 18 points. Crystal Palace (CRY) has 11 games, with 4 wins, 4 draws, and
3 losses, a goal difference of 4, and 15:11 goals. They have won 4 of their last 5
matches, earning 16 points. Fulham (FUL) has 11 games, winning 4, drawing 4, and
losing 3, with a goal difference of 3 and a 16:13 goals record. Their form includes 2
wins, 2 draws, and 1 loss, adding up to 16 points. Aston Villa (AVL) has 11 games, with
4 wins, 2 draws, and 5 losses, a goal difference of -7, and a 14:21 goals record. Their
recent form shows 1 win, 2 losses, and 2 draws, totaling 14 points. West Ham (WHU)
has 10 games, with 3 wins, 3 draws, and 4 losses, a goal difference of -6, and 11:17
goals. Their last 5 matches show 1 win, 2 draws, and 2 losses, adding up to 12 points.
Tottenham (TOT) has 11 games, with 3 wins, 1 draw, and 7 losses, a goal difference of
5, and a 19:14 goals record. Their form includes 1 win, 1 draw, and 3 losses, giving
them 10 points. Manchester United (MUN) has 10 games, winning 2, drawing 4, and
losing 4, with a goal difference of -2 and a 10:12 goals record. Their recent form
shows 1 win, 2 draws, and 2 losses, earning 10 points. Ipswich (IPS) has 10 games,
with 2 wins, 3 draws, and 5 losses, a goal difference of -7, and a 12:19 goals tally.
Their form includes 2 wins, 2 losses, and 1 draw, giving them 9 points. Wolves (WOL)
has 11 games, with 2 wins, 3 draws, and 6 losses, a goal difference of -8, and a 17:25
goals record. Their recent form includes 1 win, 2 losses, and 2 draws, earning 9
points. Everton (EVE) has 10 games, with 1 win, 4 draws, and 5 losses, a goal
difference of -9, and a 6:15 goals tally. Their last 5 matches show 1 draw and 4
losses, totaling 7 points. Brentford (BRE) has 10 games, with 1 win, 2 draws, and 7
losses, a goal difference of -5, and 11:16 goals. Their form includes 1 win, 3 losses,
and 1 draw, giving them 5 points. Leicester (LEI) has 10 games, with 1 win, 2 draws,
and 7 losses, a goal difference of -15, and 12:27 goals. Their form shows 5
consecutive losses, earning 5 points. Southampton (SOU) has 12 games, with no
wins, 2 draws, and 10 losses, a goal difference of -15, and a 8:23 goals record. Their
recent form includes 1 draw and 4 losses, giving them just 2 points.

Home stats :

Here are the home stats for the teams:

Arsenal (ARS) has played 11 home games, winning 7, drawing 4, and losing 0, with a goal
difference of 13 and a goals tally of 22:9. Their recent form includes 3 wins, 1 draw, and 1
loss, totaling 25 points. Liverpool (LIV) has 10 home games, with 7 wins, 2 draws, and 1 loss, a
goal difference of 12, and 20:8 goals. Their last 5 matches feature 3 wins, 1 draw, and 1 loss,
adding up to 23 points. Brentford (BRE) has 12 home games, winning 7, drawing 2, and losing
3, with a goal difference of 6, and a 29:23 goals record. Their form shows 1 win, 2 losses, and
2 draws, earning 23 points. Aston Villa (AVL) has 11 home games, with 6 wins, 4 draws, and 1
loss, a goal difference of 6, and 19:13 goals. Their last 5 matches include 3 wins, 1 draw, and 1
loss, giving them 22 points. Nottingham Forest (NFO) has 11 home games, with 6 wins, 3
draws, and 2 losses, a goal difference of 5, and a 15:10 goals record. Their recent form shows
4 wins, 1 draw, and 0 losses, earning them 21 points. Manchester City (MCI) has 10 home
games, winning 6, drawing 2, and losing 2, with a goal difference of 7, and a 21:14 goals
record. Their form includes 2 wins, 2 losses, and 1 draw, giving them 20 points. Newcastle
(NEW) has 11 home games, with 6 wins, 2 draws, and 3 losses, a goal difference of 7, and 19:12
goals. Their recent form includes 3 wins, 1 loss, and 1 draw, adding up to 20 points.
Bournemouth (BOU) has 10 home games, winning 5, drawing 3, and losing 2, with a goal
difference of 5, and 12:7 goals. Their last 5 matches include 2 wins, 2 draws, and 1 loss,
earning them 18 points. Fulham (FUL) has 11 home games, with 4 wins, 5 draws, and 2 losses,
a goal difference of 1, and 18:17 goals. Their recent form shows 1 win, 3 draws, and 1 loss,
totaling 17 points. Chelsea (CHE) has 10 home games, winning 4, drawing 4, and losing 2,
with a goal difference of 4, and 17:13 goals. Their form includes 2 wins, 2 draws, and 1 loss,
giving them 16 points. Manchester United (MUN) has 12 home games, with 5 wins, 1 draw,
and 6 losses, a goal difference of -3, and 17:20 goals. Their last 5 matches include 1 win, 3
losses, and 1 draw, earning them 16 points. Brighton (BHA) has 10 home games, winning 3,
drawing 6, and losing 1, with a goal difference of 1, and 14:13 goals. Their recent form shows 1
win, 2 losses, and 2 draws, adding up to 15 points. Tottenham (TOT) has 11 home games, with
4 wins, 2 draws, and 5 losses, a goal difference of 5, and 26:21 goals. Their form includes 1
win, 3 losses, and 1 draw, giving them 14 points. West Ham (WHU) has 12 home games, with 4
wins, 2 draws, and 6 losses, a goal difference of -10, and 16:26 goals. Their recent form
includes 2 wins, 2 losses, and 1 draw, earning them 14 points. Everton (EVE) has 11 home
games, with 3 wins, 4 draws, and 4 losses, a goal difference of -1, and 12:13 goals. Their last 5
matches include 1 win, 2 losses, and 2 draws, giving them 13 points. Crystal Palace (CRY) has
11 home games, winning 2, drawing 5, and losing 4, with a goal difference of -7, and 10:17
goals. Their recent form includes 1 win, 3 losses, and 1 draw, adding up to 11 points. Leicester
(LEI) has 12 home games, with 2 wins, 3 draws, and 7 losses, a goal difference of -10, and
11:21 goals. Their form includes 4 consecutive losses, earning them 9 points. Wolves (WOL)
has 10 home games, with 2 wins, 1 draw, and 7 losses, a goal difference of -9, and 14:23
goals. Their recent form shows 1 win, 3 losses, and 1 draw, earning them 7 points. Ipswich
(IPS) has 12 home games, with 1 win, 4 draws, and 7 losses, a goal difference of -15, and 8:23
goals. Their last 5 matches show 1 win, 3 losses, and 1 draw, giving them 7 points.
Southampton (SOU) has 10 home games, with 1 win, 1 draw, and 8 losses, a goal difference of
-20, and 7:27 goals. Their recent form includes 5 consecutive losses, earning just 4 points.

Metrics :

Here are the metrics for the teams:

Arsenal (ARS) has a home scoring rate of 2.00, a home conceding rate of 0.82, an away
scoring rate of 1.91, and an away conceding rate of 1.09, with an ELO rating of 1599.96.
Liverpool (LIV) has a home scoring rate of 2.00, a home conceding rate of 0.80, an away
scoring rate of 2.73, and an away conceding rate of 1.09, with an ELO rating of 1631.82.
Brentford (BRE) has a home scoring rate of 2.42, a home conceding rate of 1.92, an away
scoring rate of 1.10, and an away conceding rate of 1.60, with an ELO rating of 1484.64.
Aston Villa (AVL) has a home scoring rate of 1.73, a home conceding rate of 1.18, an away
scoring rate of 1.27, and an away conceding rate of 1.91, with an ELO rating of 1503.84.
Nottingham Forest (NFO) has a home scoring rate of 1.36, a home conceding rate of 0.91, an
away scoring rate of 1.64, and an away conceding rate of 1.09, with an ELO rating of 1584.39.
Manchester City (MCI) has a home scoring rate of 2.10, a home conceding rate of 1.40, an
away scoring rate of 1.83, and an away conceding rate of 1.25, with an ELO rating of 1551.78.
Newcastle (NEW) has a home scoring rate of 1.73, a home conceding rate of 1.09, an away
scoring rate of 1.73, and an away conceding rate of 1.27, with an ELO rating of 1560.93.
Bournemouth (BOU) has a home scoring rate of 1.20, a home conceding rate of 0.70, an away
scoring rate of 2.00, and an away conceding rate of 1.58, with an ELO rating of 1547.94.
Fulham (FUL) has a home scoring rate of 1.64, a home conceding rate of 1.55, an away
scoring rate of 1.45, and an away conceding rate of 1.18, with an ELO rating of 1520.91.
Chelsea (CHE) has a home scoring rate of 1.70, a home conceding rate of 1.30, an away
scoring rate of 2.18, and an away conceding rate of 1.18, with an ELO rating of 1532.10.
Manchester United (MUN) has a home scoring rate of 1.42, a home conceding rate of 1.67, an
away scoring rate of 1.00, and an away conceding rate of 1.20, with an ELO rating of 1468.47.
Brighton (BHA) has a home scoring rate of 1.40, a home conceding rate of 1.30, an away
scoring rate of 1.75, and an away conceding rate of 1.42, with an ELO rating of 1539.09.
Tottenham (TOT) has a home scoring rate of 2.36, a home conceding rate of 1.91, an away
scoring rate of 1.73, and an away conceding rate of 1.27, with an ELO rating of 1478.40. West
Ham (WHU) has a home scoring rate of 1.33, a home conceding rate of 2.17, an away scoring
rate of 1.10, and an away conceding rate of 1.70, with an ELO rating of 1460.91. Everton (EVE)
has a home scoring rate of 1.09, a home conceding rate of 1.18, an away scoring rate of 0.60,
and an away conceding rate of 1.50, with an ELO rating of 1453.74. Crystal Palace (CRY) has
a home scoring rate of 0.91, a home conceding rate of 1.55, an away scoring rate of 1.36, and
an away conceding rate of 1.00, with an ELO rating of 1474.71. Leicester (LEI) has a home
scoring rate of 0.92, a home conceding rate of 1.75, an away scoring rate of 1.20, and an
away conceding rate of 2.70, with an ELO rating of 1394.85. Wolves (WOL) has a home
scoring rate of 1.40, a home conceding rate of 2.30, an away scoring rate of 1.55, and an
away conceding rate of 2.27, with an ELO rating of 1437.51. Ipswich (IPS) has a home scoring
rate of 0.67, a home conceding rate of 1.92, an away scoring rate of 1.20, and an away
conceding rate of 1.90, with an ELO rating of 1425.66. Southampton (SOU) has a home
scoring rate of 0.70, a home conceding rate of 2.70, an away scoring rate of 0.67, and an
away conceding rate of 1.92, with an ELO rating of 1348.35.

Exceptional players :

As of January 2025, several players have been standout performers in the Premier League.
Mohamed Salah of Liverpool leads the way with 18 goals, continuing his reputation as one of
the league's top finishers. Manchester City's Erling Haaland follows closely wit h 17 goals,
further solidifying his status as one of the most prolific strikers in Europe. Alexander Isak of
Newcastle United has also been exceptional, with 15 goals in 20 appearances, earning
recognition as one of the top strikers of the season. Chelsea's Cole Palmer is a rising star,
contributing significantly to his team's attack with 14 goals. Additionally, Bryan Mbeumo
from Brentford has impressed with 13 goals, playing a crucial role in his team's offensive
efforts. These players have showcased exceptional skill and consistency, making them some
of the top-performing individuals in the Premier League.

As of January 23, 2025, in the Premier League, Southampton leads with the most yellow
cards, having accumulated 65 yellow cards, followed by Chelsea with 36 and
Wolverhampton Wanderers with 29. Brentford has the fewest yellow cards, with only 33. In
terms of red cards, Arsenal, Southampton, and West Ham United are tied with the most red
cards, each receiving 3. Meanwhile, AFC Bournemouth and Leicester City have yet to
receive any red cards this season. Notably, Chelsea has faced significant fines for
accumulating six yellow cards in three separate matches, becoming the first Premier
League team to do so. Despite the high number of red cards, Arsenal receives a booking
every 5.39 fouls, which suggests more lenient refereeing compared to other teams.
Historically, Everton holds the record for the most red cards in the Premier League with
107, while Chelsea has accumulated the most yellow cards in total, with 1,982.

Clean Sheets:
Matz Sels of Nottingham Forest leads the clean sheets ranking with 9 clean sheets.
Following him are Jordan Pickford of Everton and David Raya of Arsenal, both tied with 7
clean sheets. Dean Henderson of Crystal Palace and André Onana of Manchester United
are tied in fourth place, each with 6 clean sheets. Alisson of Liverpool and Martin Dúbravka
of Newcastle United are tied in sixth place, both having kept 5 clean sheets. In eighth
place, Kepa Arrizabalaga of Bournemouth, Bernd Leno of Fulham, Robert Sánchez of
Chelsea, and Bart Verbruggen of Brighton & Hove all share 4 clean sheets.

Goals Scored:

Mohamed Salah of Liverpool is the top scorer with 18 goals, closely followed by Erling
Haaland of Manchester City, who has 17 goals. Alexander Isak of Newcastle United ranks
third with 15 goals, while both Cole Palmer of Chelsea and Chris Wood of Nottingham
Forest are tied for fourth with 14 goals each. Bryan Mbeumo of Brentford sits in sixth place
with 13 goals. Yoane Wissa of Brentford has 11 goals, ranking seventh, and in eighth place,
Matheus Cunha of Wolverhampton, Justin Kluivert of Bournemouth, and Ollie Watkins of
Aston Villa each have 10 goals.

As of January 23, 2025, Arsenal has conceded 21 goals in 22 matches, while Liverpool has
conceded 20 goals in 21 matches. These teams are among several Premier League clubs
that have undergone managerial changes and player transfers, reflecting ongoing efforts
to strengthen their squads and improve performance.

Notable Player Transfers and managers changes:

As of January 2025, several Premier League clubs have undergone managerial changes
and player movements. Manchester United saw Erik ten Hag sacked on October 28, 2024,
with Ruud van Nistelrooy briefly stepping in as interim manager before Ruben Amorim took
over on November 11, 2024. Leicester City appointed Ruud van Nistelrooy as their new
manager on December 1, 2024, following the sacking of Steve Cooper. Wolverhampton
Wanderers replaced Gary O'Neil with Vítor Pereira on December 19, 2024, after O'Neil's
sacking. Southampton appointed Ivan Jurić on December 22, 2024, after Russell Martin
was sacked, while West Ham United hired Graham Potter on January 9, 2025, after sacking
Julen Lopetegui. Everton made a managerial change with David Moyes replacing Sean
Dyche on January 11, 2025, following Dyche's sacking. In terms of player movements,
Manchester City made key signings with Vítor Reis from Palmeiras and Abdukodir
Khusanov, while Kyle Walker is preparing to leave the club. Brentford's Yoane Wissa is the
subject of a £22 million bid from Nottingham Forest, though it was rejected. Meanwhile,
Manchester United faces potential departures, with Alejandro Garnacho linked to Napoli
and Marcus Rashford attracting interest from Barcelona, AC Milan, and Borussia
Dortmund. These changes reflect the dynamic nature of the Premier League as clubs aim
to strengthen their squads and improve performance.
As of January 23, 2025, the Premier League's "Big Six"—Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool,
Manchester City, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur—have exhibited varied
performances. Liverpool has maintained an unbeaten record against fellow top-six teams,
showcasing resilience and consistency. Despite a strong start, Arsenal has faced challenges
in recent matches, impacting their position in the league. Manchester City has experienced
fluctuations in form, leading to unexpected results and affecting their standing. Under
manager Ruben Amorim, Manchester United has struggled, with recent losses highlighting
areas for improvement. Chelsea, after a period of inconsistency, has shown signs of
resurgence, contributing to a more stable performance. Tottenham Hotspur, facing a
challenging period, has encountered difficulties, leading to speculation about managerial
changes. Among surprising teams, Newcastle United has been a revelation under Eddie
Howe, securing four wins in their last five games and equaling a club record with nine
consecutive wins in all competitions. Nottingham Forest has emerged as strong contenders,
challenging traditional expectations. Aston Villa, building on momentum from the previous
season, has positioned itself as a formidable force, aiming for European competition spots.
These developments underscore the dynamic nature of the Premier League, where
traditional powerhouses face challenges, and emerging teams make significant strides.

As of January 23, 2025, AFC Bournemouth has been a standout team in the Premier League
under manager Andoni Iraola. The team is on an impressive 10-match unbeaten streak,
including notable victories over high-profile clubs such as Arsenal, Manchester City,
Tottenham Hotspur, and Manchester United. This remarkable run has propelled
Bournemouth to sixth place in the league, positioning them as strong contenders for
European competition spots. A key contributor to their success is left-back Milos Kerkez,
who has been instrumental in their defensive solidity and attacking transitions. Despite
interest from Premier League giants Liverpool and Manchester United, Bournemouth is
determined to retain Kerkez, emphasizing his importance to their current and future
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