Q1) Define work.

Solution:
When force is applied on a body and there is displacement of the body, work is said to be
done.
Q2) When does a force perform work?
Solution:
Work is said to be done when the applied force makes the body move (i.e. there is a
displacement of the body).
Q3) State two conditions when no work is done by a force.
• Solution

Solution:
Two conditions when no work is done by force are:
(i) There is no displacement of the body, i.e. S = 0
(ii) The displacement is Normal to the direction of force, i.e. θ = 90 degree

Q4) In which of the following cases is work being done:

(a) A boy pushing a rock
(b) A boy climbing up the stairs
(c) A coolie standing with a box in his head
(d) A girl moving on the road.
Solution:
(b) A boy climbing up the stairs
(d) A girl moving on the road.

Q5) A coolie is moving on a road with a luggage on his head. Does he perform work against
the force of gravity? Give reasons for your answer.
Solution:
A coolie carrying a luggage on his head moving on ground does no work against the force of
gravity as displacement is normal to the direction of force of gravity.

Q6) The moon is revolving around the earth in a circular path. How much work is done by
the moon?
Solution:
When the moon revolves around the earth, the displacement is normal to the direction of
force on the moon. Therefore no work is done by the moon.

Q7) Write the expression for work done by a force.

Solution:
Work done by applying force F is the product of force applied on the body and the distance
moved by the body in the direction of force
Work done = Force \times× Distance moved in the direction of force.
W=F ×D
Q8) State the S.I. unit of work and define it.
Solution:
S.I. unit of work is Joule.
Work done when a force of 1 Newton displaces the body through a distance of 1 metre in
the direction of force.
Q9) State two factors on which the work done on a body depends
Solution:
Two factors on which the work done on a body depends are:
(i) Magnitude of force applied (F)
(ii) Distance moved by the body in the direction of force (d) or displacement (S)

Q10) Define the term energy.

Solution:
The capacity of doing work is called Energy.

Q11) State the S.I. unit of energy.

Solution:
S.I. unit of energy is Joule (J)

Q12) Define 1 Joule of energy.

Solution:
1 Joule of energy is the capacity of a body to work of 1 Joule irrespective of time taken.

Q13) How is work related to energy?

Solution:
Energy is the capacity of doing work, every form of energy is work. Work done on the body
is stored in the form of energy.
To do more work, more energy is required.

Q14) What are two kinds of mechanical energy?

Solution:
The two kinds of mechanical energy are:
(i) Potential energy
(ii) Kinetic energy

Q15) What is potential energy? State its unit.

Solution:
The energy possessed by a body due to its position above the ground or change in state.
Unit of P.E. = Joule
Q16) Give one example of a body that has potential energy in each of the following
(a) Due to its position at a height.
(b) due to its elongated stretched state.
Solution:
(a) Water at a height has potential energy stored in it. Falling water from a height can be
used to do work like turning a wheel.
(b) A stretched rubber band (elongated state) has potential energy. It does work in
restoring itself to its original state. A pebble placed on the stretched rubber catapult, is
thrown away when the catapult is released to restore its original state.

Q17) State two factors on which the potential energy of a body at a certain height above
the ground depends.
Solution:
Potential energy = mgh
g is constant.
So, two factors on which P.E. depends:
(i) Mass
(ii) Height above the ground

Q18) Two bodies A and B of masses 10 kg and 20 kg respectively are at the same height
above the ground. Which of the two has greater potential energy?
Solution:
We know that, PE = mgh
Height of body A and B is same and g is constant, hence the body with greater mass i.e.
Body B has greater potential energy.

Q19) A bucket full of water is on the first floor of your house and another identical bucket
with same quantity of water is kept on the second floor. Which of the two has greater
potential energy?
Solution:
We know that, PE = mgh
As ‘g’ is constant in both cases and quantity of water is the same in both cases. PE depends
on height, the height of the second bucket is greater as it is on the second floor, hence the
second bucket has greater PE.

Q20) Write the expression for gravitational potential energy explaining the meaning of the
symbols used.
Solution:
Expression for gravitational potential energy = U = mgh
g is acceleration due to gravity
mg is the force acting on body
h is the distance or height moved above the ground level.

Q21) A body of mass m is moved from ground to a height h. If force of gravity on mass of 1
kg is g newton,
(a) find the force needed to lift the body.
(b) find the work done in lifting the body
(c) find the potential energy stored in the body.
Solution:
(a) When a body of mass m at A on ground is raised above ground through height h at B,
force is applied.
Force applied = weight of body
Force on mass m = F = mg
‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity on a mass of 1 kg
(b) Work done = Force \times× displacement (distance)
W = mgh
(c) The work done is stored in body in the form of potential energy
P.E = mgh

Q22) Define the term kinetic energy. Give one example of a body which possesses kinetic
energy.
Solution:
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is called Kinetic Energy.
Example - A bullet moving at high speed has less mass, but possesses kinetic energy and can
penetrate the body.

Q23) State two factors on which the kinetic energy of a moving body depends.
Solution:
Kinetic energy of a moving body depends on:
(i) Mass of the body
(ii) Velocity of the body
same speed. Which of the two has greater kinetic energy?
Solution:
1
Kinetic energy = 2×mass×(𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)2
Since the speed of both the cars is same, hence the car with greater mass will possess
more kinetic energy.
Car B has more mass than Car A, hence the kinetic energy of car B is greater.

Q25) A cyclist doubles his speed. How will his kinetic energy change: increase, decrease or
remain the same?
Solution:
1
Kinetic energy = 2×mass×(𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)2
Since speed is doubled, its square will become 4 times.
Hence, kinetic energy increases by 4 times.

Q26) Name the form of energy stored in a wound up spring of a watch.

Solution:
Potential energy
Q27): Can a body possess energy even when it is not in motion? Explain your answer with an
example.
Solution:
Yes, a body can possess energy when it's not in motion.
For example - Water store in the dam is not in motion and possesses potential energy.

Q28) Name the type of energy (kinetic or potential) possessed by the following:
(a) A moving cricket ball
(b) A stone at rest on the top of a building
(c) A compressed spring
(d) A moving bus
(e) A bullet fired from a gun
(f) Water flowing in a river
(g) A stretched rubber band
• Solution

Solution:
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Potential energy
(d) Kinetic energy
(e) Kinetic energy
(f) Kinetic energy
(g) Potential energy

Q29) Give an example to show the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy when put
in use.
Solution:
A stretched bow has the potential energy because of its stretched position. When the
stretched bow is released, the potential energy of the bow changes into kinetic energy of
the arrow.

Q30) State the energy changes that occur in a watch spring while it unwinds.
Solution:
A wound up watch spring has potential energy stored in it, because it is wound up.
The spring unwinds itself, the potential energy changes into kinetic energy with which it
moves the hands of the watch.

Q31) Give reasons for the following:

(a) No work is done if a man is pushing against a wall.
(b) Hammer drives a nail into the wood only when it is lifted up and then struck.

(c) A horse and a dog are running with the same speed. Which one of them has more kinetic
energy than the other.
(d) A teacher moving around in the class is doing work but a child standing and reading a
book is not doing any work.
Solution:
(a) A wall does not move when pushed, hence the object is not moving. No work is done.
(b) When a hammer is lifted, the potential energy stored in it is used in driving the nail into
the wood.
(c) When a horse and a dog are running at the same speed. The animal having more mass will
have more kinetic energy. A horse has more mass than a dog, hence the kinetic energy of a
horse is more than the kinetic energy of a dog.
(d) A child reading a book while standing is not moving from its place i.e. displacement is
zero. Hence, no work is done by the child.

Q32) State the energy changes in the following while in use:

(a) An electric bulb
(b) An electric oven
(c) A loud speaker
(d) A microphone
(e) An electric motor
Solution:
(a) Electrical energy to light energy
(b) Electrical energy to heat energy
(c) Electrical energy to sound energy
(d) Sound energy to electrical energy
(e) Electrical energy to mechanical energy

Numerical

Q1) A force of 30 N acts on a body and moves it through a distance of 5 m in the direction
of force. Calculate the work done by the force.
Solution:
F = 30 N
d=5m
Work done = F × d
W = 30 × 5 = 150 Joules
Q2) A man lifts a mass of 20 kg to a height of 2.5 m. Assuming that the force of gravity on
1 kg mass is 10 N, find the work done by the man.
Solution:
Mass = 20 kg
h = 2.5 m
Force of gravity on a mass of 1 kg = 10 N
Force of gravity on a mass of 20 kg = 10 N × 20 = 200 N
W=F ×h
W = 200 n × 2.5 m
W = 500 J
Q3) A body when acted upon by a force of 10 kgf moves to a distance 0.5 m in the direction
of force. Find the work done by the force. Take 1 kgf = 10 N
Solution:
F = 10 kgf = 10 × 10 N = 100 N
Displacement = S = 0.5 m
Work done when displacement is in direction of force
W=F ×S
W = 100 N × 0.5 m = 50 J
Q4) Two bodies of same masses are placed at heights h and 2h. Compare their gravitational
potential energy.
Solution:
Gravitational potential energy = mgh
Gravitational Potential energy of body 1 = mgh
Gravitational Potential energy of body 2 = mg2h

On comparing,
𝑚𝑔ℎ 1
=
2𝑚𝑔ℎ 2
The gravitational potential energy of object 2 is twice that of object 1
Q5) Find the gravitational potential energy of 2.5 kg mass kept at a height of 15 m above
the ground. The force of gravity on mass 1 kg is 10 N.
Solution:
Gravitational potential energy = U = mgh
m = 2.5 kg
g = 10 N
h = 15 m
U = 2.5 × 10 × 15
U = 375 J
Q6) The gravitational potential energy stored in a box of weight 150 kgf is 1.5 × 104. Find
the height of the box. Take 1 kgf = 10 N
Solution:
Gravitational potential energy = U = mgh
1.5 × 104J = 150 kgf × h
1.5 × 104 J = 150 × 10 N × h
h = (15 × 1000) ÷ 1500
h = 10 m
Q7) The potential energy of a body of mass 0.5 kg increases by 100 J when it is taken to
the top of a tower from ground. If force of gravity on 1 kg is 10 N, what is the height of
the tower?
Solution:
Potential energy = Force × height
U = (mg)h
100 J = (0.5 × 10) N × h
h = 100 ÷ 5 = 20 m
Q8) A body of mass 60 kg is moving with a speed 50 m s−1. Find its kinetic energy.
Solution:
m = 60 kg
v = 50 m s−1.
1
Kinetic energy = 2×mass×(𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)2
1
K.E. = 2×60×50×50
K.E. = 75000 J
K.E. = 7.5 × 104 J

Q9) A truck of mass 1000 kg, increases its speed from 36 km h−1 to 72 km h−1 . Find the
work done.
Solution:
Weight of truck = Force = 1000 kgf
Mass = 1000 kg
36×1000
Initial velocity = 36 km h−1 = m s−1
60×60
72×1000
New velocity = 72 km h−1 = m s−1
60×60
Work done = Increase in energy
1 1
= 2×m×(v)2 - 2×m×(u)2
1
= 2×m (v 2 -u2 )
1
= 2×m (v+u)(v−u)
1
= ×1000×30×10
2
= 150000 J
= 1.5 ×105 J