FILE
MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 11
IGCSE ICT
Chapter 11:
• Generic File Format
• Reducing File Sizes for Storage and Transmission
Chapter 13:
• Understanding Document Layout LEARNING
• Header and Footer OBJECTIVES
Chapter 14:
• House Style
• Fonts and Formatting Tools
FILE
MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 11
FILE VS FOLDER
• File: a collection or set of • Folder: a container used to hold
interconnected data and files and subfolders.
information
GENERIC FILE FORMAT
• Generic file formats allows you to save
files so that they can be opened on any
platform.
• The files may not contain all of the
formatting that can be saved in a
package-specific format.
• Using generic formats allows files
created on a PC to be read/imported on
an Apple Mac and vice versa.
• Some file types are not generic, for
example .accdb (Access databases).
GENERIC FILE FORMAT
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FILE
TYPE
• Attached to an HTML document
.css Cascading Stylesheet
• Used to determine presentation and styling such as colours, fonts, layout, and positioning
Comma separated • A plain text file format used for storing data in a structured manner
.csv
value • Easy to import and export data between different applications and platforms
Graphics Interchange • Used for short, animated images and simple graphics
.gif
Format • Use a lossless compression algorithm
• Uses the lossy compression method
.jpg Joint Picture Group
• JPEG files are commonly used for storing and transmitting digital photographs
• Rendered by web browsers, allowing users to view and interact with web pages
.htm Hypertext Markup
• Contain text-based code that defines the structure, layout, and content of a webpage
• A file format used for storing formatted text documents that can contain different text
.rtf Rich Text Format
styles, fonts, colours, and other basic formatting elements
• Contains only human-readable text without any additional formatting or styling
.txt Text File
• Can be opened and edited using a word processor or basic text editor
• A container used for compression
.zip Zipped File
• Allows multiple files and folders to be compressed into a single, smaller-sized archive
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REDUCE FILE SIZES
Why?
• Files that are smaller in size upload and download faster
than larger ones and thus are better for transferring data.
• There are two types of data compression: lossless (a
method of compressing a file where no data is discarded)
and lossy (a method of compressing data where some
data is discarded). Each methods reduces the number of
pieces of data in a file.
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TYPES OF COMPRESSIONS
LOSSY COMPRESSION LOSSLESS COMPRESSION
• Works by permanently deleting some of • It reduces files with no loss of
the data in the file information during the process.
• The original image can never be • This enables the original file to be
reconstituted when it is decompressed. recreated exactly when uncompressed
• It cannot be used for text files or because nothing is lost.
program files because a document with • It works by finding repeated data in a file
lots of missing words would be (redundant data) and only saves the data
unreadable. once and keeps an index of where it
• During the compression, the program should be included.
analyses the image and finds areas where • Mainly used for documents, text and
there are only slight differences that we numerical data where it is essential not
might not be able to distinguish. to lose any information.
• ZIP and RAR compression uses lossless
compression.
