ANSWER KEY

Workbook to Accompany
Sorrentino’s Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker
5th Edition

Chapter 1: The Role and Responsibilities of the Support Worker

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. F 18. C
2. T 19. A
3. T 20. C
4. F 21. D
5. F 22. B
6. T 23. A
7. T 24. D
8. T 25. A
26. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 27. B
9. A, B, C, D, E
10. A, B, D, F, G, H MATCHING
11. B, C, D, E 28. I
12. B, D, G, H, I, J 29. E
13. A, B, C, D, E, F, G 30. G
14. A, C, D, E, G, I, J 31. D
15. B, C, D, E 32. F
16. B, C, E 33. A
17. B, C, E, G, H, I, J, K 34. B
35. H
36. C
FILL IN THE BLANKS
37. Patient/resident/client
38. Respect for others/commitment/competence/appropriate behaviour

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Chapter 2: The Canadian Health Care System

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. F 15. D
2. F 16. D
3. T 17. C
4. T 18. B
5. T 19. A
6. T 20. A
7. F
8. T MATCHING
21. 1945
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 22. 1979
9. A, B, D, F, H 23. 1998
10. A, C, D, E, H, I, J 24. 2000
11. B, C
12. A, D FILL IN THE BLANK
13. B, C, E, F, G, J 25. P
14. A, B, E, G 26. P
27. S
28. P
29. S
30. P

Chapter 3: Workplace Settings

TRUE OR FALSE 6. T
1. F 7. F
2. T
3. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
4. F 8. A, B, C
5. T 9. A, C, D
10. A, B, D, E, F

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11. A, B, C, D 21. B
12. B, D 22. B
13. B, C
14. B, D MATCHING
15. A, C, D 23. C
24. E
MULTIPLE CHOICE 25. A
16. A 26. D
17. C 27. F
18. B 28. G
19. D 29. H
20. B 30. B

Chapter 4: Ethics

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. F 13. A
2. T 14. C
3. T 15. D
4. F 16. C
5. F 17. C
6. F 18. A
7. T
8. T MATCHING
19. E
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 20. C
9. B, C, D 21. D
10. A, C, D, E, F, H 22. B
11. A, C, D, F 23. F
12. B, E, F, G 24. A

FILL IN THE BLANKS

25. If the client is at risk for injury, you must involve the supervisor.

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Chapter 5: Legislation: The Client’s Rights and Your Rights

TRUE OR FALSE 26. C

1. F 27. C
2. T
3. T MATCHING
4. T 28. C
5. F 29. B
6. T 30. H
7. T 31. F
8. F 32. G
9. T 33. A
10. F 34. D
11. T 35. E
36. F
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 37. G
12. A, C, D, F, G, I, J 38. E
13. A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, J, K 39. B
14. A, B, E, F, G, H, I 40. A
15. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I 41. H
42. C
MULTIPLE CHOICE 43. D
16. A 44. C
17. B 45. E
18. B 46. F
19. A 47. G
20. D 48. A
21. C 49. D
22. C 50. B
23. C 51. H
24. C 52. E
25. A 53. G
54. C

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55. J 59. I
56. B 60. F
57. D 61. A
58. H

FILL IN THE BLANKS

62. Accurate/complete information
63. Negligent
64. Privacy
65. (Students can make up their own examples. The text’s examples include the following.)
• Knock on the client’s door and wait for a reply before entering
• Ask others to leave the room before giving care
• Close the door, drapes, and shades and use curtains or screens when providing care
• Drape the client during personal care procedures, and expose only the body part involved
in the treatment or procedure
• Keep clients covered when moving them throughout the facility
• Close the bathroom door when a client is using the bathroom
• Do not open or read clients’ mail
• Do not touch clients’ belongings without permission
• Allow clients to visit with others and use the telephone in private
• Do not pry into clients’ private lives
• Keep all personal and health information confidential
• Never post any information or images about a client or agency on social media
• Do not discuss a client with your family, friends, or the client's family. Talk about the
client only with your supervisor and members of the health care team who need to know.
66. a. Not performing a task or procedure correctly
b. Performing a task or procedure for which you are not qualified
c. Making a mistake
67. (Choose from the following)
• Human rights legislation
• Occupational health and safety legislation
• Employment standards legislation
• Labour relations legislation

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 • Workers’ compensation legislation
• Long-term care facilities legislation
• Community services legislation
68. Employers and employees both have responsibilities to ensure job safety.
69. Personal property; care preferences about care intended to sustain life.

Chapter 6: Health, Wellness, Illness, and Disability

TRUE OR FALSE 14. B, C, D, G, H

1. F 15. A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I
2. T
3. T MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. T 16. C
5. T 17. C
6. F 18. D
7. F 19. B
8. T 20. A

MULTIPLE RESPONSE MATCHING

9. B, C, D 21. C
10. A, B, D, E, G 22. A
11. A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I 23. B
12. A, C, D, E 24. E
13. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I 25. D

Chapter 7: Caring About Culture and Diversity

TRUE OR FALSE 4. T
1. F 5. T
2. F 6. F
3. T 7. F
8. T

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9. T 22. C
10. T 23. B
24. A
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 25. C
11. A, C, D, E 26. D
12. A, B, D, E 27. B
13. B, C, D, E 28. A
14. A, B, E, F, G
15. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I MATCHING
16. B, C, E 29. D
17. A, C, D, E, F, I, J 30. F
18. A, B, D, F, G, I 31. G
32. E
MULTIPLE CHOICE 33. A
19. B 34. C
20. A 35. B
21. A 36. H

FILL IN THE BLANKS

37. a. Communication
b. Family and social organization
c. Religion and worship
d. Health care practices and reactions to illness
38. a. Touch
b. Personal space
c. Eye contact
d. Facial expressions
39. An older person can feel greatly stressed and disappointed when his children reject their
culture.
40. Assimilation
41. Cultural safety

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Chapter 8: Managing Stress

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. F 17. D
2. T 18. A
3. T 19. C
4. F 20. B
5. T 21. C
6. F
7. F MATCHING
8. T 22. F
9. F 23. D
10. F 24. A
25. G
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 26. C
11. A, B, C, E, F 27. B
12. A, B, D, E 28. H
13. A, C, D, E 29. E
14. A, B, E, F
15. A, B, C, E, F
16. A, C, E, G, H

FILL IN THE BLANKS

30. (In the following order)
• Identify the problem and determine whether it requires your attention.
• Analyze the problem. Decide if it is one you can solve on your own. Always ask your
supervisor for help if you are uncertain.
• Devise a plan. Think of as many solutions as you can, and decide which is the most
practical and helpful. Keep safety in mind. Implement the plan. Involve your supervisor if
necessary.
31. (Students can think up their own examples.)
32. (Any five of the following.)
• There is an emergency
• There is a change in the client’s condition or normal functioning

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 • The client becomes ill
• The client is in distress
• The client’s safety may be at risk
• A problem arises involving medications
• The client complains about his or her condition or care
• The client asks you a question about his or her diagnosis, condition, or treatment plans
• The client or family asks you to do something that contradicts the care plan
• You have a conflict with a client or family member
• A question or problem arises with which you need help
33. a. Explain the situation to your supervisor and ask for advice
b. Ask the person if you can meet privately
c. Agree on a time and place to talk
d. Meet in a private setting where others cannot see or hear you
e. Explain the problem by listing facts and specific behaviours; focus on the problem and not
on the person
f. Listen to the person’s response without interrupting
g. Identify ways to resolve the problem; offer your ideas and ask for the other person’s ideas
h. Schedule a date and time to review the situation later
i. Thank the person for meeting with you
j. Implement the solutions
k. Review the situation as needed

Chapter 9: Interpersonal Communication

TRUE OR FALSE 7. T
1. T 8. T
2. F 9. F
3. F 10. F
4. T 11. F
5. F 12. T
6. T 13. T
14. F

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15. T 32. B
16. T 33. C
17. T MATCHING
34. E
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 35. C
18. A, B, C, E, F 36. F
19. A, C, E, F, G, H 37. B
20. A, C, D, E 38. A
21. A, B, C, D 39. G
22. A, B, C, E, F, G 40. D
23. A, B, C, E 41. C
24. B, C, D 42. K
25. A, B, D, E, F 43. A
26. A, B, C 44. I
27. A, B, C, E 45. E
28. B, C, D, F, G, H 46. G
47. B
MULTIPLE CHOICE 48. J
29. D 49. H
30. D 50. D
31. C 51. F

FILL IN THE BLANKS

52. a. A sender sends a message
b. A receiver receives the message
c. The receiver interprets the message
d. The receiver provides feedback
53. a. Start a conversation
b. Find out about a client’s needs and preferences
54. Students can think of various answers; the text examples include the following:
a. Avoid slang words and swear words

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 b. Use professional behaviours and body language
c. Use only English (or French, if agency conducts care in French) when speaking to other
co-workers
d. Pay attention to the way you speak to co-workers; it may be interpreted as rude, irritated,
or hostile
e. If using your cell phone to text or call, do so privately
f. Avoid making non-supportive facial gestures, like eye-rolling

Chapter 10: Working with Others: Teamwork and Delegation

TRUE OR FALSE 16. D

1. T 17. D
2. F 18. A
3. F
4. T MATCHING
5. F 19. D
6. F 20. E
7. F 21. C
22. A
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 23. B
8. A, B, C, D 24. F
9. A, B, C, D, E 25. C
10. A, C, E 26. B
11. A, B, C, D, F 27. E
12. A, B, C, D, F, G, H 28. A
29. D
MULTIPLE CHOICE
13. A
14. C
15. D

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Chapter 11: Working With Clients and Their Families

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. F 9. D
2. T 10. A
3. F 11. B
4. F 12. A
5. T 13. A

MULTIPLE RESPONSE MATCHING

6. A, B, C, D, E, F 14. G
7. A, B, C, E 15. E
8. A, B, D 16. D
17. F
18. H
19. A
20. C
21. B

FILL IN THE BLANKS

22. (Students can think up various situations; the text’s examples include the following.)
• Accepting the client’s values, feelings, lifestyle, and decisions
• Being courteous and polite
• Recognizing the client’s need for privacy and independence
• Encouraging clients to express preferences, make personal choices, and do as much as
they can for themselves
23. A professional helping relationship is established to benefit the client, whereas a friendship is
a personal social relationship that benefits both people involved.

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Chapter 12: Abuse, Bullying, and Harassment Awareness

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. T 27. C
2. F 28. A
3. T 29. D
4. F 30. C
5. F 31. D
6. T 32. C
7. F 33. B
8. T 34. D
9. T 35. A
10. F 36. C
11. T 37. B
12. F
13. F MATCHING
14. F 38. E
15. T 39. C
16. T 40. A
17. T 41. C
42. E
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 43. G
18. A, C, F 44. B
19. B, D, E, F 45. A
20. A, B, C, D 46. A
21. C, D, E, F 47. B
22. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H 48. F
23. A, B, C, D, F 49. D
24. A, C, D, E 50. A
25. A, B, D, F, G, H 51. D
26. A, B, C, D, F, G 52. C
53. F
54. E

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55. D 60. A
56. B 61. C
57. A 62. D
58. C 63. B
59. E

FILL IN THE BLANKS

64. (Any three within each context, in any order.)
Physical abuse
• Physical injuries (e.g., burns, bumps, cuts, bruises, etc.)
• New injuries appear while older ones are still healing
• Frequent injuries
• Injuries in the shape of an object (e.g., a welt in the shape of a hand)
• Unexplained missing or loose teeth
Sexual abuse
• Irritation, injury of the thighs, perineum, or breasts
• Intense fear of bathing or perineal care
• Torn, stained, or bloody underwear
• Vaginal discharge, genital odour, and painful urination
• Difficulty walking or sitting
• Avoidance of touching
Emotional abuse
• A change in behaviour
• Person seems fearful or withdrawn
• Person’s behaviour changes when the caregiver (i.e., the potential abuser) leaves and
enters the room
• Person is not permitted to socialize or has withdrawn from family and friends
• Caregiver insists on being present or within hearing distance of all conversations
• Caregiver’s behaviour is erratic
• Caregiver does not show affection toward the person
• Caregiver often complains about the person

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Financial abuse
• The caregiver refuses to spend money on caring for the person
• The person has many unpaid bills
• There is a lack of adequate food, clothing, personal care items, etc.
• The caregiver seems more concerned about the cost rather than the quality of the person’s
care
• The potential abuser does not have a job and is secretive about his or her income
• The person must ask for permission to write cheques or spend money
Neglect
• Living conditions are unsafe, unclean, or inadequate
• Personal hygiene is poor (e.g., ingrown nails, untreated sores, matted hair)
• There are signs of poor nutrition and fluid intake (e.g., weight loss, sunken eyes, dry skin)
• Pressure injuries
• Medications not purchased
• The person is left unsupervised or unattended for long periods of time
Bullying
• A co-worker makes fun of your cultural or traditional way of dressing
• A manager makes negative comments about your appearance
• A co-worker threatens your safety after a heated discussion
• A supervisor rubs your shoulders despite your objections
• Co-workers isolate or exclude a peer from conversations or at break time

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Chapter 13: Starting Your Career

TRUE OR FALSE 14. A, B, D, E

1. F 15. A, B, C, D
2. T 16. B, C, D, E
3. F 17. A, B, C, D, F, H, I, J
4. T 18. A, B
5. T 19. A, B, C
6. F
7. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
8. F 20. C
9. F 21. A
10. F 22. C
23. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 24. B
11. A, B 25. D
12. A, B, C, D 26. A
13. A, C, D, E

Chapter 14: Body Mechanics

TRUE OR FALSE 11. T

1. T 12. F
2. F 13. T
3. F 14. F
4. F 15. F
5. T 16. T
6. F 17. F
7. F 18. T
8. T 19. F
9. F 20. F
10. F 21. T

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 16

22. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
23. T 39. A, C
24. F 40. A, B, D, E, F
25. T 41. A, C, D, F, G, H, I
26. F 42. A, B, C, E
27. T 43. A, B, C, D
28. F 44. B, C, D
29. F 45. A, C, D, F, G, H, I, K
30. T 46. A, B, D
31. T
32. T MULTIPLE CHOICE
33. F 47. A
34. T 48. C
35. T 49. D
36. F 50. A
37. F 51. B
38. T 52. D
53. C
54. D
55. B
56. D
57. C
58. A
59. B

FILL IN THE BLANKS

60. Prone
61. Communicate directions when moving; count 1–2–3 and then move together.
62. Pain/skin damage/lifted more evenly
63. So that the person is close to you and you do not have to reach and stretch as much when
turning.
64. To promote the client’s comfort.
65. They are used when a client cannot help with a transfer.

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LABELLING
66. Fowler’s position 69. Prone/the edge of the mattress
67. Supine position 70. Right lateral position
68. Prone/ankles 71. Shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thigh

Chapter 15: Exercise and Activity

TRUE OR FALSE 20. C

1. F 21. B
2. T 22. B
3. F 23. C
4. F 24. D
5. T 25. B
6. F
7. T MATCHING
8. T 26. F
9. F 27. G
10. T 28. C
11. T 29. I
12. F 30. A
13. F 31. B
14. T 32. D
15. T 33. E
34. H
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 35. G
16. A, B, D, E 36. J
17. B 37. O
38. C
MULTIPLE CHOICE 39. N
18. D 40. A
19. B 41. M

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42. H 48. F
43. L 49. K
44. P 50. D
45. I 51. B
46. B 52. C
47. E 53. A

FILL IN THE BLANKS

54 a. Some ADL are allowed (e.g., self-feeding, oral hygiene, bathing, shaving, and hair care)
b. Everything is done for the client. No ADLs allowed.
c. The client can use the bedside commode for elimination needs.
d. The client can use the bathroom for elimination needs.
55. A footboard prevents plantar flexion and footdrop.
56. Exercise
57. A gait belt (transfer belt)
58. If you try to stop the fall, you could injure the client or fall yourself. Easing the client to the
floor lets you control the direction of the fall and protect the client’s head.
59. a. Move the cane forward 15 to 25 cm
b. Move the weak leg (which is opposite the cane) forward so that it is even with the cane.
c. Move the strong leg forward and ahead of the cane and the weak leg.

CROSSWORD
Across 13. Dorsiflexion
4. Atrophy 14. Syncope
5. Pronation
6. Contracture Down
7. Rotation 1. Footdrop
9. Extension 2. Adduction
10. Range of motion 3. Hyperextension
12. Supination 8. Abduction
11. Flexion

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 19

Chapter 16: Rehabilitation and Restorative Care

TRUE OR FALSE 13. A, B, C, D, F, G

1. F 14. A, C, D, F
2. T
3. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. T 15. C
5. F 16. A
6. T 17. B
7. T 18. A
8. T 19. B
9. F
10. F MATCHING
20. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 21. A
11. A, B, D, E 22. B
12. A, B, D

FILL IN THE BLANKS

23. a. Hospitals
b. Specialized facilities
c. Long-term care facilities
d. Community care (e.g., home care and adult day programs)
24. Rehabilitation care is the use of therapy, exercise, and other methods to restore a person to
the highest possible level of functioning. Rehabilitation can also maintain or slow the decline
of functioning. Restorative care is also aimed at preventing health deterioration, maintaining
or improving a client’s quality of life, as well as restoring the client to their previous
functional level as much as possible.

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Chapter 17: Personal Hygiene

TRUE OR FALSE 17. A, B, C, D

1. T 18. A, C, D
2. F 19. A, B, C, E, G, H, I, J
3. T 20. A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J
4. F 21. A, B, C, E, F, G
5. T 22. B, C, D
6. T 23. A, B, C, D, E
7. T
8. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
9. F 24. D
10. F 25. D
11. T 26. A
12. T 27. A
13. T 28. B
14. F 29. A
30. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 31. A
15. A, B, D, E 32. D
16. A, B, C, D, E, F

FILL IN THE BLANKS

33. a. Illness and disease
b. Some medications and diseases
c. Some medications and diseases
d. Oxygen, smoking, decreased fluid intake, anxiety
34. To make the surface soft so that if that dentures are dropped, they will not break.
35. warp
36. a. To remove plaque and tartar from the teeth
b. To remove food particles from between the teeth
37. A container
38. On one side with the head turned well to the side/aspiration

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39. a. To prevent making the water soapy and to reduce the risk of slips and falls in the tub or
shower
b. To remove all soap residue and prevent irritation
c. Pat, rather than rub, to gently dry the skin and avoid damaging it
d. To remove microbes and prevent skin irritation
40. a. Reduce drafts by closing doors and windows
b. Use a bath blanket to cover the client before and after the bath
41. Infants, young children, and older persons/fragile skin
42. This temperature will keep the client warm but will not burn or scald the client
43. a. Placing a bath towel over the chest area
b. Lifting the towel slightly
c. Reaching under the towel to wash the breasts and chest
44. Urethral area/anal area
45. (Any three of the following)
a. Odours
b. Redness, swelling, discharge, or irritation
c. Complaints of pain, burning, or other discomfort
d. Signs of urinary or fecal incontinence

LABELLING
46. See Figure 17.1, p. 301 in the textbook
47. See Figure 17.11, p. 315 in the textbook
48. See Figure 17.24, p. 327 in the textbook

Chapter 18: Grooming and Dressing

TRUE OR FALSE 7. F
1. F 8. F
2. T 9. T
3. F 10. F
4. T 11. F
5. F 12. T
6. T 13. T

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14. F 29. B
15. F 30. B
16. T
17. F MATCHING
18. T 31. C
32. B
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 33. G
19. A, C 34. F
20. B, C, D, F 35. J
21. A, C 36. E
22. B, C, D, E, F, G, I, J 37. I
23. B, D 38. A
24. A, B, D 39. D
40. H
MULTIPLE CHOICE 41. C
25. D 42. A
26. C 43. B
27. B 44. D
28. B 45. F
46. E

FILL IN THE BLANKS

47. Ask your supervisor for permission.
48. Plastic garbage bags
49. a. Harbour microbes
b. Provide a warm, moist environment for the growth of microbes
c. Cause blisters or ingrown nails
d. Prolongs healing. Foot infections and injuries can therefore become very serious for
someone with poor circulation.
e. Cause poor circulation
f. Can cause nicks, cuts, and other injuries

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 23

Chapter 19: Preventing Infection

TRUE OR FALSE 31. F

1. F 32. F
2. F
3. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
4. F 33. A, B, C, E, G, H, J
5. T (Note: A, B, and J are signs of a localized
infection and may or may not be present in a
6. T
systemic infection.)
7. F
34. C, D, F, H
8. F
35. A, C, E
9. F
36. A, C, E, F
10. T
37. A, B
11. F
38. A, C, D, E, F, H, J, M, N, P
12. F
39. B, C, D, E, F
13. T
40. A, C, D
14. T
41. B, D, E
15. F
16. T
MULTIPLE CHOICE
17. F
42. C
18. T
43. C
19. F
44. D
20. T
45. C
21. T
46. C
22. T
47. D
23. F
48. D
24. F
49. A
25. F
50. C
26. T
51. B
27. F
52. C
28. T
53. C
29. T
54. A
30. F

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 24

55. D
56. B
57. C

FILL IN THE BLANKS

58. Microbes
59. People, animals, food, water, soil, inanimate objects
60. Warm/dark/water/nourishment
61. You hold your hands down so that the dirty water washes down the sink and not onto your
clean skin.
62. Hand-operated faucets are contaminated, so you would contaminate your hands if you
touched them after washing.
63. Caregivers must wash their hands before and after caring for the person.
64. a. Respiratory tract
b. Urinary tract
c. Gastrointestinal tract
d. Skin
65. Irritate hands
66. Procedures or tasks likely to cause splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, or
excretions.
67. (Any five of the following answers in any order.)
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) as required.
• Collect all needed equipment before entering the room.
• Prevent contamination of equipment and supplies. If anything drops on the floor, do not
use it.
• Use mops wetted with a disinfectant solution to clean floors.
• Prevent drafts.
• Use paper towels to handle contaminated items.
• Remove items from the room in sturdy, leak-proof plastic bags.
• Double-bag items if the outer part of the bag is contaminated.
• Follow employer policy for removing and transporting disposable and reusable items.
• Do not touch your hair, nose, mouth, eyes, or other body parts when providing care.
• Do not touch any clean area if your hands are contaminated.
• Place clean items that you bring in to the room on paper towels.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 25

 • Do not shake linen.
• Use paper towels to turn faucets on and off.

DIAGRAMS
68. Thumbs, knuckles, sides of hands, little fingers, and under the nails
69. The outside of the gown and its waist strings
70. The interior 1-inch margin around the sterile field is considered contaminated.

Chapter 20: Safety

TRUE OR FALSE 21. A, C, E

1. F 22. B, C
2. T 23. A, B, C, E, F, G
3. T 24. A, B, D, E
4. F 25. A, C, D
5. F 26. A, C, F, G, H, I, J, K
6. T 27. A, C, D, E
7. F 28. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I
8. F 29. A, C, E, F, G, H, J
9. F
10. T MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. T 309. D
12. F 31. B
32. B
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 33. A
13. A, D, E 34. C
14. A, B, C 35. A
15. A, C, E, G, H, I 36. D
16. B, C, D 37. A
17. A, B, C, D, E, F 38. B
18. A, B, D 39. B
19. B, C, D, F 40. A
20. A, C 41. A

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 26

42. B 59. C
43. A 60. B
44. C 61. D
45. C 62. A
46. B 63. B
47. A 64. C
48. C 65. A
49. D 66. B
50. A 67. D
51. A 68. C
52 A 69. F
53. B 70. E
54. D 71. A
72. G
MATCHING 73. B
55. A 74. D
56. C 75. C
57. B 76. E
58. A 77. F

FILL IN THE BLANKS

78. In the material safety data sheet (MSDS).
79. a. A client tries to pull out an IV and feeding tube, their only source of nutrition. They are
unable to take in foods or fluids by mouth.
b. A client with a severe mental health disorder tries to strangle a staff member.
c. A child tries to rip out their stitches, thus risking serious infection.
80. False imprisonment charges
81. Informed consent/cannot
82. a. Every 15 minutes
b. Food/fluid/comfort/elimination
83. Combative or agitated clients can hurt themselves and the worker; several workers can apply
restraints quickly and safely.
84. Confusion may increase because the person is agitated or doesn’t understand what is
happening.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 27

85. Good body alignment/padded/pressure/injury
86. Discomfort/agitation/restricted breathing/restricted circulation
87. (Any six answers listed in the box Think About Safety: Personal Safety Measures (pp. 453–
454 in the textbook, in any order.)
88. Carry the keys in your strong hand and extend one key. If necessary, use this key to slash at
the attacker’s face.
89. a. Kick
b. Push your thumbs into the attacker’s eyes
c. Scratch

LABELLING
90. a. The cord is frayed.
b. The plug is not grounded with a third prong.

Chapter 21: Beds and Bed Making

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. F 11. B
2. T 12. B
3. F 13. A
4. F 14. B
5. F 15. D
6. T
7. T MATCHING
16. D
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 17. A
8. A, B, C 18. C
9. A, B, D 19. B
10. A, C, D, F, G 20. E

FILL IN THE BLANKS

21. To protect the mattress and bottom linens from dampness and soiling.
22. Plastic retains heat and may make the client uncomfortable; also, plastic incontinence pads
are hard to keep tight and wrinkle-free.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 28

23. warmth/privacy
24. a. Bumper pads must fit snugly against the slats.
b. They must be secured in place with at least six ties.
c. The ties must be away from the baby—avoid long ties.
d. Bumper pads must be removed when the baby can stand in the crib.

LABELLING
25. c, a, b, d

Chapter 22: Skin Care and Prevention of Wounds

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. F 22. B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M
2. F 23. A, C, D
3. F 24. A, C
4. T 25. A, B, C, E, F, G, I
5. F 26. A, B
6. T 27. C, D
7. F 28. A, C
8. F 29. A, B, D, E
9. T 30. A, B, C, D
10. T 31. A, B, C, D, F, G, H
11. F 32. A, B
12. F 33. A, B
13. F 34. B, C, E
14. T 35. A, B
15. T 36. A, C, D
16. F
17. T MULTIPLE CHOICE
18. F 37. B
19. T 38. B
20. F 39. B
21. F 40. C

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 29

41. B 56. D
42. A 57. I
43. C 58. J
44. C 59. C
45. C 60. A
46. D 61. B
47. B 62. D
63. C
MATCHING 64. B
48. F 65. D
49. A 66. A
50. H 67. D
51. K 68. A
52. C 69. B
53. B 70. C
54. G 71. B
55. E 72. C
73. A

FILL IN THE BLANKS

74. To reduce pressure on the heels by raising them off the bed.
75. When large amounts of drainage are expected, a drain is applied to enable the drainage to
leave the wound.
76. Wound odours, appearance, and drainage may be unpleasant and cause nonverbal reactions.
Control nonverbal reactions so that you do not make the client ashamed, worried, or upset.
77. a. Allow pain medications to take effect before giving care.
b. Odours from wound drainage can take away appetite. Therefore, remove soiled dressings
promptly from the room. Use room deodorizers as directed. Keep drainage containers out
of the client’s sight. Tell your supervisor if the client has a taste for certain foods or
beverages.
c. Practice Standard Practices. Carefully observe the wound. Immediately report any signs or
symptoms of infection.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 30

LABELLING
78. See Figure 22.1, B, p. 484 in the textbook
79. See Figure 22.1, C, p. 484 in the textbook
80. See Figure 22.1, D, p. 484 in the textbook
81. See Figure 22.1, E, p. 484 in the textbook
82. See Figure 22.3, p. 488 in the textbook:
a. 1/The skin is red.
b. 4/Muscle and bone are exposed and damaged.
c. 3/The skin is gone, and the underlying tissues are exposed. The exposed tissue is damaged.
d. 2/The skin cracks, blisters, or peels. There may be a shallow crater.

CROSSWORD
Across Down
5. Decubitus ulcer 1. Laceration
7. Purulent 2. Abrasion
8. Serous 3. Stasis ulcer
9. Shock 4. Hemorrhage
11. Gangrene 5. Dehiscence
13. Sanguineous 6. Wound
14. Trauma 10. Contusion
16. Evisceration 12. Incision
13. Skin tear
15. Hematoma

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 31

Chapter 23: Promoting Client Comfort, Pain Management, and Sleep

TRUE OR FALSE MATCHING

1. T 25. C
2. F 26. B
3. T 27. A
4. T 28. A
5. F 29. E
6. T 30. D
7. F 31. B
8. F 32. C
33. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 34. A
9. A, B, D, E, F 35. D
10. A, C, D 36. B
11. A, B, D, E 37. D
12. A, B, D, E 38. H
39. A
MULTIPLE CHOICE 40. B
13. C 41. F
14. C 42. C
15. C 43. E
16. B 44. G
17. C
18. D FILL IN THE BLANK
19. C 45. B
20. A 46. B
21. B 47. A
22. B 48. A
23. D 49. B
24. B 50. B
51. B
52. A

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 32

53. A
54. Acute pain
55. a. Past experience with pain lets the client know what to expect, and this can either help or
hinder pain management. Not having experience and not knowing what to expect may
make the client fearful.
b. Anxiety can make the pain feel worse.
c. Not enough rest and sleep can make pain feel worse.
d. The more attention the client gives to the pain, the worse it feels.
e. Pain means different things to different clients, and they react accordingly. For example,
some see pain as a sign of weakness and therefore try to deny or ignore it.
f. Pain is easier to deal with when family and friends offer comfort and support.
g. Culture influences how clients respond to pain. For example, in some cultures people
show no reaction to pain, and in others, they have strong verbal and nonverbal reactions.
h. Young children may not know words to express that they are in pain. Changes in
behaviour may be the only indicator of pain. Older persons may have decreased pain
sensations. Older persons who have dementia may not be able to communicate that they
are in pain. Changes in behaviour may indicate pain.
56. a. Ask where the pain is. Ask the client to point to the area of the pain.
b. Ask when the pain started and how long it has lasted.
c. Ask the client to rate the pain on a scale of 1 to 10.
d. Ask the client to describe the pain. Write down the client’s exact words.
e. Ask the client what they were doing before the pain started and when the pain started.
f. Ask if you may check vital signs. Pulse, respirations, and blood pressure often increase
with pain.
g. Ask the client if they have other symptoms that often occur with pain (e.g., dizziness,
nausea, weakness).
57. Older persons have decreased pain sensation, so they may not feel pain until it becomes
severe. Because pain alerts a client to illness or injury, not being able to feel pain may result
in undetected disease or injury.
58. a. Involves directing the client’s attention away from the pain (e.g., conversation, music, TV,
games)
b. Means absence of mental or physical stress. The nurse or therapist teaches the client how
to breathe deeply and slowly and to contract and relax muscle groups. Make sure the
client is in a comfortable position and the room is quiet.
c. Involves creating an image in the mind and focusing on it. Soft music, a blanket for
warmth, and a darkened room may help.
59. The client may tell you about the pain, or the client’s body language and behaviour may
indicate pain.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 33

60. Crying, fussing, change in behaviour
61. Plan care activities so that the client has time to rest without interruptions. Do not rush clients
or push them beyond their limits when providing care. Allow rest periods as needed.
62. Milk, cheese, beef
63. a. Discomfort, pain, nausea, and coughing can hinder sleep. Often clients are awakened for
treatment or medication.
b. Foods and drink with caffeine prevent sleep; certain proteins in milk, cheese, and beef
promote sleep.
c. Exercising just before bed may delay sleep.
d. Most people sleep better in their own beds and in familiar surroundings. A change in the
environment, noise, and light disrupt sleep.
e. Some medications promote sleep and drowsiness, and others interfere with sleep. Alcohol
may make the client drowsy but then cause the client to wake up and have difficulties
falling back to sleep.
f. Any type of change causes stress and may disrupt sleep.
g. Fear, worry, anxiety, and depression disrupt sleep.
64. a. Make sure bed linens are clean, dry, and wrinkle-free.
b. Provide for warmth (blankets, socks).
c. Reduce noise.
d. Darken the room.
65. a. Caffeinated drinks (colas, coffee, etc.)
b. Alcohol
66. a. Encourage clients to choose their furnishings.
b. Encourage clients to display personal items in their rooms.
c. Help family members arrange the room and hang pictures.
d. Provide a warm welcome.
67. a. Birth to 1 year.
b. 65 years and over.
68. a. Higher toilets are easier for clients in wheelchairs to use.
b. They are easier for clients with joint problems.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 34

Chapter 24: Measuring Height, Weight, and Vital Signs

TRUE OR FALSE 27. C

1. F 28. B
2. F 29. B
3. F 30. D
4. T 31. B
5. T 32. C
6. F 33. B
7. T
8. T MATCHING
9. F 34. F
10. F 35. D
11. T 36. A
12. T 37. B
13. T 38. C
14. F 39. E
15. T 40. A
16. F 41. B
17. T 42. C
18. F 43. G
19. T 44. E
20. T 45. A
21. F 46. H
47. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 48. F
22. A, B, D, F, G, H 49. B
23. B, C, D, E, F, G, H 50. D
24. A, B, C, D, E, F 51. C
25. B, D, F, G, H 52. A
53. B
MULTIPLE CHOICE 54. D
26. B 55. C

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 35

56. F 67. H
57. I
58. L FILL IN THE BLANKS
59. G 68. A
60. A 69. A
61. E 70. B
62. B 71. B
63. D 72. B
64. J 73. B
65. M 74. A
66. K 75. A

76. 5 to 10 minutes
77. To prevent the spread of microbes
78. Do not let anything touch the tubing, and ask the client to be silent.
79. Rhythm and force
80. So that the client does not know that you are counting respirations. Therefore, the client will
not change breathing pattern.
81. a. Blood pressure increases with age, up to adulthood
b. Women usually have lower blood pressures than men.
c. The lower the blood volume, the lower the blood pressure (e.g., severe bleeding lowers
blood pressure).
d. Increases blood pressure.
e. Usually increases blood pressure. However, severe pain causes shock, which significantly
lowers the blood pressure.
f. Increases blood pressure.
g. Blood pressure is higher in overweight people.
h. Blood pressure tends to be higher among people of South Asian, Aboriginal, and African
descent.
i. A high sodium diet increases the amount of water in the body. The extra fluid volume
therefore increases blood pressure.
j. Some medications raise blood pressure; others lower it.
k. Blood pressure is lower when a person is lying down. It is higher when a person is
standing. Sudden changes in position can cause changes in blood pressure. Standing
suddenly may cause a sharp drop in blood pressure.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 36

 l. Increases blood pressure.
m. Increases blood pressure.
82. Measure the person’s height while they are lying in bed.
83. A full bladder affects the weight.
84. Top of the head/heels
85. a. 30–60 respirations/minute
b. 20–30 respirations/minute
c. 25–32 respirations/minute
d. 12–20 respirations/minute
86. (Any of the answers listed in Box 24.2: Guidelines for Measuring Blood Pressure in the
textbook)

LABELLING
87.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 37

88.

CROSSWORD
Across Down
2 Apical radial pulse 1 Diastole
5 Blood pressure 3 Pulse
6 Hypotension 4 Sphygmomanometer
8 Stethoscope 7 Vital signs
9 Bradycardia 11 Systole
10 Respiration
12 Hypertension
13 Tachycardia

Chapter 25: Medical Terminology

MULTIPLE CHOICE 9. C
1. B 10. A
2. A
3. D MATCHING
4. B 11. I
5. C 12. M
6. D 13. K
7. A 14. A
8. B 15. N

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 38

16. O 49. A
17. D 50. I
18. H 51. B
19. C 52. D
20. E 53. C
21. L 54. E
22. F 55. G
23. B 56. G
24. G 57. I
25. J 58. D
26. C 59. A
27. F 60. F
28. A 61. B
29. J 62. H
30. E 63. C
31. B 64. E
32. D 65. H
33. I 66. L
34. G 67. R
35. H 68. A
36. F 69. D
37. J 70. G
38. A 71. O
39. I 72. T
40. B 73. I
41. H 74. B
42. C 75. F
43. G 76. C
44. D 77. M
45. E 78. J
46. F 79. V
47. J 80. N
48. H 81. S

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 39

82. E 103. Cancer
83. P 104. Water
84. K 105. Gallon
85. Q 106. Weight
86. U 107. Height
87. F 108. Wheelchair
88. K 109. With
89. G 110. Immediately
90. A 111. Oxygen
91. E 112. Abdomen
92. B 113. Postoperative
93. L 114. bid
94. C 115. CBR
95. J 116. NPO
96. D 117. prn
97. H 118. qhs
98. N 119. ROM
99. I 120. RLQ
100. M 121. SOB
122. tid
WORD SEARCH 123. qid
101. Without 124. LLQ
102. Morning 125. VS

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 40

USING WORD ELEMENTS
126. Hepato (root) megaly (suffix) enlarged liver
127. Hemi (prefix) plegia (suffix) paralysis of one side of the body
128. Chol (root) cyst (root) ectomy (suffix) excision of gallbladder
129. Laparo (root) tomy (suffix) incision into the abdomen
130. Brady (prefix) cardia (root) slow heart rate
131. Neuro (root) pathy (suffix) disease of the nervous system
132. Tachy (prefix) pnea (root) rapid breathing
133. Poly (prefix) uria (suffix) excessive urination
134. Pyo (root) rrhea (suffix) discharge of pus
135. Dys (prefix) phagia (root) difficulty swallowing
136. Erythro (prefix) cyto (root) penia (suffix) deficiency of red blood cells
137. Leuko (prefix) cyte (root) white blood cell
138. Broncho (root) scopy (suffix) examination of the bronchi using a scope
139. En (prefix) cephalo (root) pathy (suffix) a disease of the brain
140. Stomat (root) itis (suffix) inflammation of the mouth

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 41

Chapter 26: Planning, Reporting, and Recording Client Care

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. F 29. B
2. T 30. D
3. T 31. A
4. F 32. B
5. T 33. E
6. F 34. F
7. T 35. B
8. F 36. A
9. F 37. D
10. F 38. C
11. F 39. G
12. T 40. L
13. T 41. H
14. F 42. A
15. T 43. K
16. F 44. B
17. T 45. D
18. F 46. C
19. F 47. J
20. T 48. E
49. F
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 50. I
21. A, B, C, E
22. A, B, C, D, E, F FILL IN THE BLANKS
23. A, B, C, E, F 51. S
24. A, B, C, D 52. S
25. A, B, C, E, F 53. O
26. A, B, C, D, F 54. O
27. A, C, D, E, F 55. O
28. A, C, D 56. S

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 42

57. S 65. O
58. O 66. S
59. O 67. S: specific
60. O M: measurable
61. S A: achievable
62. O R: realistic
63. S T: time-framed
64. O

Chapter 27: Nutrition and Fluids

TRUE OR FALSE 22. F

1. F 23. T
2. T 24. F
3. F 25. T
4. T 26. T
5. F 27. F
6. T 28. T
7. T
8. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
9. T 29. B, D, E
10. T 30. A, B, C, E
11. F 31. A, B, E, F, H
12. F 32. B, C, D, E
13. T 33. B
14. F
15. T MULTIPLE CHOICE
16. T 34. B
17. T 35. B
18. T 36. D
19. F 37. B
20. F 38. D
21. T 39. B

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 43

40. C 61. H
41. A 62. B
42. D 63. D
43. B 64. E
44. A 65. A
45. C 66. C
46. C 67. F
68. C
MATCHING 69. E
47. E 70. D
48. A 71. B
49. C 72. A
50. B 73. B
51. D 74. C
52. C 75. A
53. G 76. D
54. E 77. E
55. J 78. A
56. I 79. C
57. A 80. B
58. B 81. E
59. D 82. D
60. F

FILL IN THE BLANKS

83. One quarter (¼) of the plate is recommended for the protein component of the meal.
84. Cooked fruits and vegetables
85. a. So the client does not feel rushed
b. To show caring and respect
c. Spoons are less likely to cause injury than are forks
d. This portion is easy to chew and swallow
e. Fluids help with chewing and swallowing
f. To show caring and respect

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 44

 g. To show that you have time to spend with the client; also, facing the client allows you to
observe for choking and for problems with chewing and swallowing
h. To encourage independence
86. a. Decrease/fewer calories are needed
b. Increase/to aid in digestion, kidney function, chewing, and swallowing
c. Increase/for tissue growth and repair
d. Increase/to prevent constipation
e. Decrease/these are hard to digest

LABELLING
87. Label the plate as per Figure 27.5 (p. 611) in the textbook (number each segment so it looks
like the face of a clock).
a. At 6:00 and 7:00
b. Between 12:00 and 1:00

Chapter 28: Enteral Nutrition and Intravenous Therapy

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. T 16. A, B, C, D, E
2. F 17. A, B, C, E, F
3. T 18. D, E
4. F 19. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, J
5. F 20. A, B, C, D, F
6. F 21. A, C, D, E, F, G, H
7. T 22. A, B, C, D, E
8. F 23. A, B, C, G, H, I, K, L
9. T
10. T MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. T 24. A
12. T 25. C
13. F 26. A
14. T 27. D
15. T

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 45

28. D 33. B
29. B 34. A
35. C
MATCHING 36. D
30. C 37. A
31. E 38. B
32. D

FILL IN THE BLANKS

39. a. To relieve dry mouth
b. To relieve dry lips
c. To relieve dryness of the nasal passages
d. To relieve dryness
40. a. Coughing and choking during the feeding
b. Change in breathing from normal to difficult, noisy or rapid and shallow
c. Wet, gurgly voice
d. Pale and bluish lips

Chapter 29: Urinary Elimination

TRUE OR FALSE 13. T

1. F 14. F
2. T 15. T
3. F 16. T
4. T 17. T
5. F 18. F
6. F 19. T
7. T 20. F
8. F
9. F MULTIPLE RESPONSE
10. F 21. A, D, E, F
11. T 22. A, C, D
12. T 23. C, D

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 46

24. A, B, C, E, F, H, I MATCHING
25. C, D 37. C
26. A, C, D, E 38. E
27. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H 39. D
28. A, C, D 40. A
41. B
MULTIPLE CHOICE 42. D
29. A 43. E
30. C 44. A
31. B 45. C
32. A 46. F
33. B 47. B
34. B
35. A
36. C

FILL IN THE BLANKS

48. a. At bedtime
b. After getting up in the morning
c. Before meals
49. a. The person attempts to urinate within 15 or 20 minutes at scheduled times.
b. If the person has a catheter, it is clamped to prevent urine from draining out of the bladder.
Usually the catheter is clamped for 1 hour at first and then is clamped for 3 to 4 hours at a
time. When the catheter is removed, voiding is encouraged every 3 to 4 hours or as directed
by the care plan.
50. Dysuria
a. Urinary tract infection
b. Trauma
c. Urinary tract obstruction
51. Hematuria
a. Kidney disease
b. Urinary tract infection
c. Trauma

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 47

52. Nocturia
a. Excessive fluid intake
b. Kidney disease
c. Prostate disease
53. Oliguria
a. Inadequate fluid intake
b. Shock
c. Burns
d. Kidney disease
e. Heart failure
54. Polyuria
a. Drugs
b. Excessive fluid intake
c. Diabetes
d. Hormone imbalance
55. An artificial opening between the ureter and the abdomen.

LABELLING
56. See Figure 29.12, p. 653 in the textbook (note the position of the arrow).
a. Increases or decreases in the amount of urine (after emptying drainage bag)
b. Complaints of pain, burning, need to urinate, or irritation
c. Colour, clarity, and odour of urine
d. Presence of particles in urine
57. a. Catheter
b. Drainage tubing
c. Safety pin, to secure the drainage tubing on the bed
d. Drainage bag
e. Clamp
58. To prevent the tubing from looping below the drainage bag. If the tubing fell below the
drainage bag, the urine would not be able to flow into the drainage bag.
59. The catheter is taped to the man’s abdomen to prevent movement of the catheter and friction
at the insertion site.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 48

CROSSWORD
Across Down
4. Glucosuria 1. Oliguria
6. Polyuria 2. Nocturia
7. Catheter 3. Catheterization
9. Frequency 5. Voiding
10. Hematuria 8. Urgency
11. Dysuria 12. Urination
13. Micturition
14. Acetone

Chapter 30: Bowel Elimination

TRUE OR FALSE 20. F

1. F 21. F
2. T 22. T
3. F 23. F
4. F
5. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
6. F 24. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
7. F 25. A, B, C, D, E, F, G
8. T 26. B, C, E, F, G
9. T 27. A, B, E, F, I, J
10. T 28. A, B, D
11. T 29. A, B, D, E
12. T 30. A, C, D
13. T
14. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
15. T 31. B
16. T 32. B
17. T 33. B
18. T 34. A
19. T 35. B

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 49

36. D 48. E
37. A 49. G
38. A 50. L
39. B 51. A
40. A 52. D
41. A 53. F
42. D 54. B
43. C 55. I
44. C 56. K
57. C
MATCHING 58. H
45. B 59. J
46. C
47. A

FILL IN THE BLANKS

60. Bacterial action causes the stools’ odour. 69. The pouch collects feces and flatus.
61. a. Skin irritation 70. Feces is present/balloons or bulges with
b. Skin breakdown flatus

c. Pressure injuries 71. 3–7 days, and whenever it leaks

62. Add 5 to 10 mL of table salt to 500 to 1 72. Before breakfast

000 mL of tap water. 73. Specimens are taken immediately to the
laboratory when the test requires a warm
63. By irritating and distending the rectum
stool sample.
64. You have given enough when the return
solution is clear and free of feces.
65. Usually about 40.5ºC for adults. LABELLING

66. Saline 74. a. 30 cm

67. Remind the client not to flush the toilet. b. 45 cm

68. If you release pressure, the solution 75. 7.5 to 10 cm

would be drawn from the rectum back into 76. Sims’ position
the bottle.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 50

WORD SEARCH
77. Feces 83. Suppository
78. Enema 84. Flatus
79. Ileostomy 85. Stool
80. Defecation 86. Diarrhea
81. Peristalsis 87. Chyme
82. Ostomy 88. Stoma

Chapter 31: Growth and Development

TRUE OR FALSE 5. T
1. T 6. T
2. F 7. T
3. T 8. F
4. F 9. F

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 51

10. T 37. L
11. T 38. B
12. F 39. D
40. K
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 41. E
13. B, C, D, E, G 42. I
43. M
MULTIPLE CHOICE 44. F
14. D 45. G
15. B 46. C
16. A 47. B
17. A 48. A
18. C 49. D
19. C 50. F
20. D 51. H
21. C 52. B
22. C 53. E
23. C 54. A
55. D
MATCHING 56. C
24. G 57. G
25. H 58. E
26. I 59. B
27. A 60. G
28. F 61. D
29. B 62. A
30. E 63. C
31. D 64. F
32. C 65. G
33. H 66. E
34. C 67. D
35. J 68. F
36. A 69. H

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 52

70. A FILL IN THE BLANKS
71. C 78. 7 years
72. B 79. 3 years
73. A 80. 3 years
74. C 81. Newborn
75. E
76. D LABELLING
77. B 82. B. Self-Esteem
83. C. Love and belonging
84. E. Physical
85. A. Self-Actualization
86. D. Safety

Chapter 32: Body Structure and Function

TRUE OR FALSE 18. F

1.T 19. T
2. F 20. F
3. F 21. T
4. T 22. F
5. T 23. T
6. F 24. F
7. F 25. F
8. F
9. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
10. T 26. A, B, D
11. T 27. A, C, D
12. T 28. A, B, D, E
13. F 29. A, C, D, F
14. F 30. A, B, C, E, G
15. T
16. F
17. T

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 53

MULTIPLE CHOICE 61. A
31. A 62. B
32. D 63. D
33. D 64. D
34. C 65. B
35. B 66. E
36. A 67. C
37. B 68. J
38. D 69. G
39. D 70. I
40. A 71. A
41. C 72. K
42. A 73. H
43. A 74. F
44. C 75. L
45. A 76. D
77. A
MATCHING 78. E
46. A 79. B
47. J 80. C
48. B 81. C
49. C 82. E
50. I 83. B
51. F 84. F
52. H 85. D
53. D 86. A
54. G 87. E
55. E 88. A
56. D 89. F
57. A 90. B
58. C 91. C
59. B 92. D
60. C

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 54

FILL IN THE BLANKS
93. Bones/conscious control
94. The nervous system controls, directs, and coordinates body functions.
95. a. Sight
b. Hearing
c. Taste
d. Smell
e. Touch
96. Amplify/inner ear/malleus, incus, stapes
97. The digestive system breaks down food physically and chemically so it can be absorbed for
use by the cells.
98. Stool
99. Kidney
100. a. Release ova
b. Secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone
101. a. Regulate metabolism of carbohydrates
b. Regulate the amount of salt and water that are absorbed and lost by the kidneys
102. a. It maintains the balance of fluid between the blood and tissues, known as fluid
homeostasis.
b. It forms part of the body's immune system and helps defend against bacteria and other
intruders by transporting white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes.
c. It facilitates absorption of fats and fat-soluble nutrients in the digestive system.

LABELLING
103. a. Hinge joint; elbow
b. Ball and socket; hips
104. a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Brain stem
105. a. Right atrium; receives blood from body tissues
b. Right ventricle; pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen
c. Left atrium; receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
d. Left ventricle; pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
e. Superior vena cava; carries blood from the head and arms to the right atrium

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 55

 f. Aorta; a large artery that receives blood directly from the left ventricle and then branches
into other arteries that carry the blood to all parts of the body
106. a. Pharynx
b. Trachea
c. Right main bronchus
d. Left main bronchus
e. Diaphragm
f. Pleura
g. Alveolus
107. a. Salivary glands
b. Pharynx (throat)
c. Esophagus
d. Stomach
e. Small intestine
f. Large intestine
g. Rectum
h. Anus
i. Liver
j. Pancreas
k. Gall bladder
108. a. Kidneys
b. Ureters
c. Urinary bladder
d. Urethra
109. a. Urethra
b. Testis
c. Epididymis
d. Vas deferens
e. Seminal vesicle
f. Urinary bladder
g. Prostate gland
h. Corpus cavernosum
i. Rectum

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 56

110. a. Mons pubis
b. Clitoris
c. Labia minora
d. Urethra
e. Labia majora
f. Vagina
g. Anus

CROSSWORD
Across Down
2. Vein 1. Metabolism
4. Peristalsis 3. Menstruation
7. Hemoglobin 5. Capillary
9. Artery 6. Digestion
10. Tissue 7. Hormone
12. Cell 8. Organ
13. Immunity 11. System

Chapter 33: Common Diseases and Disorders

TRUE OR FALSE 12. F

1. F 13. T
2. F 14. F
3. T 15. F
4. F 16. F
5. T 17. F
6. F 18. T
7. F 19. T
8. T 20. T
9. T 21. F
10. F 22. T
11. F 23. F

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 57

24. T 55. B, C, E, F, G
25. T 56. B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N
26. T 57. B, C, D, E, F
27. T 58. B, E, F, G
28. F 59. A, C, E, G, H, I, J
29. T 60. A, B, C, D, E, F
30. T 61. B, C, D, E
31. T 62. A, B, C, F, G, H
32. F
33. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
34. F 63. C
35. T 64. B
36. T 65. C
37. T 66. B
38. T 67. B
39. T 68. B
40. T 69. D
41. T 70. A
42. T 71. A
72. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 73. C
43. B, D, E, G, H, I, J 74. A
44. A, B, D, E, F 75. D
45. A, B, C, E, F 76. B
46. B, D, E 77. A
47. B, E, F, G, H, I, J 78. C
48. A, B, E, F, H, I, J 79. D
49. A, C, D, E, F, H, J
50. C, D, E, F, G
51. A, B, C, D
52. B, C
53. A, B, C, D
54. A, B, C, D, E

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 58

MATCHING 87. B
80. B 88. A
81. A 89. B
82. B 90. A
83. A 91. B
84. B 92. B
85. A 93. C
86. B 94. A

FILL IN THE BLANKS

95. Because pain occurs with weight-bearing and joint motion
96. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
97. a. Maintain joint motion
b. Control pain
c. Prevent deformities
98. a. A pressure injury could have developed, or there could be poor circulation or nerve
damage
b. Reduced blood flow to the area
c. Reduced blood flow to the area
d. Reduced blood flow to the area
e. Infection
f. Pressure on a nerve
g. Pressure on a nerve
h. Cool skin means poor circulation; hot skin means inflammation
i. Infection
j. Infection
99. a. Body image
b. Daily activities
c. Work
100. a. Healing is slower for older clients
b. Older clients are at risk for life-threatening postoperative complications (e.g.,
pneumonia)

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 59

101. a. Activities of daily living
b. Promoting normal elimination
c. Speech
d. Movement
102. Smoking
103. a. Provide adequate fluids
b. Position the client in Fowler’s or semi-Fowler’s position
c. Assist with oxygen therapy, as needed
104. Airborne droplets
105. a. Standard Practices
b. Airborne precautions
106. a. Flush down the toilet
b. Place in a biohazard bag and dispose of following facility policy
107. a. Blood pressure tends to rise with age, beginning at about age 35
b. Hypertension is more common among Canadians of South Asian, Aboriginal, and
African descent
c. If a parent has hypertension, the adult child has a greater change of also developing it; if
both parents have hypertension, the risk increases even more
d. The risk increases if the weight is stored around the abdomen
e. Repeated exposure to stress may raise blood pressure levels
f. May contribute to hypertension
g. Excessive alcohol consumption increases blood pressure
108. (Any five of the following.)
• Meet basic needs if the client is confined to bed; prevent complications of bed rest
• Measure intake and output
• Measure daily weight
• Restrict fluids as ordered by the designated health care provider
• Assist with transfers or ambulation
• Assist with self-care activities
• Maintain good positioning and body alignment according to the care plan
• Apply elastic stockings to reduce leg swelling
109. Older clients usually have fragile skin. Combined with tissue swelling and poor circulation
associated with heart failure, this makes them at high risk for skin breakdown.
110. 2 000–3 000 mL

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 60

111. From one month to one year. However, some people do not recover and develop chronic
renal failure.
112. Slowly destroyed
113. Wastes and excess water from the blood
114. a. Limit fluids
b. Measure blood pressure in the supine, sitting, and standing positions
c. Measure weight daily with the same scale
d. Use bath oils, lotions, and creams on the skin to prevent itching
e. Provide frequent oral hygiene
f. Encourage rest
g. Meet basic needs if the client is confined to bed, and prevent complications of bed rest
115. Because a small injury on the foot may not heal (due to poor circulation and slow wound
healing). This could lead to infection and gangrene. Amputation may be necessary.
116. Gloves when assisting with perineal care, when cleaning clients who are incontinent, and
when handling bedpans and rectal thermometers
117. a. Red, brown, pin, or purplish blotches on the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids;
swollen glands in the armpits, groin, neck
b. White spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat
c. Memory loss, confusion, dementia
d. Rapid weight loss, diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
118. AIDS reduces the client’s ability to fight infections.
119. Genital area, rectum, ears, mouth, nipples, throat, tongue, eyes, and nose

LABELLING
120. See Figure 33.15, p. 787 in the textbook (left diagram—shaded from the neck down).
121. See Figure 33.15, p. 787 in the textbook (right diagram—shaded from the waist down).

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 61

Chapter 34: Hearing and Vision Disorders
MULTIPLE CHOICE
TRUE OR FALSE 15. C
1. T 16. B
2. F 17. B
3. F 18. D
4. T 19. D
5. T 20. B
6. T 21. A
7. T 22. C
8. T
9. T

MULTIPLE RESPONSE MATCHING

10. A, B, D, F, G, H, I 23. C
11. A, B, C 24. B
12. A, D, E 25. D
13. A, B, C, E, F, G 26. A
14. A, B, C

FILL IN THE BLANKS

27. a. Because they cannot follow conversations. They may be afraid of embarrassing
themselves by giving a wrong response.
b. Because they cannot hear if someone else has something to say.
c. Because they are under continual stress trying to compensate for their hearing impairment.
28. a. Wash glass lenses with warm water and dry with a soft tissue. Use special cleaning
solutions, tissues, and cloths to clean and dry plastic lenses.
b. Store glasses in their case.
29. Blind
30. a. Speak to the owner/handler rather than to the dog.
b. Do not touch the dog without asking permission first
c. Do not offer food to a service dog

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 62

 d. Inform the handler if a service dog approaches you
e. Never assume that a napping service dog is off duty

Chapter 35: Speech and Language Disorders

TRUE OR FALSE 13. A, B, C

1. F 14. A, B, C, D, F, G
2. T 15. A, B, C, E
3. F 16. A, B, C, D, E, F
4. T 17. B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, N
5. F
6. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
7. F 18. A
8. F 19. A
9. T 20. B
10. F 21. D
22. C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
11. A, C, D, E, F, H
12. B, C, E

FILL IN THE BLANKS

23. Inability to control the movements of the muscles used to speak/ cannot control lip, jaw, or
tongue movements and therefore cannot make the desired sounds and words
24. Difficulty speaking clearly because of weakness or paralysis in the muscles used to speak/
usually have slurred, slow, and soft speech and often have problems forming words, spacing
their words, and breathing while speaking

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 63

Chapter 36: Developmental Disorders and Disabilities

TRUE OR FALSE 19. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I

1. T 20. A, B, C, E
2. F 21. A, B, D, F, G, I, J, K, N
3. F 22. A, B, C, D, F, G
4. T
5. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. F 23. B
7. T 24. C
8. F 25. A
9. T 26. C
10. T 27. A
11. T
12. T MATCHING
28. B
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 29. C
13. A, B, C, D, F, G 30. A
14. A, B, C, D, E, G 31. D
15. A, B, C, E, F 32. B
16. B, C, D, F, H, I 33. C
17. A, B, C, D 34. A
18. B, C, D, E, F, G

FILL IN THE BLANKS

35. a. Heart defects
b. Vision and hearing problems
c. Ear infections, respiratory infections, and thyroid gland problems
36. a. Near drownings
b. Choking
c. Suffocation
d. Stroke
37. Eating, writing, dressing, walking, moving

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 64

38. a. Communication
b. Social skills
c. Behaviour
39. a. Foot weakness and bowel and bladder problems
b. Rarely causes impairments
c. Leg paralysis and lack of sensation; bowel and bladder control impairments
40. a. The head will enlarge, which increases pressure on the brain
b. Intellectual disabilities
c. Neurological damage

Chapter 37: Mental Health Disorders

TRUE OR FALSE 20. F

1. T 21. F
2. F 22. F
3. F 23. T
4. F 24. T
5. T 25. F
6. T 26. T
7. T 27. F
8. T 28. T
9. T 29. T
10. T 30. T
11. F 31. F
12. F 32. F
13. T
14. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
15. F 33. A, C, D, E, F
16. F 34. A, B, C, E
17. T 35. A, B, D, E
18. F 36. B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, M, N
19. T 37. A, C, D, F
38. A, C, E, F

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 65

MULTIPLE CHOICE 46. B
39. C 47. B
40. C 48. D
41. C 49. D
42. C 50. B
43. A
44. D
45. D

FILL IN THE BLANKS

51. A persistent thought or desire
52. The uncontrollable urge to perform an act
53. People sometimes act on obsessive ideas in order to deal with the recurring thought. (e.g.,
people obsessed with the idea that germs are on their hands will often wash their hands
repeatedly.)
54. Delusion of grandeur (unless, of course, the person is the prime minister!)
55. Depression and mania
56. Bulimia/vomiting
57. The person takes diuretics to try to lose weight.
58. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder
59. Anxiety disorder
60. Bipolar disorder
61. Antisocial personality disorder

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 66

Chapter 38: Disorientation, Delirium, and Dementia

TRUE OR FALSE 27. A, B, C

1. F 28. B, C, D
2. T
3. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. F 29. C
5. T 30. A
6. T 31. B
7. F 32. A
8. F 33. C
9. F 34. A
10. F 35. C
11. F 36. A
12. F 37. B
13. F 38. D
14. T 39. B
15. F 40. C
16. F 41. C
17. T
18. T MATCHING
19. T 42. D
20. T 43. C
21. F 44. F
22. T 45. B
23. F 46. G
47. A
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 48. E
24. A, B, C, D, F, G, H 49. F
25. B, C, D, E, F 50. D
26. A, B, C, E 51. B
52. C

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 67

53. E 62. A
54. A 63. C
64. B
FILL IN THE BLANK 65. B
55. B 66. C
56. A 67. A
57. A, B 68. C
58. A 69. A
59. B 70. Older persons/physical
60. B 71. 65
61. C

72. a. Extreme responses. The person acts as if there is extreme danger, a disaster, or a tragedy.
b. The person may fidget, pace, hit, or yell.
c. The person may hit, pinch, grab, bite, or swear. These behaviours may result from
agitation and restlessness.
d. People in later stages of dementia may have poor communication skills and be very
confused. They may scream to communicate.
e. Sexual behaviours involve the wrong person, the wrong place, and the wrong time.
Sometimes, people with dementia cannot control behaviour. They may undress or
masturbate in public.
f. People with dementia sometimes repeat themselves over and over. For example, they may
ask the same question repeatedly or fold the same napkin repeatedly.
73. The caregiver may overstimulate the client (e.g., overwhelming the client with instructions or
choices or rushing the client).
74. Encourage the client’s sexual partner to show affection, or take the client to his or her room
and provide for privacy and safety. Notify your supervisor if the client repeatedly touches his
or her genitals because this may be a sign of infection or pain.
75. a. The person may be tired or hungry.
b. The person may be frightened by poor light or shadows.
c. The person may be afraid of the dark.
76. The person may become agitated or aggressive or the person may scream.
77. a. Speak clearly and slowly
b. You are going to do and why
c. Directions and answers to questions

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 68

 d. Large numbers in the person’s room and in other areas
e. Familiar objects and pictures within view
f. Clear and simple / to respond
g. A calm, relaxed
78. The person would not likely look for locks in these places. Therefore, they prevent the person
from wandering away.
79. The person often cannot understand or follow reason.

Chapter 39: Promoting Oxygenation

TRUE OR FALSE 22. F

1. F 23. F
2. T
3. F MULTIPLE RESPONSE
4. F 24. A, C, D
5. F 25. A, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K, N, O, P
6. F 26. B, C, D, E
7. T 27. A, D
8. T 28. A, B, C, D
9. T 29. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
10. T 30. A, B, C
11. F 31. A, C, D
12. T 32. A, B, C
13. F 33. A, C, E, F, G
14. F 34. B, C, D
15. T 35. B, C, D, E
16. T 36. A, B, C, E, F, G
17. T 37. A, D
18. T
19. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
20. F 38. A
21. T 39. C
40. B

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 69

41. C MATCHING
42. B 49. D
43. D 50. C
44. C 51. B
45. D 52. A
46. C 53. E
47. C 54. C
48. D 55. D
56. A
57. B
58. F

FILL IN THE BLANKS

59. a. Structures of the respiratory system must be intact and functioning. The airway must be
open, and the alveoli must exchange O2 and CO2.
b. Blood must flow to and from the heart. Narrowed vessels affect blood flow.
c. The blood must have enough red blood cells because the hemoglobin in the red blood
cells picks up oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the cells.
d. Nervous system diseases and injuries can affect respiratory muscles. Some make
breathing difficult or impossible.
e. Respiratory muscles weaken and lung tissue becomes less elastic with age. Also, strength
needed for coughing decreases with age. Coughing removes secretions from the upper
airway. If the person cannot cough, pneumonia can result. Older persons are at risk for
respiratory complications after surgery.
f. Oxygen needs increase with exercise. For people with heart and respiratory diseases, even
slight activity increases oxygen needs.
g. Oxygen needs increase when fever is present.
h. Pain increases the need for oxygen.
i. Some drugs depress the respiratory centre in the brain (e.g., narcotics).
j. Smoking causes lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
k. Allergies may cause wheezing, congestion, and swelling of the upper airways. People
with allergies are at risk for chronic bronchitis and asthma.
l. Some air pollutants (e.g., dust, fumes, toxins, sawdust) damage the lungs.
m. Good nutrition is needed to produce red blood cells (iron and vitamins are needed).

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 70

 n. Alcohol depresses the brain. Excessive amounts of alcohol reduce cough reflex and
increase the risk of aspiration. Obstructed airway and pneumonia are risks from aspiration.
60. Pneumonia/atelectasis
61. a. Oxygen is delivered directly into each person’s unit. Each unit is connected to a centrally
located oxygen supply.
b. Oxygen is stored in a metal tank. The tank may be placed at the bedside for clients who
are confined to bed, or the tank may be transported on a wheeled cart or in a shoulder bag.
c. Oxygen concentrators remove oxygen from the air and store it. If the concentrator is not
portable, the client must stay close to the machine.
62. a. An oxygen mask that covers the nose and mouth. It has small holes in the sides. Room air
enters the mask during inhalation, and CO2 escapes during exhalation.
b. A bag is added to the simple face mask. The bag is for exhaled air. When breathing in, the
client inhales oxygen, some exhaled air, and some room air.
c. Prevents exhaled air and room air from entering the bag. Exhaled air leaves through holes
in the mask, so only oxygen from the bag is inhaled.
d. Allows precise amounts of oxygen to be given.
63. Nothing; bubbling means the humidifier is producing water vapour.
64. Nostrils, ears, and cheekbones.
65. The person may write or use hand signals, magic slates, or communication boards.
66. Before/during/after
67. a. A drop in pulse rate or a pulse rate less than 60 beats per minute
b. Irregular cardiac rhythms
c. A drop or rise in blood pressure
d. Respiratory distress
e. A drop in the SpO2
68. Hyperventilate the lungs/ suctioning
69. Because the person depends on others for basic needs.

CROSSWORD
Across 12. Hypoxemia
2. Tachypnea 13. Apnea
7. Hyperventilation 14. Pollutant
9. Suction 15. Orthopnea
10. Bradypnea 17. Dyspnea
11. Sputum

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 71

Down 6. Hemoptysis
1. Pneumothorax 8. Intubation
3. Pleural effusion 16. Allergy
4. Hemothorax
5. Hypoventilation

Chapter 40: Heat and Cold Applications

TRUE OR FALSE 17. A, B, C, E, F

1. F 18. A, B, D, F, G, J, L, M, N, P
2. T
3. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. F 19. C
5. F 20. A
6. T 21. B
7. T 22. D
8. F 23. B
9. F 24. C
10. F
11. T MATCHING
12. T 25. C
26. A
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 27. B
13. A, C 28. D
14. B, C, D 29. A
15. A, B, C, E, F, G 30. C
16. A, B, D 31. B
32. D

FILL IN THE BLANKS

33. Blood vessels constrict, and therefore blood flow decreases.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 72

Chapter 41: Caring for Infants and Their Parents

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. T 20. B, C
2. F 21. A, B, D
3. T 22. A, B, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, N, P, Q, R
4. F 23. A, B, C, E, F, H
5. F 24. B, C
6. T 25. B, C, D, E, G, J
7. T 26. A, B
8. T 27. B, C, D, E
9. T 28. A, B, D
10. F 29. A, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K
11. F
12. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
13. T 30. C
14. T 31. B
15. F 32. B
16. T 33. B
17. F 34. A
18. T 35. D
19. T 36. D
37. C

FILL IN THE BLANKS

38. a. This formula is poured directly from the can into the baby bottle.
b. Add water according to the directions on the container.
c. Add water according to the directions on the container.
39. Tell your supervisor immediately/because diarrhea can quickly upset the baby’s water
balance and harm the baby
40. Possible answers for safety tips to consider when swaddling a baby include:
a. Always put the baby on the back when swaddled

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 73

 b. Use one light cotton blanket (such as a receiving blanket) to wrap the baby from the
shoulders down. The swaddling blanket should never cover the baby’s head.
c. Wrap the blanket tight enough so it doesn’t come loose (because loosened blankets in the
crib could increase the risk for suffocation), but not so tight that it squeezes the chest or
keeps the legs from moving. You should be able to fit a finger between the baby and the
blanket, similar to a child safety seat harness.
d. Watch the baby’s temperature. (A baby who is too hot is a greater risk of sudden infant
death syndrome [SIDS].) Check frequently to ensure the baby is not overheating.
e. Room temperature is appropriate if it is comfortable for adults wearing light clothing. The
baby should have no more than one layer of clothing more than what you are comfortably
wearing.
f. Swaddling should be stopped when the baby begins to have strong purposeful movement
and when the startle reflex is not as strong
g. To reduce the risk of an unstable or loose hip joint (hip dysplasia), let the baby’s legs stay
slightly bent and spread apart when swaddled

Chapter 42: Caring for the Young

TRUE OR FALSE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. T 12. B
2. F 13. A
3. F 14. B
4. T 15. C
5. F 16. B
6. F 17. D
7. T 18. B
8. F 19. B

MULTIPLE RESPONSE
9. B, C, D, F, H
10. A, , C, D, E, G
11. A, B, D, F, G

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 74

FILL IN THE BLANKS
20. (Any of the following answers, in any order.)
a. Violent behaviour of a family member
b. Frequent visits by strangers that make the family fearful or uneasy
c. Suspected abuse of illegal drugs (e.g., presence of instruments or equipment for drug use)
d. Presence of frequent bruises and cuts on child or other children in the family
e. School-aged child is not enrolled in school and is not being home-schooled
f. Excessive drinking by a family member (e.g., presence of liquor bottles hidden throughout
house, or child’s parent/caregiver is intoxicated)
g. Electricity, heat, or water got turned off in child’s home
h. Severe shortage of clothing or food (e.g., no food in cupboards or fridge, child is dressed
inappropriately for the weather)
i. Illness of child that has not been reported to you
j. Sudden departure of caregiver
k. Unexpected return of a family member.

Chapter 43: Caring for Older Persons

TRUE OR FALSE 15. T

1. F 16. T
2. T 17. T
3. F
4. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
5. T 18. A, C, E
6. F 19. A, B, C, D
7. T
8. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
9. T 20. A
10. F 21. C
11. T 22. C
12. T 23. C
13. F 24. D
14. T 25. B

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 75

MATCHING 39. C
26. B 40. C
27. C 41. A
28. D 42. A
29. A 43. C
30. E 44. B
31. F 45. A
32. G 46. B
33. C 47. A
34. A 48. B
35. B 49. B, C
36. D 50. A
51. B, C
FILL IN THE BLANKS 52. a. Separation from children.
37. B b. Lack of companionship.
38. B

53. Sometimes the roles reverse—the child cares for the parent.
54. a. Getting involved in the new activities in the community
b. Being involved with grandchildren and family
c. Home care clients can participate in a “friendly visitor” program, and long-term care
residents can participate in social activities offered in the facility
55. Women usually live longer than men.
56. a. Physical/mental health
b. The will to live/to die by suicide
57. a. Move away or die
b. to talk to/speak the same language as others in the community
58. a. Skin breakdowns, tears, and pressure injuries may result.
b. Fewer nerve endings affect the ability to sense heat, cold, and pain.
c. The client may have decreased mobility, thus increasing the risk of falls.
d. Bones may break easily—sometimes even turning in bed can cause fractures.
e. Older people may not feel pain when ill or injured and not tend to the illness or injury, or
they may not feel heat and burn themselves.

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 76

 f. Risk of falls increases. Reduced blood flow to the brain may cause dizziness and fainting.
Energy levels, memory, and reflexes are also affected.
59. a. Protect the client from drafts.
b. Offer socks, sweaters, blankets.
c. Ask to raise the thermostat setting.
60. a. Activity—Encourage the client to be as active as possible.
b. Diet—The diet should be rich in protein, calcium, and vitamins.
61. Heat/cold
62. Decreased kidney function/not drinking enough fluids
63. The bladder muscles/the size of the bladder
64. To help reduce the need to urinate during the night

Chapter 44: Home Management

TRUE OR FALSE 17. A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K

1. F 18. A, D, F, H, I
2. T
3. F MULTIPLE CHOICE
4. F 19. D
5. T 20. D
6. T 21. A
7. F 22. B
8. T 23. C
9. F
10. T MATCHING
11. F 24. C
25. F
MULTIPLE RESPONSE 26. A
12. A, B, C, D, E, G 27. D
13. C, D, E 28. E
14. A, B 29. B
15. B, D, G
16. A, B, C, D, E, H

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 77

FILL IN THE BLANKS
30. (Any of the following answers, in any order.)
• Wear protective gloves while handling waste containers.
• Use proper personal protective equipment (PPE), which includes:
o Protective gloves made of vinyl or nitrile rubber.
o A moisture -resistant, long -sleeved gown with elastic cuffs.
• Discard gloves and gowns after each use.
• Wear gloves and a disposable gown to provide personal care and to handle soiled laundry.
• Place the laundry into a waterproof bag that is separate from other laundry.
• Place all sharps in puncture proof containers before bagging.
• Encourage the client to use a separate toilet, urinal, or commode chair.
• Personal items should be stored at the client’s bedside.
• Flush toilet contents twice after each use.
• Clean all reusable equipment and surfaces twice, using a hospital-grade disinfectant.
• Encourage men to void while sitting, to prevent splashing contaminated urine.
• Advise the client to discard their toothbrush after completion of their drug therapy.
• Follow all workplace policies regarding hazardous waste disposal of cytotoxic drug
preparation.
• Refrain from wearing your protective clothing outside of the preparation area.

Chapter 45: Medication Management

TRUE OR FALSE 9. F
1. F 10. T
2. F
3. F MULTIPLE RESPONSE
4. F 11. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I
5. T 12. A, B
6. T 13. A, B, C, E
7. T 14. A, C, D, E
8. T 15. A, B, C, D, F, G
16. A, C, D

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 78

17. B, C 31. A
18. A, B, C, E, F, G, I 32. I
33. E
MULTIPLE CHOICE 34. J
19. A 35. C
20. D 36. B
21. C 37. G
22. B 38. A
23. D 39. E
24. A 40. D
25. D 41. B
26. C 42. C
27. B
FILL IN THE BLANKS
MATCHING 43. a. Ointments, e.g., eye cream
28. D b. Syrups, e.g., cough syrup
29. F c. Drops, e.g., nose drops
30. H

Chapter 46: Working in Acute Care

TRUE AND FALSE MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. T 11. A, B, C, E, H
2. F 12. A, B, C, E
3. F 13. A, C, D, E
4. T 14. A, B, E
5. F 15. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
6. T 16. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
7. F 17. B, D
8. F 18. C, E
9. T 19. A, B, C, E, F, H
10. T 20. A, B, C, E
21. A, E

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 79

MULTIPLE CHOICE 35. A
22. D 36. B
23. D 37. C
24. A 38. A
25. A 39. A
26. B 40. B
27. B 41. A
28. A
LABELLING
MATCHING 42. A. Laryngeal mirror
29. B B. Nasal speculum
30. D C. Ophthalmoscope
31. A D. Tuning fork
32. C E. Vaginal speculum
33. B F. Otoscope
34. C G. Percussion hammer

Chapter 47 End-of-Life Care

TRUE OR FALSE 13. F

1. T 14. T
2. F
3. T MULTIPLE RESPONSE
4. F 15. A, B, C, E
5. T 16. A, B, C, D, F, G
6. T 17. A, B, C, E
7. T 18. A, C, D, E, F
8. F
9. T MULTIPLE CHOICE
10. F 19. C
11. T 20. D
12. F 21. B
22. C

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 80

23. D 37. B
24. A 38. E
25. C
26. C FILL IN THE BLANK
27. D 39. B
28. A 40. B
41. B
MATCHING 42. C
29. A 43. A
30. D 44. B
31. B 45. B
32. C 46. A
33. E 47. B
34. D
35. A
36. C

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. 81