Indigenous peoples’ creation stories most often assert that;the people were born from the land or came

to the land from a spiritual place Many academics assert that our current form of
democracy was influenced by ; Indigenous forms of government at the time of European contact In Europe, the Christian religion was a “proselytizing religion .” This means
that;Christians believed that others must convert to Christianity or be eternally damnedWhich of the following is not true of the outcomes of the fur trade as it affected Indigenous people?
the fur trade created long-term and permanent economic stability for Indigenous nationsThe term terra nullius means empty land A treaty is an agreement between two states that has been
formally concluded and ratifiedThe Robinson – Huron treaty of 1850 set a precedent for all future treaties made to acquire lands for settlement . Which of the following is not true of those
precedent-setting inclusions to treaties?indigenous people were to forfeit hunting and fishing rights over the land that was ceded in the treatyThe government accepted fiduciary
responsibility for First Nations people when it passed the Indian Act. Fiduciary responsibility means the legal or ethical responsibility to manage something, usually money or property, in
trust for another person (or people) and act in their best interests Indigenous people opposed Chrétien’s White Paper, which proposed legislation that would in effect eliminate the Indian
Act . Why? because the White Paper proposed to eliminate reserve land and treaty status for IndiansSpecial rights accorded to Indigenous people in Canada today in the areas of education
and taxation arean attempt at reconciling the inequalities of the pastAfter the Indian Act was established, who had control over the sale of Indian reserve lands?the federal government
through the Indian agent In the case of R v Sparrow, a two-part test for limiting an Aboriginal right was created. The first part of that test says that the Crown must have a compelling and
substantial objective if it is to limit an Indigenous right. An example of this isprotection of a resource The 1888 St Catharines Milling case set the precedent for the definition of
Indigenous title to land ford. 100 years.In the St Catharines Milling case, the court came to the conclusion that Indigenous groups had a “personal and usufructuary right” to land, which
means the right to use the land at the pleasure of the Crown, so that the Crown has the authority to remove the right at any timeIn the Calder case, the decision over whether or not Indian
title to land can be extinguished without treaty resulted in the setting of a standard by which such extinguishment can occur . Which of the following defines that standard? in a clear and
plain way In the Sparrow case, the Crown set out a two-part test for limiting an Indigenous right . The first part was that the Crown must have a compelling and substantial objective, and
the second part was tha the limit must be consistent with the Crown’s fiduciary responsibility to Indigenous peoplesThe framework of the litigation process to determine an Indigenous
right has four steps . Which of the following is not one of those steps?paying out for loss of the right A comprehensive land claim is a.a claim to territory that is not covered by treaty or
land cession agreements Co-management of land and resources has been implemented in some areas where Indigenous rights have not been extinguished . Co-management effectively is
the inclusion of non-traditional groups such as environmentalist groups, Indigenous groups, and industry in decision-making over resources A specific land claim is a claim that relates to
specific misdealings of the Crown with relation to land or resources Which of the following is not one of the three types of land claims active in Ontario? claims of abuse Those who write
about abuse within Indian residential schools generally divide the abuse into four categories. Which of the following is not one of those categories? financial In the struggle to redress the
abuses suffered at the residential schools, the federal government has agreed to discuss compensation for which of the following forms of abuse? b. sexual/physical The most popular
method of seeking redress for individual victims of abuse prior to the IRSSA was civil litigationThe Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Missing Children Project believes that it is
unlikely that all of the children will ever be accounted for . The primary reason is that the record-keeping protocol at the schools was incomplete and allowed for record destructionWhich
of the following was not involved in the set-up and administration of Indian schoolsa. the provincial governmentsThe ultimate purpose of residential schools was to forcibly assimilate
Indigenous populations There was a significant delay between the time that the need for child welfare services on reserves was recognized and the time that services became available.
This delay was due to the inability of the federal and provincial governments to agree on a cost-sharing process to provide services Which of these statements is most accurate regarding
Indigenous languages in Canada? few Indigenous people today speak their original Indigenous languageThe alternative dispute resolution process set up to deal with compensation finally
produced a resolution in 2006 called the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. What avenues would be available to survivors who experienced serious psychological trauma
as a result of physical abuse?a. the individual assessment process Article 2 of the 1948 United Nations Convention on Genocide identifies acts that, if committed with intent to destroy a
national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, constitute genocide . Which of the following acts is not contained within the definition of genocide?c. failing to provide education in the
language of choice Which of the following calamities came to the people of Grassy Narrows in the 1960s? mercury poisoning from a pulp and paper mill Among the people in Canada
reporting Indigenous ancestry, the fastest growing population is Métis For status Indigenous people living on-reserve and for the Inuit, health care a federal responsibility covered by
Health CanadCompared with people in the general population, how likely are Indigenous people to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? twice Which of the following Indigenous
populations has an infection rate for tuberculosis that is 32 times the national average? the Inuit One path to economic development for Indigenous communities is to access the natural
resources in the land, but they are having trouble doing so becaus the resources are on lands that are currently under claimWhich of the following has not been a factor in Hobbema’s
descent into chaos?d. lack of access to natural resourcesJoan Sangster attributed the overrepresentation of Indigenous women in the criminal justice system to three things . Which of the
following is not one of those three the isolation of Indigenous communities from the main citiesThe biological perspective of examining alcohol problems in Indigenous communities was
popular prior to 1970 . This perspective relies on the belief that problem drinking is a weakness of race and Indigenous people have a genetic predisposition to alcoholism The 1991
Report of the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry of Manitoba made several findings . Which of the following is not one of its conclusions? Indigenous offenders are more likely to have their
sentences reduced Which of the following is the definition of “systemic discrimination” as it pertains to the Justice system? the enforcement of laws and policies that are inherently
prejudicial to a group or culture Most comprehensive studies of the criminal justice system in relation to Indigenous people recommend d. a system in which the Indigenous system and the
dominant system are interrelated Which of the following is not a feature of Indigenous traditional justice? personal offences are seen as transgres-sions against the stat Which of the
following is the definition of “race paternalism”?a. a system under which the dominant group takes authority to supply the needs and regulate the conduct of a minority groupGladue
courts are courts where all Crown attorneys, defence counsel, and judges have received specialised training in Indigenous issueOne of the aims of Indigenous healing lodges is to help
Indigenous offenders stay connected to their communitiesThe Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) has helped many Canadians learn about the residential school experience, but
not everyone knows about it yet. More work is needed to make sure everyone understands what happened and why it matters./.Private and class action lawsuits might have helped some
people, but the ADR process allowed more people to work together to heal and solve problems. It also focused on making things right for everyone, not just a few individuals. If I were
Bryce or Simes, I would write reports about the bad conditions and ask the government to fix them. I would also tell the public what was happening to make sure people knew the trut/.The
worst harm from residential schools was taking away Indigenous people’s culture, language, and identity. This hurt families and communities deeply and still causes problems today.