Worc

orcestershir
estershire
e Loca
Local Tr
Transport
ansport Plan
Pl 3

Highways Specification
Updated February 2021

Find out more online:

www.wor
www.w cestershire.govv.uk
worcestershire.go
orcestershire.gov.uk
 2020 WORCESTERSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL SPECIFICATION

1.0 GENERAL………………………………………………………………………………………9
1.1 Scope of the Specification………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
1.2 Substitute and Additional Clauses…………………………………………………………………………………… 10
1.3 Working within Existing Highway……………………………………………………………………………………..10
1.4 Typical Test and Supervision Procedure……………………………………………………………………………10
1.5 Works Adjacent to Existing Highway Structures………………………………………………………………. 10
1.6 Subcontracting of the Works…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
1.7 Approval of Drawings Prior to Commencement of the Works…………………………………………. 11
1.8 Commencement of the Works………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
1.9 Works to be to the Director of Environmental Services Satisfaction………………………………… 11
1.10 Variation of the Works……………………………………………………………………………………………………12
1.11 Access to the Works……………………………………………………………………………………………………….12
1.12 Signing, Guarding and Lighting……………………………………………………………………………………….12
1.13 Mud and Other Debris on the Highway…………………………………………………………………………. 12
1.14 Pollution and Obstruction of Watercourses and Sewers…………………………………………………12
1.15 Removal of Improper Materials and Workmanship………………………………………………………..13
1.16 Making Good Damage to Existing Highway…………………………………………………………………….13
1.17 Land Drains…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
1.18 Archaeological Interests………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
1.19 Health and Safety File…………………………………………………………………………………………………….14
1.20 CCTV Surveys………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14
1.21 Design Considerations…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
1.22 Design of Construction Thickness………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
1.23 Safety Requirements………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
1.24 Notification of Emergency Contact Detail……………………………………………………………………… 16
1.25 Preliminary Site Works………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
1.26 Developer Obligations…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
1.27 General Construction Requirements……………………………………………………………………………… 17
1.28 Surface Regularity and Tolerances………………………………………………………………………………….18
1.29 Construction and Earthworks Materials………………………………………………………………………… 19
1.30 Plate Bearing Tests………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
1.31 Concrete for Ancillary Purposes……………………………………………………………………………………..20
1.32 Traffic Signs & Road Markings………………………………………………………………………………………..20
1.33 Public Utilities within Carriageway………………………………………………………………………………… 21

2.0 EXCAVATION & FILLING.................................................................. 22

2.1 Topsoil Stripping……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
2.2 Excavation to Formation…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
2.3 Areas Below Formation…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
2.4 Forming Areas of Fill…………………………………………………………………………………………………………22
2.5 Embankments & Cuttings…………………………………………………………………………………………………23
2.6 Granular Material Backfill…………………………………………………………………………………………………23

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2.7 Backfill Materials and Construction Depths………………………………………………………………………24

3.0 WEATHER CONDITIONS…………………………………………………………… .. .25

3.1 Earthworks Operations…………………………………………………………………………………………………….25
3.2 Construction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25

4.0 PREPERATION OF FORMATION…………………………………………………....26

4.1 Shaping and Compaction………………………………………………………………………………………………….26
4.2 Weather Protection………………………………………………………………………………………………………….26
4.3 Geotextile Requirement………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 26
4.4 Shared Surface, Access Roads and Industrial Estate Roads……………………………………………….27
4.5 Drainage of Sub Grade……………………………………………………………………………………………………..27

5.0 CARRIAGEWAY FOUNDATION………………………………………………………29

5.1 General…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….29
5.2 Sub Formation and Capping……………………………………………………………………………………………..29
5.3 Capping Material…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
5.4 Sub-Base Materials…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..29
5.5 Capping & Sub-base Depths……………………………………………………………………………………………..30

6.0 CONCRETE & GROUT……………………………………………………………………31

6.1 Concrete…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
6.2 Concrete Aggregates………………………………………………………………………………………………………..31
6.3 Storage of Concrete Aggregates……………………………………………………………………………………….31
6.4 Cement…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31
6.5 Rapid Hardening Cement………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
6.6 Sand………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
6.7 Water……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
6.8 Grout………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 32

7.0 CARRIAGEWAY LAYERS……………………………….……………………………….33

7.1 General…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….33
7.2 Bond Coat……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
7.3 Base Layer………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..33
7.4 Binder Layer……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34
7.5 Surface Course………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
7.6 Coated Chippings……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..34
7.7 Carriageway Air Void Compaction…………………………………………………………………………………… 35
7.8 Geosynthetic Grid Reinforcement…………………………………………………………………………………… 35
7.9 Concrete Block Paving…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
7.10 Joints in Bituminous layers……………………………………………………………………………………………. 36
7.11 Road Markings & Road Studs………………………………………………………………………………………… 36

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8.0 KERBS & CHANNELS……………………………………………………………………..39
8.1 Kerb Race and Backing……………………………………………………………………………………………………..39
8.2 Kerbs - General Requirements………………………………………………………………………………………….39
8.3 Radius Kerb Lines……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..40
8.4 Kerb damage & replacement…………………………………………………………………………………………… 40

9.0 GULLY GRATES & FRAMES……………………………………………………………41

9.1 General Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………………..41
9.2 Spacing of Gullies……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41
9.3 Ironwork within Cycleways/Footways………………………………………………………………………………42

10.0 GULLY POTS……………………………………………………………………………….43

10.1 General requirements - Type and Size (Refer to Standard Detail Appendix E)…………………43
10.2 Bedding and Surround…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43
10.3 Gully Connections…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43

11.0 HIGHWAY DRAINAGE…………………………………………………………………44

11.1 General Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………………44
11.2 Surface Water Pipes……………………………………………………………………………………………………….45
11.3 Concrete Surround to Pipes…………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
11.4 Backfilling……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
11.5 Connection to Existing Highway Drainage Systems…………………………………………………………48
11.6 Soakaways…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
11.7 Testing & Cleansing………………………………………………………………………………………………………..48

12.0 MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION………………………………………………………..50

12.1 General Requirements (Refer to Standard Details in Appendix E)…………………………………..50
12.2 Rungs & Ladders…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….50
12.3 Safety Chains………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….50
12.4 Warning Signs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51
12.5 Rocker Pipes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..51
12.6 Manhole Benching………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
12.7 Manhole Cover & Frames……………………………………………………………………………………………… 51
12.8 Bedding………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….52
12.9 Skid Resistance of Inspection Chamber Covers……………………………………………………………… 52
12.10 Flow Control Devices and Manholes……………………………………………………………………………. 52

13.0 HEADWALLS……………………………………………………………………………….54
13.1 General Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………………54

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14.0 FOOTWAYS / CYCLEWAYS…………………………………………………………..55
14.1 Preparation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
14.2 Footway/Footpath/Cycleway – Sub-base………………………………………………………………………. 55
14.3 Footway/Footpath/Cycleway - Base Course……………………………………………………………………55
14.4 Footway/Footpath/Cycleway - Binder Course……………………………………………………………….. 55
14.5 Footway/Footpath/Cycleway - Surface Course……………………………………………………………….55
14.6 Bond Coat……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56
14.7 Crossfalls………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..56
14.8 Edge Supports………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..56
14.9 Block paved Footways & Footpaths………………………………………………………………………………. 56
14.10 Sacrificial construction………………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
14.11 Public Utility works within a footway……………………………………………………………………………57

15.0 VEHICLE, PEDESTRAN & CYCLE CROSSINGS………………………………..59

15.1 Vehicular Crossings……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
15.2 Pedestrian Crossings……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
15.3 Cycle Crossings……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….59
15.4 Construction Depths……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
15.5 Dropped Kerbs and Alignments………………………………………………………………………………………59
15.6 Tactile Paving………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 60

16.0 VERGES & VISIBILITY SPLAYS………………………………………………………61

16.1 Seeding and Turfing – General………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
16.2 Initial Ground Preparation…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
16.3 Fertilizer Application……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
16.4 Seeding…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
16.5 Turfing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………62
16.6 Maintenance of Seeded Areas………………………………………………………………………………………. 62
16.7 Maintenance of Turfed Areas………………………………………………………………………………………… 62
16.8 Overseeding………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 62
16.9 Edge Support Delineation……………………………………………………………………………………………… 63

17.0 STRUCTURES………………………………………………………………………………64
17.1 General…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 64

18.0 STREET LIGHTING – HIGHWAY LIGHTING, ILLUMINATED

SIGNS & ILLUMINATED BOLLARDS……………………………………………………..65
18.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
18.2 Procedures Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………..65
18.3 Method 1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 66
18.4 Setting Out Column Positions………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
18.5 Installation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..66

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18.6 Electrical Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….67
18.7 Inspections by Worcestershire County Council……………………………………………………………… 67
18.8 Additional Developer Responsibilities……………………………………………………………………………. 68
18.9 Charges by the County Council……………………………………………………………………………………….68
18.10 Method 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69
18.11 Design Considerations…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 69
18.12 Design Requirements……………………………………………………………………………………………………70
18.13 Highway Lighting Equipment Requirements and Installation Standards………………………. 70
18.14 Setting Out Column Positions……………………………………………………………………………………….71
18.15 Electrical Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
18.16 Inspections by Worcestershire County Council……………………………………………………………. 72
18.17 Additional Developer Responsibilities…………………………………………………………………………. 72
18.18 Charges by the County Council……………………………………………………………………………………. 73

19.0 STREET NAME PLATES………………………………………………………………..74

19.1 General…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74

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 APPENDIX A – Construction Thicknesses
(i) APPENDIX B – Testing to be carried out by Contractor
APPENDIX C – Worcestershire County Council Highways Construction
Testing and Inspection Programme for New Developments
(ii) APPENDIX C1 – Earthworks, Sub-base & Trench Reinstatement
APPENDIX C2 – Compaction Plant
APPENDIX C3 – Earthworks Compaction Table
APPENDIX C4 – Sub-base Compaction Table
(iii) APPENDIX C5 – Trench Reinstatement Compaction Table
APPENDIX D – Bituminous Material, Temperature Guidelines
APPENDIX E – Standard Drawings

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DEFINITIONS
• The Authority shall mean: Worcestershire County Council.
• The Developer shall mean: The Person, Persons or Firm or Company as defined in the
Agreement.
• The Agreement shall mean: The Agreement under Section 38 or Section 278 of the
Highways Act, 1980 agreed and entered into between the Authority and theDeveloper.
• The Specification shall mean: Worcestershire County Council’s Highways Specification
for New Developments.
• Director of Economy & Infrastructure shall mean: Mr John Hobbs, Director of Economy
& Infrastructure, County Hall, Spetchley Road, Worcester WR5 2NP or his appointed
representative.
• The Works shall mean: The Permanent Construction Works to be executed in
accordance with this Specification as detailed on the Drawings and as defined in the
Agreement.
• The Drawing shall mean: The Plans Section and Details (and any subsequent
amendment thereto) approved by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure and
referred to in and attached to the Agreement.
• The Site shall mean: The Lands owned by the Developer and the Minimum extent of
such Public Highways and Public and Private Lands, which in the opinion of the Director
of Economy & Infrastructure is necessary and practicable for the proper construction of
the Works.
• Approved Directed and Instructed shall mean: Approved, Directed and Instructed by
the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.
• B.S. shall mean: The relevant British Standard current at the time of the execution of the
Works.
• Sewer shall mean: Sewers, Culverts and Drains of all descriptions (except sub-soil drains)
whether for the conveyance of foul sewerage, storm water or surface water.
• Department of Transport Specification shall mean: Latest Edition of the Department of
Transport Specification for Highways Works hereafter called DoT SHW.
• Technical Approval for Highway Structure shall mean: The procedures for technical
approval of all highway structures as required by the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure.
• The Testing Consultant: A laboratory accredited by UKAS for the required tests or
otherwise approved by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.
• California Bearing Ratio (CBR): A value derived from a standard test indicating the ratio
of the strength of a particular soil compared with the corresponding strength of crushed
rock.
• Subgrade: Existing natural ground at and below formation.
• Formation: The level from which constructioncommences.
• Carriageway: The surfaced area of the road designed primarily for the passage of
vehicles.
• Highway: A route where traffic has the right to pass. It may be restricted to particular
classes of vehicles. The highway consists of the carriageway, cycleway and footway
surfaces and includes any verges or vision splays.
• Manhole: A chamber constructed at specified intervals along drainage lines to allow
access for cleaning or maintenance.

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• Gully: An open topped pot usually made of concrete constructed at the carriageway
edge to drain water from the carriageway. The aperture at the top of the gully is covered
with a cast iron grating.
• Channel: A narrow strip usually placed at the edge of the carriageway designed to
transfer surface water.
• Cycleway: The part of the carriageway over which cyclists have right of way.
• Footpath: A highway over which the public has right of way on foot only. It is remote
from the carriageway.
• Footway: The part of the highway adjacent to the carriageway and is a right of way on
foot only.

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1.0 GENERAL
NOTES FOR GUIDANCE

UNDER CDM REGULATIONS 2015 THE DEVELOPER IS REGARDED AS THE CLIENT, ANYONE
WHO HAS INPUT TO THE DESIGN PROCESS IS REGARDED AS A DESIGNER & THE CLIENT
MUST APPOINT A PLANNING CO-ORDINATOR TO OVERSEE THE KEY PROCEDURAL
STAGES. ALL OF THESE ROLES WITHIN CDM HAVE A CLEAR & PRECISE RESPONSIBILITIES
& OBLIGATIONS.

FOLLOWING ADOPTION OF ANY SCHEME THE DEVELOPER MUST PASS TO THE HIGHWAY
AUTHORITY THE HEALTH & SAFETY PLAN. DETAILS TO BE SUBMITTED TO INCLUDE AS-
BUILT DRAWINGS SHOWING ALL ADOPTED ASSETS. DETAILS TO BE PROVIDED MUST
ALSO INCLUDE ANY OTHER INFLUENCING FACTORS FOR FUTURE MAINTENANCE.
PERSONNEL WORKING IN THE HIGHWAY SHOULD POSSESS ALL NECESSARY
ACCREDITATION FOR THEIR FUNCTION AS STATED WITHIN THE SPECIFIC WCC TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT & HIGHWAYS APPLICATION.

THE DEVELOPER SHALL COMPLY WITH THE CONTROL & POLLUTION ACT, LAND
DRAINAGE ACT & ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT IN PREVENTING THE POLLUTION
OR BLOCKING OF WATERCOURSES. CONTAMINATED LAND SHALL BE SUITABLY
REMEDIATED & HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSSED OF IN COMPLIANCE WITH CURRENT
LEGISLATION & RECORDED WITHIN THE CDM HEALTH & SAFTEY FILE.

• ON-SITE WHEEEL WASHING EQUIPMENT TO BE PROVIDED IN ACCORDANCE

WITH PLANNING CONSENT DECISION NOTICE & HIGHWAY AGREEMENT.
• ANY REQUIRED SIGNAGE, TEMPORARY OR PERMENANT, SHALL BE PROVIDED SO
NOT TO DAZZLE, CAUSE DISTRACTION OR GLARE.
• PREVENTION OF NOISE SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH CURRENT BEST
PRACTICE & THE PROVISIONS OF THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION ACT 1974 (OR
AMENDMENTS THEREAFTER) & ANY WORKING TIMES SPECIFIED WITHIN
PLANNING CONSENT DECISION NOTICE
• DUST, SMOKE & THE ARISING FROM ANY CUTTINGS, SAWING, GRINDING, &
DRILLING OPERATIONS SHALL BE CONTAINED OR SURPRESSED TO ENSURE THAT
NO DUST OR DEBRIS ESCAPES AS AIRBORNE POLLUTION.

1.1 Scope of the Specification

1.1.1 This specification refers and applies to the design and construction of highways and
highway infrastructure constructed by or on behalf of a private Developer where the Council as
the Highway Authority will, undertake to adopt the highways and highway infrastructure as
highways and highway infrastructure maintainable by the Authority at public expense, at the
end of the maintenance period and following inspection and satisfactory completion of
works.

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1.2 Substitute & Additional Clauses
1.2.1 Where any Works proposed to be undertaken by a Developer are deemed by the Director
of Economy & Infrastructure not to be covered by the various Clauses of this Specification then
the Director of Economy & Infrastructure shall, where he considers it desirable or necessary,
issue, substitute or include additional Clauses and all details, drawings, substitutions and
additional Clauses so issued shall be read and construed as forming part of this.

1.3 Works within Existing Highway

1.3.1 Where it is necessary to break open an existing highway to lay or maintain apparatus, the
Developer is required, under Section 50 the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991, to give
prior notice in accordance with the requirements of the specific WCC Traffic Management
Highway Application.
There is an online process via the Worcestershire County Council website for any applications to use
traffic management on the Worcestershire highways. Traffic management on the highways
application link:

http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/info/20007/travel_and_roads/688/licences_and_permits
Section 278 road space applications and enquiries: [email protected]
Any road closure applications: [email protected]
Temporary traffic lights & lane closures: [email protected]
Permit plans and general enquiries: [email protected]

1.3.2 All works within the highway must comply with the Traffic Management Act (TMA)
notification requirements. Developers must be aware that standard notification period is
three months; therefore, notification must be made to the Highway Authority at an
appropriate time to avoid delays.
1.3.3 No work shall be carried out in the public highway until such notices have been received
and approved.

1.4 Typical Test & Supervision Procedure

1.4.1 Refer to Appendix B

1.5 Works adjacent to Existing Highway Structures

1.5.1 No Works shall be carried out adjacent or at the approaches to, below, or through, on, or
over any existing highway structure without the written permission of the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure. Such permission will be withheld where the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure considers the Works or the manner in which the Works are proposed
to be carried out may endanger the structural condition, stability or safety of the structure.

1.6 Sub-contracting of the Works

1.6.1 Should the Developer appoint or intend to appoint any other person, persons, Firm or
Company to construct the Works (or any part thereof) on his behalf then he shall, not less
than seven days prior to the commencement of the Works submit to the Director of

10
Economy & Infrastructure in writing the name, office, address and 24 hour telephone number of
the person, persons, Firm or Company to whom or to which the Works (or any part thereof)
will be assigned.

1.6.2 Sub-contracting of the construction of the Works (or any part thereof) shall not in any way
relieve the Developer from his obligations and liabilities under the terms of the Agreement
and he shall be responsible for the acts, defaults and neglects of the person, persons, Firms or
Company to whom or to which the Works (or any part thereof) have been assigned including
their agents, servants or workmen as fully as if they were the acts, defaults and neglects of
the Developer, his agents or workmen.

1.7 Approval of Drawings prior to Commencement of the Works

1.7.1 The Developer shall not commence construction of the works until he is advised in writing
by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure that the Drawings and Documents including all
details contained therein are sufficient and satisfactory in all respects, and that the
arrangements and negotiations in respect of the Agreement are satisfactory or have been
completed and concluded and the Agreements entered into.

1.8 Commencement of the Works

1.8.1 The Developer shall not less than seven days prior to the commencement of the Works
and after serving all required notices and gaining necessary permission, advise the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure in writing of his intention to commence the Works. Work shall not
proceed without the Construction Phase Health and Safety file being in place with the
necessary Authorities.

1.8.2 The Developer shall not discontinue the Works without prior approval of the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure and shall where such approval is given, notify the Director in writing
of his intentions for securing, safeguarding and protecting the partially completed Works and
indicating the anticipated period of cessation. The Developer shall give not less than seven
days’ notice in writing to the Director of Economy & Infrastructure of his intention to
recommencement the Works.

1.8.3 No works shall commence until all approvals have been granted and necessary notice
period durations completed as specified within clause 1.3.1 – 1.3.3.

1.9 Works to be to the satisfaction of Director of Economy & Infrastructure

1.9.1 The Developer shall execute, complete and maintain the Works in strict accordance with
the requirements of this Specification to the satisfaction of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure and shall comply fully with and adhere strictly to the directions and instructions of
the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

1.9.2 The decisions of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure in respect of the requirements,
provisions and interpretations of these General Conditions and Specification shall be final
and binding.

1.10 Variation of the Works

1.10.1 No variation of the position, alignment, dimensions, levels or construction details of the

11
Works shall be made without the written consent of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

1.11 Access to the Works

1.11.1 The Director of Economy & Infrastructure and any other persons authorised by the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure shall, at all times, have access to the Works.

1.12 Signing, Guarding & Lighting

1.12.1 The Developer shall provide and maintain any necessary watching and lighting,
temporary barricades, traffic control, etc., as required for the safe execution of the Works. For
emergency use outside normal working hours, the Developer shall prior to the
commencement of the Works, provide a sign at every end of the works detailing daytime and
night-time telephone numbers and address of the person responsible for site security and traffic
safety and control. The Developers must obtain the approval of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure before using any temporary signals on the existing highway. When working on the
public highway the developer must provide a sign at each end of the scheme providing details of
TM Permit Number for the scheme, contractors name and out of hours contact telephone
number.

1.13 Mud and Other Debris on the Highway

1.13.1 The Developer is reminded that it is an offence under the Highways Act 1980 to deposit
or allow materials to be washed onto a Highway and should therefore take all reasonable steps
to ensure that the Highway is kept clear of all mud, clay, lime or similar material during the
execution of the project. It may be necessary to provide wheel washing facilities to ensure
that all vehicles leaving the site are sufficiently clean to ensure that no materials are
deposited on the Highway.

1.13.2 The existing public highway must not be used for stockpiling or storing plant, materials or
equipment. The use of the existing publicly maintained Highway by plant and machinery is
likely to cause damage to the Highway and the Developer/Contractor will be liable for the
cost of the reinstatement under Section 59 of the Highways Act 1980 if any damage has been
caused to the Highway.

1.14 Pollution & Obstruction of Watercourses & other Sewers

1.14.1 The Developer shall not during the construction and maintenance of the Works allow any
naturally occurring materials, construction, and building materials, chemical, poisonous and
inflammable substances, obnoxious solid, gasses or fluids, sewage or other organic and
inorganic impurities to be discharged from the Works and cause pollution or obstruction to
any canal, river, watercourse, ditch or surface water sewers and drains.

1.14.2 Should the Developer be aware that pollution is being caused by reason of his operations
then he shall immediately cease the operation causing or considered to be causing the
pollution and shall as a matter of urgency and without delay inform the relevant Environment
Agency and the Director of Economy & Infrastructure of the location and estimated extent of
the pollution and the action being taken to alleviate or prevent further pollution takingplace.
The Developer shall recommence the operations only when he has taken effective
preventative measures to the satisfaction of the Environment Agency and the Director of

12
Economy & Infrastructure to ensure that no further pollution will occur.

1.15 Removal of Improper material & other workmanship

1.15.1 The Director of Economy & Infrastructure may during the progress of the construction of
the Works order the following should he deem necessary:
• The removal from the site of any materials not complying with the requirements of
this Specification.
• The substitution with materials complying with the requirements of this
Specification.

• The removal and proper re-execution of any work which in the opinion of the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure has not been constructed in accordance with
the Drawings and/or to the requirements of this Specification.
1.16 Making Good Damage to Existing Highway
1.16.1 Prior to commencement of the works, the Developer shall arrange for the existing
highway network, to be used by construction traffic, in the vicinity of the site to be inspected in
the presence of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure representative and a video record of
its condition made for future reference.

1.16.2 Where the surface of any existing highway or public area of any kind has been disturbed
during the course of the Works, these shall be fully reinstated with similar materials to the
satisfaction of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

1.16.3 Any damage sustained to the footways, verges, carriageways or existing public highway
by delivery vehicles and plant servicing the development shall be deemed to be the
responsibility of the Developer. Any damages caused to the highway by the movement of
construction traffic to and from a development must be rectified by the developer once construction
is completed and following the completion of a pre and post construction highway condition survey
to the satisfaction of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

1.16.4 Failure on the Developer’s part to so do may result in the Council or its Agent carrying out
these works and recharging all costs incurred to the Developer. Section 133 Highways Act 1980
provides the Local Authority with rights to make good any damage to the public highway
adjacent to a development and recover all costs from the developer.

1.17 Land Drains

1.17.1 The Developer shall replace any land drains which have been disturbed in carrying out
the Works and make good the same in a manner and with materials similar to those previously
existing or otherwise shall deal with such land drains as the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure or Local Land Drainage Authority may direct.

1.18 Archaeological Interests

1.18.1 These will usually have been considered and negotiated through the planning process in
relation to building proposals. However, from time to time archaeological discoveries maybe

13
made in the course of estate road construction. These must be notified to the Worcestershire
Archive & Archaeology Service, The Hive, Sawmill Walk, The Butts, Worcester WR1 3PD Tel
01905 822866.

1.18.2 The Archaeological Adviser will arrange for an inspection and rapid recording or removal
of material. Notification will not result in undue delays in construction.

1.19 Health & Safety File

1.19.1 In accordance with the requirements of the Construction (Design and Management)
Regulations 2015 (CDM), Developers are required to submit a Health and Safety File to the
Council in accordance with condition 12.

1.19.2 The information contained in the file needs to include that which will assist persons
carrying
• out work on the highway infrastructure at any time after the completion of the project
in question and needs to include:
• Brief description of the works carried out
• Record or ‘as built’ drawings
• Design calculations and assumptions
• General details of construction methods and materials used
• Details of any equipment and maintenance facilities
• Details of any highway structures including maintenance procedures and
requirements
• Details of the location and nature of all utilities and services including emergency
and fire-fighting systems
• Residual hazards and how they have been dealt with
• Any hazards associated with the materials used

1.19.3 The file must be submitted as soon as the project has reached practical completion.
Failure to submit this information in a timely manner will prevent the issuing of a provisional
certificate of completion.

1.20 CCTV Surveys

1.20.1 Prior to final surfacing the Developer is required to carry out a CCTV survey, at his own
expense, and provide a visual and written record of the result for any highway drains
constructed. Prior to carrying out the survey, the Developer shall ensure that the sewers and
manholes are clean and that all debris has been removed from connecting sewers and drains.
Prior to final adoption, a further CCTV survey may be required at the discretion of the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

1.21 Design Considerations

1.21.1 This construction Specification should be read in conjunction with Worcestershire County
Council’s Streetscape Design Guide.

1.21.2 The design is to take all necessary precautions to ensure that water from privately owned
land/properties does not drain directly into the Highway drainage system. It is a requirement
of the Highways Act 1980 to ensure that this is the case.

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1.21.3 Work will not be allowed to commence until the Director of Economy & Infrastructure
has approved the Section 38/278 plans in writing, developer has provided specified approved
drawings / agreement contact details & design checking / inspection fees have been paid.

1.22 Design of Construction Thickness

1.22.1 Section 38 carriageway construction constituent material depths are shown in Appendix
A1. Section 278 Works will be designed in accordance with DMRB standards or as otherwise
required by The Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

1.22.2 The Design CBR of the scheme should be derived using laboratory CBR tests in
accordance with BS 1377 Pt 4 (1990). The Design CBR is the lower of the long-term and
short-term CBR results. This investigation should take place before work commences,
i.e., during the approval process, and so CBR test results should be available from the
Ground Investigation Report for the development site. If the Developer does not
commission site investigation work before technical approval, then he must adopt a
Design CBR of 2.5% requiring 450mm Type 1 subbase. Once highway work commences
on site the Design CBR must not be increased, i.e., in-situ testing of the formation once
on site cannot be used to argue for a reduction in subbase thickness.

1.22.3 During construction, the in-situ CBR must be checked against the Design CBR using the
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) method as described in Clause 893 of the Draft
Specification contained in Section 5 of IAN 73/06 Revision 1. If the type of soil is
inappropriate for such testing then a Dynamic Plate test must be used. No fewer than
5 tests are to be carried out and at not more than 60m intervals. Additional tests may
be necessary to identify the location of different subgrade conditions. The subgrade
CBR value must be equal to or greater than the Design CBR.

1.22.4 If the in-situ CBR is found to be less than the Design CBR, then either the subgrade
must be improved to the Design CBR or the foundation must be redesigned.

1.22.5 Where the in-situ subgrade has a measured CBR value less than 2.5%, it must be
improved as described in Chapter 5 (paragraphs 5.16 to 5.21) of IAN 73/06 Revision 1
and its Design CBR must be based on the statements in those paragraphs.

1.22.3 Where the development is to be undertaken in areas that exhibit soft ground, buried
structures, landfill sites etc special design measures may need to be considered by the
developer. The detailed design so produced to cater for these eventualities must be approved
by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure prior to any construction works taking place.

1.22.5 Sampling and testing shall be undertaken in accordance with the relevant current British
Standards. All laboratory analyses are to be reported on UKAS certificates. It is possible that
other reporting formats may be used; however, they must be approved by the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure prior to use.

1.23 Safety Requirements

1.23.1 The developer shall be responsible for all safety aspects of the works prior tocompletion.

15
1.23.2 The Developer shall be responsible for the Construction (Design and Management)
Regulations 2015 in relation to the Development and all works associated with it. The
Developer is to ensure that all handling and installation processes are undertaken in
accordance with The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and Manual Handling Operations
Regulations 1992.

1.23.3 Before the commencement of the works, the Developer shall notify the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure of the identity of the Planning co-ordinator in accordance with the
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015.
1.23.4 The Developers responsibility under the Health and Safety at Work Act is also extended
to its sub-contractors, operatives, council Officers and members of the public who may have
access to the site. As the street manager the Developer is responsible for the Highway
including all matters pertaining to health and safety until such time as Worcestershire County
Council formally adopts the Highway.

1.24 Notification of Emergency Contact Details

1.24.1 The Developer/Contractor will erect and maintain an information board on site for the
duration of the works. The board will provide the name and contact phone number of a
responsible person for the works, who is able to direct any immediate action in connection
with works with regard to an emergency event. The person will be available 24 hours a day, 7
days a week to allow notification of dangerous event, incident or accident should they occur.
The information board must be clearly visible from the adopted Highway.

1.25 Preliminary Site Works

1.25.1 The Developer is to ensure that the relevant Licences specific to the works have been
obtained prior to carrying out any works within the adopted Highway:

1.25.2 The Director of Economy & Infrastructure must be given a maximum 3 months’ notice
prior to commencement of works within the highway in accordance with the Traffic
Management Act 1994 (TMA). Notification to carry out works within the Highway to be made to
Worcestershire County Council Streetworks Section as per clause 1.3.

1.25.3 All works are to be carried out to the satisfaction of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure.

1.25.4 The Developer may be required to prove the integrity of the works at any stage of the
project that the Director of Economy & Infrastructure may stipulate. If there is a need to prove
the thickness of a particular material layer that has been covered prior to inspection then the
Developer will be required to undertake coring to indicate the constructed thickness. This
work will be undertaken at the Contractors expense.

1.25.5 All Roads and visibility splays shall be set out and laid in accordance with the approved
layouts and associated Specification. They are to be maintained in this form until the completion
of all works.

1.25.6 At the location(s) where the new development Highway joins the existing Adopted
Highway, the new junction bellmouth,visibility splays and footways are to be constructed to

16
finished surfacing levels as soon as practically possible in the construction process.
Resurfacing/construction of the existing footway(s)/carriageway(s) are to be extended to
include any reinstatements or service trenches connected with the servicing of the new
Development. Reinstatement edges are to be cut back to a clean vertical edge and the
development constructed up to that point in accordance with standard detail.

1.26 Developer Obligations

1.26.1 The Developer and his sub-contractors shall take full responsibility for the stability and
safety of all site operations and methods of construction from commencement through to final
adoption.

1.26.2 The Developer/Contractor shall adhere to the provisions of all general or local Act of
Parliament and the regulations and bylaws of any local or statutory authority during the
construction of the development.

1.26.3 The Developer shall employ a competent and experienced supervisor on site at all times.
The supervisor and at least one operative working in the Highway shall be NRSWA accredited.

1.26.4 Sub-contractors engaged on the development will also be covered under the above
Clause.

1.27 General Construction Requirements

1.27.1 All materials used in or upon the works are to be in accordance with the appropriate
British Standard Specification and Volume 1 of the Highways Agency’s Manual of Contract
Documents for Highway Works. All materials shall be kitemarked or produced within an
approved Quality Assurance Scheme. All materials used within 450mm of finished surface
level shall be non-frost susceptible as defined in Clause 602.19 of Highways Agency (HA)
Specification for Highway Works.

1.27.2 Kerbs shall be installed prior to the construction of base layers.

1.27.3 Gully and Manhole covers within the Highway including footway ironwork shall not be set
to their final level until the completion of the installation of all base course materials.

1.27.4 Any exposed bituminous layer must be protected and kept clean for as long as it remains
exposed prior to the construction of the next layer. Where layers have become
contaminated the area is to be cleaned to the satisfaction of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure and, before the next layer is placed the area is to receive a tack coat laid in
accordance with the requirements of Clause 920 Ss 7 of Volume 1 Manual of Contract
Documents for Highway Works & BS EN 13808. If the layer is damaged it shall be removed and
replaced with material of suitable specification. Bond coat to be provided between all bound
layers.

1.27.5 All road, footway and cycleway bituminous materials shall be machine laid unless the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure has approved hand laying methods. The carriageway shall
be laid in two passes with the joint being at the centre line of the carriageway. The laying of
bituminous materials will not be allowed until all service installation has been completed.

17
1.27.6 All block work shall be protected from site traffic during the execution of the works. Any
damage is to be made good to the satisfaction of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure at
the Developers expense.

1.27.7 All highway verges are to be a minimum of 0.6m wide and are to be laid as grassed areas
in accordance with Section 17.

1.27.8 A sustainable approach to highway construction with particular emphasis on the use of
recycled material is encouraged. Testing for material in recycled coarse aggregate and
recycled concrete aggregate is to be undertaken in accordance with Clause 710 of Volume 1
Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works & Quality Protocol for Production of
Aggregates by Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP). Worcestershire CountyCouncil
has a committed approach to the use of recycled materials and can provide an approval process
including technical assessment and laboratory appraisals as necessary. It may be possible to
use recycled materials within appropriate construction phases provided that they do not
affect the structural or performance characteristics of the development. The approval
process will be undertaken at the expense of the Developer.

1.27.9 It is recommended that the Developer and his sub-contractors produce and maintain a
waste register. The waste register will detail all surplus materials that are disposed of from site.
This will allow an analysis to be performed indicating total wastage, hence lost revenue from the
project. It will therefore be possible for the Developer to formulate and administer
procedures in order to minimise the amount of wastage from site, which in turn will assist in
maximizing profitability as well as helping to safeguard the environment.

1.28 Surface Regularity & Tolerances

1.28.1 The level of any point on the surface of any pavement course of the carriageway, footway
or vehicle crossing after compaction shall be within the tolerances shown with the following
table:

Tolerances in surface levels of Pavement Courses

Course Tolerance from specified level (mm)
Surface Course + / - 6mm
Binder Course + / - 6mm
Base Course + / - 15mm
Sub-base & Capping + 10mm / - 30mm
Blockpaving Max 2mm difference in level between adjacent blocks

1.28.2 The thickness of any pavement course of the carriageway, footway or vehicle crossing
after compaction shall be within the tolerances shown with the following table:

Tolerances in thickness of Pavement Courses

Course Tolerance from specified level (mm)
Surface Course + / - 6mm
Binder Course + / - 6mm
Base Course + / - 6mm
Sub-base & Capping + 40mm / - 0mm

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 Surface course including + / - 6mm
Blockpaving

1.28.3 In addition to tolerance shown in above table the combined macadam surfacing shall not
be reduced by more than 6mm in total.

1.28.4 When testing with TRL Rolling Straight Edge on any line, irregularities must not exceed
those stated in the following table:

Surface Course
Irregularity 4mm 7mm
Permitted number of 9 1
irregularities over a 75m length
Permitted number of 20 2
irregularities over a 300m
length

Binder Course
Irregularity 4mm 7mm
Permitted number of 18 2
irregularities over a 75m length
Permitted number of 40 4
irregularities over a 300m
length

1.28.5 Trenches cut through any carriageway must be reinstated such that the finished wearing
course profile is +3mm or level with the immediately adjacent surface.

1.28.6 The Developer shall set all fixed surface features, boxes and ironwork in footway,
cycleway or carriageway to coincide with the level of the immediately adjacent surface. This
work must be undertaken prior to the application of the wearing course.

1.28.7 The difference in level of a fixed surface feature and the adjacent surface shall not exceed

Kerb upstand 125mm (+ or – 5mm)

Vehicular Crossing kerb upstand 20mm (+ or – 3mm)
Pedestrian Crossing kerb upstand 6mm (+0 or -3mm)
Surface adjacent to gully grating +5mm to +10mm

1.28.8 For a diagrammatic detail of the stepped construction detail refer to Appendix E.

1.29 Construction & Earthworks Materials

1.29.1 All materials incorporated into the works shall comply with the relevant current British
Standards and/or the current edition of the Department of the Environment and the
Highway Agency Specification for Highway Works (SHW) in the Manual of Contract
Documents. This requirement also applies to installation and workmanship. The materials shall
be approved by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure and due access shall be allowed to
the Director of Economy & Infrastructure for the purpose of sampling and testing.

19
1.29.2 Definitions of Earthworks materials along with the requirements of compaction of
earthworks, sub-base and trench reinstatements are contained within Appendix C1, C2, C3, C4
and C5 (Refer to the Specification for Highway works for compaction requirements)
1.29.3 Details of suitable compaction plant are provided within section C3, C4 and C5 and
compaction Tables for materials are provided as follows:

Earthworks Appendix C3

Sub-base Appendix C4

Trench Reinstatement Appendix C5

(Refer to the Specification for Highway Works)

1.30 Plate Bearing Tests

1.30.1 Plate bearing testing must be undertaken to ascertain the adequacy of the compacted
carriageway capping and sub-base layers prior to the laying of macadam basecourse.

1.30.2 Plate bearing tests to be located at a minimum 25 metres, or as directed by Director of

Economy & Infrastructure, (alternating both sides of carriageway). Minimum compaction which
must be reached as per table below:

Carriageway Layer Minimum acceptable Plate Bearing Test

Result
Capping 15%

Sub-base 30%

1.30.2 Plate Bearing Test to also be undertaken at carriageway formation level over all drainage
trenches located within carriageway. Test to be undertaken centrally on each drainage run or
every 25m whichever is the greater.

1.30.3 Minimum Plate size to be 375mm diameter or pro rata to construction depth testing. In
determining the plate size to use the depth of the bearing capacity tested is approximately twice
the plate size diameter. Eg 375mm diameter plate will determine the bearing capacity down to
750mm depth.

1.31 Concrete for Ancillary Purposes

1.30.1 All materials shall comply with the SHW Clause 1704 and BS8500.

1.32 Traffic Signs & Road Markings

1.32.1 All traffic signs to be designed & erected in accordance with the current “Traffic Signs
Regulations & General Directions”, “Traffic Signs Manual” and any further amendments
thereafter.

20
1.32.2 All traffic signs should comply with BS EN 12899:1 2007. The sign must also be CS badged
to the rear.
1.32.3 Road markings must accord with BS EN 1436:2018.

1.33 Public Utilities within Carriageway.

1.33.1 Utility depths within carriageways should accord with NJUG guidelines. Table below gives
summary of requirements.

Utility main or cable Required cover from carriageway finished level to top of
main or cable. (mm)
Street Lighting 600 *
Water 750 *
Gas 750 *
Cable TV / Communications 450 – 600 *
Electricity LV (Low Voltage) 600 *
Electricity EHV (High Voltage) 600 – 1200 *
* Utility services cannot be installed within the carriageway construction. If carriageway
construction is deeper than dimension stated then it must be deepened accordingly.
1.33.2 Public Utility carriageway duct crossings must be grouped together rather than placed
individually. The principles of all residential developments public utility designs must, in all
cases, reduce the number of carriageway duct crossings to the minimum required.

21
2.0 EXCAVATION & FILLING
2.1 Topsoil Stripping
2.1.1 Turf, topsoil and any other organic and unsuitable materials shall be stripped from all
areas beneath proposed carriageways, cycleways, footways and embankments to a minimum
depth of 150mm or as directed.

2.1.2 Topsoil shall be suitably stockpiled to a maximum depth of 2m and protected to prevent
rainfall scour and loss due to wind. The stockpiles should be stored separately from other
materials to avoid cross contamination.

2.1.3 Imported topsoil must conform to BS3882:2015 Cl4.1 Table 1

2.1.4 No material shall be deposited within 5m of any trees or as directed should a tree
preservation order be in place.

2.2 Excavation to Formation

2.2.1 The proposed area shall be excavated to a depth of 150mm or as directed. Unsuitable
material is to be removed and be replaced with approved granular material as described
within Section 2. All fibrous material must be removed.

2.2.2 Within 12 hours of the final preparation of the formation level it shall be covered with a
minimum 150mm of compacted sub-base in accordance with Clause 5.

2.3 Areas of Formation

2.3.1 Areas below formation following the removal of turf etc are to be made up with approved
suitable fill as detailed within Appendix C1.

2.3.2 Approved granular fill shall be used to fill any ditches or similar that run beneath the line
of the proposed works. The line of ditch should be piped if it is necessary to maintain flow along
this drainage path. If this is the case, the Developer should liaise with Worcestershire County
Council or the Local Land Drainage Authority. Minimum pipe diameter is 450mm or the
equivalent capacity. Minimum 750mm cover from top of pipe to finished road level must be
provided.

2.3.3 Approved granular material should also be used to fill isolated deep pockets such as old
basement voids. Any vertical walls shall be broken out to below formation level and the
granular material placed and compacted within the void to the requirements of C1, C2, C3, C4
and C5.

2.3.4 If existing land drains are encountered (other than 2.3.2) when excavating drainage or
carriageway, they shall be diverted or stopped up. Stopped up ends of redundant land drain
should be sealed with ST3 concrete.

2.4 Forming Areas of Fill

2.4.1 Material used to make up levels to formation shall be placed and compacted in accordance

22
with the requirements of Appendix C1, C2, C3, C4 & C5

2.4.2 Material used to form embankments shall be to the requirements of appendix C1.

2.4.3 Any widening works to carriageways on embankments must be undertaken with approved
granular material to the requirements of Appendix C1. The material shall be benched in and
compacted in accordance with Appendix C3.

2.5 Embankments & Cuttings

2.5.1 Where the level of carriageway construction necessitates either embankments or cuttings
being necessary then the excavation, placement & classification of materials shall be in accordance
with Highway Agency Standard Specification for Highway Works. Ground testing will be necessary to
ascertain the materials slope stability, settlement & heave. The classification of the material will
need to be undertaken by a UKAS accredited Geotechnical Engineer under the developer’s
instruction.

2.5.2 Checking of the proposal must be undertaken by Worcestershire County Council structural
engineers and all costs met by the developer.
2.5.3 Embankment and cutting gradients should be initially designed to a 1:3 as a rule however Cl
2.5.1 must be met.
2.5.4 Soiling and compacting of embankments & cuttings shall be carried out to an even surface to a
minimum 100mm depth of topsoil. (Compacting of the topsoil shall mean treading and raking in
several directions. Vibrating compactors should not be used)

2.6 Granular Material Backfill

2.6.1 Suitably approved granular material shall include the following characteristics:

Characteristic Acceptance Criteria

10% Fines Value 40Kn soaked basis (BS812)
Grading Well graded 9% passing 63 m sieve
Maximum Particle Maximum Particle Size 63mm

2.6.2 Recycled Aggregates used in granular fill shall be produced in accordance with WRAP (The
Waste & Resources Action Programme) Quality Protocol produced in conjunction with the
Environment Agency: Aggregate from Inert Waste. The results of quality control testing of
material carried out by the producer of the material shall be in accordance with above
document. These must be provided to Worcestershire County Council on request.

2.6.3 Where recycled aggregate, including concrete aggregate, is used in accordance with above
it shall not have more than 1% mass of foreign materials including wood, plastic and metal when
tested in accordance with BS933-11. Additionally, the threshold limits specified within ADEPT
Guidance Note – Managing Reclaimed Asphalt – Highways & Pavements 2019 shall not be
exceeded.

2.6.4 Additionally, the material must be free of clay and other contaminants. Alternatively, MOT
Type 1 or Type 2 Granular sub-base may be used.

23
2.6.5 If a granular material other than that specified within S1.5.1 has been placed as fill and
exhibits a deficiency in fines including an open textured compacted surface then the following
action should be taken:

2.6.6 Spread a fine granular material over the surface and vibro rolled in to fill all prevalent voids
prior to the placement of sub-base.

2.6.7 If this is not satisfactory a separating membrane shall be installed prior to the placement
of the sub-base.

2.7 Backfill materials & Construction Depths

2.7.1 Trench reinstatements on site should accord with the specification for either 6F1, 6F2 or
6F5 material.

2.7.2 Trench reinstatements in the existing Highway are to be undertaken in accordance with
the requirements of ‘NRSWA Specification for the Reinstatement of Openings inHighways’.

24
3.0 WEATHER CONDITIONS
3.1 Earthworks Operations
3.1.1 Working in wet conditions will adversely affect and damage existing ground including the
Sub-base and sub grade. If these materials have deteriorated due to trafficking then the
material shall be removed and replaced with Type 1 material or material corresponding to
Section 2.

3.1.2 No material in a frozen condition may be incorporated into the works.

3.2 Construction
3.2.1 No material shall be laid on any surface that is frozen or covered with ice or snow.

3.2.2 Materials incorporating bitumen binders, except Hot Rolled Asphalt, shall not be laid
where the temperature of the surface to be covered is below 2°C. If the surface is dry and free
of ice or snow then laying may proceed where the air temperature in the shade is at or above
1°C provided the temperature is rising.

3.2.3 Laying of Hot Rolled Asphalt shall cease if the temperature of the surface to be covered is
at, or falls below, 5°C or if the still air temperature in the shade falls below 8°C. Attention is
drawn to the additional wind chill factor in cold weather working conditions.

3.2.4 Footway and cycleway surface courses cannot be laid in cold, windy or wet conditions
unless precautions can be taken to ensure that the material is compacted above its minimum
laying temperature.

3.2.5 The Developer is to consider the adverse effects of applying coated chippings to rolled
asphalt materials in cold weather conditions. Wind chill factors can rapidly reduce the
temperature of the laid material and the Developers attention is drawn to the minimum
rolling temperatures contained within Appendix D.

3.2.6 Materials containing cement shall not be laid when the descending air temperature in the
shade falls below 3°C and laying shall not be resumed until the air temperature reaches 3°C.

3.2.7 Where fresh concrete or mortar containing Portland Cement has been placed within the
works and the temperature is expected to fall below 0°C within a period of up to 48 hours
after placing, then suitable insulating blankets should be used to ensure that the materials do
not freeze. These blankets must remain in place until the air temperature is at 3°C and rising.
The Developer must be made aware that the incorporation of additives or cement
replacements may retard the early strength gain. Care should therefore be taken to ensure
that damage does not occur after the initial 48-hour period.

25
4.0 PREPERATION OF FORMATION
4.1 Shaping & Compaction

4.1.1 Following reinstatement of any defective areas the formation shall be cleaned of any mud
and slurry prior to being compacted with a roller of suitable weight and type. The resulting
profile shall be properly shaped to an even and uniform surface in accordance with the
design levels.

4.1.2 At this stage the Developer shall obtain the approval of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure before further works can proceed.

4.1.3 Any depressions that occur during compaction shall be filled with an approved material
and compacted to the required standards.

4.2 Weather Protection

4.2.1 The formation shall be adequately protected from the weather and shall not be used by
construction traffic. The area should be covered with sub-base as soon as is practicable.

4.3 Geotextile & Geogrid requirements

4.3.1 Geotextiles, when used as a separation layer between sub-base & sub-grade, shall be
handled and laid as described below.
• They shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 15KN/m. The figure shall
be ascertained by the Wide Width Strip Test BS EN ISO 10319.
• The geotextile shall have a permeability to water flow at right angle to its plane of not
less than 10 litres per m2 per second under a constant 100mm head of water.
• The pore 090 size shall be between 60 & 300 microns.
• The particular geotextile shall be agreed with Director of Economy & Infrastructure.
• Geotextiles shall be stored so that they are not damaged by sunlight and shall be kept
free of contamination and shall not suffer mechanical damage. Where made ground or
fill is present, evidence will need to be provided showing that the geosynthetic will be
chemically & biologically resistant to those soils and its leachates.
• Geotextiles must be laid with a minimum 500mm overlap. The sub-grade must be
smooth prior to laying of the geotextile. No trafficking can take place on the geotextile
until the sub-base is provided.
• Where soils are weak an additional geogrid will be necessary – see below.
• The geosynthetic must comply with CE marking requirements & the Quality Control
Certificate(s) will be required.

4.3.2 Geogrids, used for reinforcement of un-bound aggregate in weak soils when installed
between sub-base or capping layer & sub-grade, shall be handled & laid as describedbelow.
• The quality control strength of the geogrid when tested in accordance with BS EN 10319
& expressed as the lower 95% confidence limit in accordance with ISO 2602-1980, shall
be 40KN/m with a peak strain of around 11% in longitudinal and transverse directions.
• In addition, typically the loads of 2% & 5% strain shall be 14KN/m & 28KN/m respectively
in longitudinal and transvers directions.

26
 • The ribs of the geogrid shall be of rectangular cross-section in longitudinal and
transverse directions with a nominal edge thickness of 1.35mm.
• The geogrid nominal aperture size shall be 30mm x 30mm. However, triangular aperture
geogrids are acceptable and must be agreed with Director of Economy & Infrastructure.
• The geogrids must be manufactured from polypropylene sheet, orientated in two
directions so that the resulting ribs shall have a high degree of molecularorientation.
• The geogrid shall be inert to all chemicals naturally found in soils and shall have no
solvents at ambient temperatures. It shall not be hydrolysis, shall be resistant to
aqueous solutions of salt, acids & alkalis and shall be non-biodegradable.
• The geogrid shall have a minimum of 2% finely divided carbon black, as determined by
BS2782, well dispersed in the polymer matrix to inhibit attack by ultravioletlight.
• The geogrid shall be manufactured in accordance with the Quality Assurance
requirements BS EN ISO 9001. If required the developer must provide evidence that the
manufacturers Quality Assurance System has been certified to conform with BS EN ISO
9001 by an external authenticating authority.

4.3.3 The following geotextile information will need to be supplied

• Manufacturers name, commercial name of geotextile
• Method of manufacture & constituent materials, mass per unit area
• Nominal thickness
• Dimensions & weight of geotextile roll
• Strength, pore size & permeability

4.3.4 An approved geogrid can also be used to reinforce a thinner than normal pavement
foundation as party of a bespoke design agreed with the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.
Any proposal to reduce the sub-base thickness must be supported with a report taking into
consideration the site investigation, product properties and following design criteria.

Traffic Loading = 1000 standard axles (1 standard axle = 80KN)

Maximum permitted rut depth = 40mm

4.3.5 Geotextiles and Geogrids shall extend 500mm outside the kerb line.

4.4 Shared Surface, Access Roads & Industrial Estate Roads

4.4.1 Shared Surface, Access Roads and Industrial Estate Roads must comply with the above
requirements over their entire width.

4.5 Drainage of Sub-grade

4.5.1 Adequate drainage shall be provided on all sites to ensure that the water level is
maintained at a depth of at least 300mm below formation.
• The subgrade drain pipes must be run to an approved outfall.
• Subgrade drainage may not be required where the formation is not rutted and there
is no evidence of free standing water, and
• Where a site investigation has deemed that the highest annual ground water level is
300mm or greater below formation
• Free draining sand and gravel strata are prevalent at formation

27
4.5.2 Where Subgrade drainage has been found to be required but is impractical to achieve
separating membranes shall be placed above and below an additional 150mm layer Of Type 1
sub-base which is to be installed below and extra to the depth required by the Plasticity
Index.

28
5.0 CARRIAGEWAY FOUNDATION
5.1 General

5.1.1 Refer to appendix A1 for design depths for construction. Sub-base material is to be spread
evenly on the formation in layers not exceeding 150mm thick. The material is to be
compacted in accordance with the requirements of Appendix C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5. The
moisture content of the material is to be within the range optimum –2% or +1% and must not
be segregated.

5.1.2 The full thickness of the sub-base should be continued to 500mm beyond the back of kerb.

5.2 Sub Formation & Capping

5.2.1 Capping layers shall be provided to the thickness shown within Appendix A1 unless
otherwise directed by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure. Where insitu tests show CBR
values less than those predicted at design stage either the whole area of capping shall be
increased in thickness or localised soft areas shall be excavated and replaced with a new layer of
capping material.

5.2.2 The sub formation shall have the same longitudinal gradient, cross fall and surface level
tolerance as the formation.

5.2.3 Any damage to sub formation or capping by the use of construction traffic, or otherwise
shall be made good to the satisfaction of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

5.3 Capping Material

5.3.1 Capping material shall comply with the requirements set out in DoT Specification for
Highway Works, Clause 613, Class 6F1 or 6F2. The minimum Ten Per Cent fines Value for 6F2
shall be 50kN. Class 6F5 material may be used in certain circumstances however the specific
permission of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure must be attained prior to construction.
A minimum CBR value of 15% shall be achieved. CBR value to be ascertained by Plate Bearing
Test in accordance with Clause 1.30

5.4 Sub-base Material

5.4.1 Type 1 sub-base conforming to SHW Clause 803 to be used. The material is to fully comply
with the requirement of SHW clause 803 granular material Type 1 sub-base. A minimum CBR
value of 30% shall be achieved. CBR value to be ascertained by Plate Bearing Test in accordance
with Clause 1.30.

Grading Envelope for Sub-Base Materials:

BS Sieve Size Range of Grading % by mass passing
63mm 100
31.5mm 74-100
16mm 44-80
8mm 30-65
4mm 18-42

29
 2mm 13-35
1mm 8-28
0.250mm 0-18
0.063mm 0-9

5.5 Capping & Sub-base Depths

5.5.1 Capping & Sub-base thicknesses should be based upon table below:

CBR Value (%) Sub-base thickness (mm) Capping thickness (mm)

5% and above 225mm 0mm
3 – 5% 150mm 350mm
1.5 - 3% 150mm 600mm
Less than 1.5% & soft spots Bespoke foundation design including geosynthetic in
accordance with IAN 73/06 & Clause 4.3.2 – 4.3.6

30
6.0 CONCRETE & GROUT
6.1 Concrete

6.1.1 Concrete shall be ready mixed concrete complying with Clause 4.5 BS 8500-1 2006 and BS
EN 206:2000.

6.1.2 The following table gives details of the Standard Concrete Mixes and their related
strengths.
Standardised Prescribed Strength Class that maybe Characteristic compressive
Concrete assumed for structural cube strength after 28 days
design that may be assumed for
structural design
ST1 C6/8 8
ST2 C8/10 10
ST3 C12/15 15
ST4 C16/20 20
ST5 C20/25 25

6.2 Concrete Aggregates

6.2.1 Aggregates shall comply with DoT SHW, Clause 1702. Maximum aggregate size should be
20mm.

6.3 Cold Weather working

6.3.1 No material below 3°C or material containing frost or ice shall be used, and mixing shall
not be carried out when the still air temperature in the shade is below 3°C

6.3.2 Concrete shall not be placed against any shutter, reinforcement, previously placed
concrete or foundation when it has a surface temperature of less than 3°C

6.3.4 Precautions must be put in place to ensure that the temperature of the concrete is
maintained above 4°C until it has cured.

6.4 Transport & Placing

6.4.1 Concrete shall be transported and placed so to ensure that segregation or loss of
constituent materials does not occur.

6.4.2 All concrete shall be compacted in its final position within 30 minutes of being discharged
from the mixer.

6.4.3 Spaces to be occupied by concrete shall be clean and free from standing water. Concrete
shall not be dropped from a height of greater than 2 metres.

6.4.4 Fresh concrete shall not be placed against concrete which has been in position for more
than 30 minutes without forming an approved construction joint.

31
6.4 Cement

6.4.1 Cement shall comply with BS EN 197 Portland cements or BS4027 Sulphate resisting
Portland cement. Ordinary Portland cement shall be used unless otherwise directed by the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

6.5 Rapid Hardening Cement

6.5.1 Approved rapid hardening cement may be used in lieu of Ordinary Portland cement only
with the prior approval of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure. All special conditions
stipulated by the manufacturer of the brand concerned as to its use shall be strictlyobserved.

6.6 Sand

6.6.1 Sand shall be clean washed, sharp, pit or river sand free from clay, organic matter etc and
comply with BS EN 12620.

6.7 Water

6.7.1 The Contractor shall be responsible for making his own arrangements with the Water
Company for obtaining mains water and he shall comply with all local conditions regarding its
use.

6.7.2 If water for the works is not available from a Public Utility Undertaking Supply, the
approval of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure shall be obtained regarding the source of
supply and manner of its use. If so required, the Contractor shall arrange for tests of the water
to be carried out in accordance with BS EN 1008 and it shall only be used if the test results are
satisfactory.

6.8 Grout

6.8.1 Cement grout for general use shall be used within one hour of mixing and shall consist of
Ordinary Portland or Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement and water mixed in the proportions
necessary to ensure that the mix has adequate workability and a suitable consistency for the
intended use. Unless as the result of grouting trials or where otherwise directed by the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure, the maximum water cement ratio for any grout for
general use shall be 0.5.

32
7.0 CARRIAGEWAY LAYERS
7.1 General

7.1.1 Refer to appendix A1 for general material Specification requirements and layer
thicknesses.

7.1.2 Bituminous materials shall be machine laid, with the exception of small areas, with prior
approval of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

7.1.3 Where damage occurs to the previously laid bituminous materials then the area shall be
rectified to the satisfaction of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure prior to being overlain.

7.1.4 Guidelines for delivery and rolling temperatures are given in Appendix D.

7.1.5 All vertical faces of ironwork within the wearing course depth are to be coated with a cold
applied HAPAS approved thixotropic bitumen emulsion or hot bitumen immediately prior to the
laying of the wearing course.

7.1.6 All vertical faces of macadam construction layers are to be coated with a cold applied
HAPAS approved thixotropic bitumen emulsion or hot bitumen immediately prior to the laying
of the specific bituminous construction layer.

7.1.7 Where carriageway rutting or reflective cracking is a particular issue, especially where
milling has taken place and re-surfacing is proposed, asphalt reinforcing with coated glass-fibre
geotextile should be considered. Where the need is highlighted design, product and
manufacturer details should be provided to Director of Economy & Infrastructure for prior
approval.

7.2 Bond Coat

7.2.1 A bitumen bond coat in accordance with BS EN 13808 Table 4 should be applied between
all bound layers. Prior to applying bond coat the surface must be free of any debris and standing
water. Bond coats shall have a suitable BBA/HAPAS certificate detailing the performance claims
made for them.

7.2.2 The bond coat should be applied to the surface at a rate of spread of:
• At least 0.35kg/m2 of residual binder for planned or milled surfaces
• At least 0.2Kg/m2 of residual binder to newly laid or overlaying asphalt surfaces

7.3 Basecourse layer

7.3.1 The material shall be AC32 Dense Base 100/150 to BS EN 13108-1. Coarse aggregate to be
crushed rock or slag. To accord with Specification of Highway Works Clause 929. The material
compaction must ensure that the mean of any 6 insitu air void tests provides a reading in
accordance with BS EN 12697-8. See table in Clause 7.6

33
7.4 Binder layer

7.4.1 The material shall be AC20 Dense Binder 100/150 to BS EN 13108-1. Coarse aggregate to
be crushed rock or slag. To accord with Specification of Highway Works Clause 929. The material
compaction must ensure that the mean of any 6 insitu air void tests provides a reading in
accordance with BS EN 12697-8. See table in Clause 7.6

7.5 Surface Course layer

7.5.1 For residential roads the material shall be HRA 55/14 C SURF 40/60 conforming to the
requirements of BS EN 13108-4. Where the laying conditions dictate a more flexible laying
material HRA 55/10 C SURF 40/60 conforming to the requirements of BS EN 13108-4 with the
approval of Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

7.5.2 For Industrial Access Roads and roads with a hierarchy at and above a Distributor Road
status the material shall be HRA 35/14 C SURF 40/60 conforming to the requirements of BS EN
13108-4 & 14/20 Pre-Coated Chippings.

7.5.3 14/20 Pre-Coated Chippings to PD 6618 C.8 to be laid with material specified in 7.5.2 and
should accord with the requirements of Clause 7.6. A 150mm Chip free channel to be provided
in all instances adjacent to the kerb.

7.5.3 In some circumstances Director of Economy & Infrastructure may request as an alternative
to material specified within 7.5.2. the following material Low Texture SMA 10mm (Ultiphalt HD
or similar approved).

7.6 Coated Chippings

7.6.1 14/20 Pre-Coated Chippings to PD 6618 C.8 to be laid with material specified in 7.5.2.

7.6.2 A minimum 60 PSV to be attained although Director of Economy & Infrastructure will
provide confirmation of the specific PSV to be attained dependent upon the situation.

7.6.3 The binder to coat the chippings shall be 40/60 Grade conforming to BS EN 12591. The
target binder content shall not be less than 1.5%.

7.6.4 Grading requirements for 14/20 Pre-Coated Chippings as shown in table below

Test Sieve Size (mm) Percentage by mass passing sieve test (%)
40 100
32 98-100
20 85-99
14 0-20
6 0-5
0.063 0-1

7.6.5 For chipped HRA roads the following initial texture depth must be met in accordance with
Specification for Highway Works Series 900 Table 9/3. The texture depth requirements below
must be attained during whole of maintenance period.

34
 Road Type Surfacing Average per Average for a set of
Type 1000m section 10 measurements
(mm) (mm)
High Speed Roads - Posted speed Chipped HRA 1.5 1.2
limit ≥50mph
Lower Speed Roads - Posted speed Chipped HRA 1.2 1.0
limit ≤40mph
Roundabouts on Higher Speed Roads Chipped HRA 1.2 1.0
- Posted speed limit ≥50mph
Roundabouts on Lower Speed Roads Chipped HRA 1.0 0.9
- Posted speed limit ≤40mph

7.7 Carriageway Air Void Ratio compaction

7.7.1 Air voids of compacted bituminous materials within the carriageway must comply with
table below:
Material Normal Range (%) a 1 in 10 max (%) b Absolute max (%) c
Dense Base 2-8 8 10
Dense Binder 2-8 8 10
HRA Surfacing 2-6 6 8
a – No result below 2 % will be permitted
b – No more than 1 in 10 results permitted above this value
c – No result above this value will be permitted

7.8 Geosynthetic Grid Reinforcement

7.8.1 Polymer coated glass fibre Geosynthetic grid reinforcement will be considered in
circumstances to provide surface durability. Its main use is in footway and carriageway re-
surfacing as it prevents reflective cracking. Prior to laying manufacturers & product details must
be provided and approved by Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

7.9 Concrete Block Paving

7.9.1 Carriageway Block paving in the form of precast concrete rectangular blocks of dimensions
200 x 100 x 80mm laid on a laying course in accordance with BS7533-3. Footway block paving
shall be 65mm depth.

7.9.2 Blocks shall be manufactured in accordance with BS 1338 and the permitted
colours are to be determined by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure however in majority
of cases Brindle will be required.

7.9.3 Blocks shall be laid in a herringbone pattern on a 30mm compacted thickness of category
11 laying course (sharp) sand in accordance with the requirements of BS 7533 Pt3, 1997. The
method detailed in 4.3.3.a, of that document shall be adopted for installing the layingcourse.

7.9.4 Fine silica jointing sand to the requirements of BS 7533 Pt3, 1997 to be swept into the
surface of block paving and repeated until such time that all joints are filled.

35
7.9.4 In certain circumstances (conservation areas for example) the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure may request tumbled block paving (tegula). In the majority of cases a Brindle
colour will be required although other alternatives will be considered. Blocks shall be
manufactured in accordance with BS 1338.

7.9.5 Base & Binder courses below block paving / laying course shall not be punctured.

7.9.6 All ironwork (manhole & gully cover & frames) shall be 150mm depth when located within
areas of carriageway block paving.

7.9.7 Block cutting to be undertaken by means of approved guillotine and to no less than ¼ of
original block plan size.

7.9.8 Surface regularity to be in accordance with clause 1:29

7.9.9 Permeable block paving construction is not accepted as part of the public highway.

7.10 Joints in Bituminous layers

7.10.1 All joints shall be created with a minimum 300mm offset distance from the layer
beneath.

7.10.2 Vertical joints must be saw-cut to the full depth of the individual bituminous layer and be
stable.

7.10.3 All vertical edge joints shall be painted with cold applied HAPAS approved thixotropic
bitumen emulsion or hot applied bitumen immediately prior to the laying of any bituminous layer in
accordance with BS 594987:2015.

7.10.4 Care must be taken to ensure that any longitudinal joint is not created within a known
wheel tracking path.

7.11 Road Markings & Road Studs

7.11.1 Permanent road markings shall be one of the following materials:

(i) thermoplastic road marking material or paint in accordance with BS EN 1871;
(ii) permanent preformed road markings in accordance with BS EN 1871.

7.11.2 Prefabricated temporary road markings shall only be allowed for use with temporary traffic
management after approval from the Engineer.

7.11.3 The line marking shall be firmly adhered to the underlying surface. The minimum thickness of
a new marking shall be 3mm.

7.11.4 The Wear Index at any position in the works shall not exceed 1.6 when assessed in
accordance with Annex G of BS EN 1824.

7.11.5 Road marking shall have the following minimum standard of performance as defined in BS EN
1436 for a period of 1 year from the date of application.

36
 Property BSEN 1436 Reference Requirement Value
Colour Table 6 White x,y co-ordinates given
Luminance Table 5 Class B3 0.40
Skid Resistance Table 7 Class S2 45
Retro-reflectivity Table 2 Classes of RL Class R4 200
for dry markings
Retro-reflectivity Table 3 Classes of RL Class RW1 25
for wet markings

7.11.6 The width tolerances and thickness for screed, spray, pre-formed and extrusion white or
yellow lines shall be in accordance with the current Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions.
With the exception of Raised Rib edge-line markings, in no case shall any materials be laid more than
6mm thick.

7.11.7 Unless specified all white markings shall be reflectorized with solid glass beads in accordance
with BS 6088 by incorporation (except for pre-formed markings) into the road marking mixture and
to the wet surface of the marking

7.11.8 Retro-reflectivity shall be measured by means of an approved retrometer.

7.11.9 Yellow material shall comply with Table 5 and Table 6 of BSEN 1436.

7.11.10 The Contractor shall operate a Quality System complying with Scheme No. 7 of the Sector
Schemes for Quality Management in Highway Construction – "Application of Road Marking
Materials".

7.11.11 Where existing road markings are to be permanently removed from bituminous running
surfaces this shall be by mechanical means or forced air abrasive (shot blasting). Hot compressed air
(HCA) lance shall not be used on concrete pavements and not on other surfaces without the consent
of the Engineer. Obliteration of road markings using bituminous, resinous paint or prefabricated
materials will not be permitted.

7.11.12 Where existing road markings on bituminous pavements are to be temporarily obliterated
for traffic management or any other purpose the markings shall be completely covered by black tape
or covering which shall be able to withstand the traffic load upon it for the required period. Upon
removal of the black tape or covering the original markings are to be upgraded to the standard
apparent before the temporary obliteration. Temporary covering of road markings on concrete
pavements shall not be permitted.

7.11.13 Following the completion of the maintenance period and prior to adoption all road markings
must be refreshed.

7.11.14 The cutting of the wearing course for installation of reflecting road studs shall be by milling
or diamond cutting methods only.

7.11.15 Road studs shall be depressible rubber inserts let into a cast iron base with reflex lenses
which are cleansed by the passage of a vehicle wheel Version 17.09.12 MR/MH 76 under the
squeegee action of the depressible rubber. The cast iron base shall be capable of securing a traffic
cylinder to BS 873.

37
7.11.16 Where existing road studs are to be re-used the Contractor shall provide new reflecting
inserts.

7.11.17 Non-reflecting road studs shall comply with BS 8442:2015. The studs shall be made from
stainless steel or aluminium alloy, not to be ‘stick-on’ type. Each stud shall be 100 x 100mm. Fixing
shall be drilled with Polymer Modified Adhesive.

38
8.0 KERBS & CHANNELS
8.1 Kerb race & backing

8.1.1 All kerb and channel Races are to be installed prior to the laying of the base course
material.

8.1.2 Kerb Races shall be constructed using ST4 concrete (minimum 50mm slump) to SHW
Clause 2602 not less than 150mm thick and 375mm wide at the profile shown in Appendix E.
The kerbs shall be backed with ST4 concrete. Width of kerb foundation to be increased by
150mm on kerb radii of 50 metres or less.

8.1.3 All kerb races and backing to be shuttered and poker vibrated.

8.1.4 The installation of expansion joints within the kerb race may be requested in certain
circumstances. The expansion joint will consist of an 18mm thick compressible bitumen
impregnated fibreboard at distances to be specified by Director of Economy &Infrastructure.

8.1.5 Where a vehicle crossing is provided a step in the kerb race is necessary to accommodate
the 255mm depth BN kerb. If the construction is implemented as separate processes, then
16mm dowel bars must be introduced from the lower foundation into the upper foundation.

8.2 Kerbs – General Requirements

8.2.1 Kerbs shall be laid to general regularity and with upstands indicated on the drawings
contained within the Appendix drawings and in the requirements of BS7533. Current concerns
regarding manual handling of precast concrete units shall be taken into account during the
design and construction phases of the Development.

8.2.2 Where an asphalt surface course is employed, precast concrete kerbs shall be used. Such
kerbs shall be 125mm x 255mm hydraulically pressed, Type HB2, half batter to BS 7263-3 and
laid upright. Kerbs are to be bedded in mortar within 25mm of the face of the concrete
beam, laid with dry joints and backed with ST4 concrete extending over full width of kerb
foundation, to within 50mm of the top of the kerb.

8.2.3 No cut kerb shall be less than 500mm in length.

8.2.4 Joints between kerbs must be between 2-4mm.

8.2.5 Due to laying weather conditions in certain circumstances (see Clause 6.3) it will be
necessary to provide suitable protection to laid lengths of kerbing.

8.2.6 Prior to the laying of carriageway and footway asphalt layers adjacent to the kerb, kerb
foundation and backing all contactable vertical & horizontal faces must be treated with K170
HAPAS approved bonding coat.

39
8.3 Radius Kerb lines

8.3.1 For curves of radius 12m or tighter, the appropriate manufactured radius kerb shall be
used. For radii above 12m the Director of Economy & Infrastructure reserves the right to
request the installation of 0.600m length kerb rather than standard 0.914m length.

8.3.2 For curves of radius 50m or less, width of kerb foundation to be increased by 150mm.

8.4 Kerb damage & replacement

8.4.1 Where it is considered that there is potential for future damage during the overall
construction process it is recommended that kerbs are laid sacrificially and then replaced prior
to the completion of the full carriageway and footway construction. Prior to undertaking this the
developer must confirm this course of action to the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.
Sacrificial construction could consist of a block rather than a full PCC kerb and backing could be
Grade ST1 (Lean mix) so that its removal is significantly easier than ST4.

8.4.2 All damaged kerbs, edgings and channels shall be replaced prior to laying of final
carriageway or footway wearing course. Where more than 4no kerbs, channels or edgings are
damaged in a 10m length the entire 10m length must be replaced. The kerb replacement
requirements must include the backing concrete.

8.4.3 Where kerb or edging replacement is deemed necessary following the application of the
footway surface course, then the whole of the footway wearing course must be replaced over
the entire length of the replacement.

8.4.4 Minor kerb and edging damage, following the installation of carriageway and footway
wearing course, may be treated at the discretion of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure
with a HAPAS approved epoxy resin repair product rather than replacement.

40
9.0 GULLY GRATES & FRAMES
9.1 General Requirements

9.1.1 Gullies located within carriageways (or where vehicles will be present) D400 Type 4 Ductile
Iron Captive Hinged Gully gratings and frames shall be kite marked to BS EN 124:1994. It shall
have a minimum nominal clear opening width of 0.425m and a minimum waterway area of
1000cm2. Hinge to be located on side towards on-coming traffic.

9.1.2 The frames shall be bedded on an epoxy resin based mortar and have at least 2 courses
(max 3 course) of Engineering Brickwork Class ‘B’ to BS3921: 1985. (Refer to standard detail in
Appendix E).

9.1.3 An accepted alternative to Engineering Brickwork (as per clause 9.1.2) are Standard or
Horseshoe Pre-cast concrete Gully Cover Slab to BS 5911-6.

9.1.4 Gully Frames to be 150mm depth on 'A' and 'B' class roads and Industrial estate roads. All
other roads to have 100mm depth frames unless otherwise directed by the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure.

9.1.5 All gully frames shall be 150mm depth when located within areas of carriageway block
paving.

9.1.6 On carriageway gradients steeper than 1:20 the Director of Economy & Infrastructure
reserves the right to request storm pattern gullies.

9.1.7 Linear & Kerb Drainage systems are permitted in certain circumstances with the approval
of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

9.2 Spacing of Gullies

9.2.1 For all high category roads such as distributor road status and above, Gully spacing is to be
determined from the requirements of CD 526 (formerly HA 102/00), Design Manual for Roads
and Bridges.

9.2.2 For standard residential roads, maximum gully catchments should be based on table
below:

Longitudinal 1:125 1:100 1:80 1:60 1:40 and

Gradient of below
Carriageway
Maximum area 120m2 140m2 160m2 140m2 120m2
of carriageway (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)
drained to a
single gully

(a) Maximum distance between any gully is 35m

(b) Catchment area to include footways

41
9.24 Gully positions should be designed so that they are not located over any vehicular access
and or within a pedestrian desire line. Gully positions should be designed so that they are
located upstream of junctions and pedestrian crossings so that surface water does not cross
such areas.

9.2.3 Where carriageway sag vertical curves are designed within the carriageway, dual gullies
must be provided although the design catchment must not exceed that of a single gully
requirement.

9.3 Ironworks within cycleways / footways

9.3.1 All road gully gratings situated within cycleways, footways, or other areas where vehicles
will not be present, should be D250 Type 3 Ductile Iron Gully gratings and frames shall be kite
marked to BS EN 124:1994. It shall have a minimum nominal clear opening width of 0.300m and
a minimum waterway area of 750cm2.

42
10.0 GULLY POTS
10.1 General Requirements – Type & size

10.1.1 Gully pots used for carriageway gullies shall be of precast concrete using Sulphate
Resisting Cement (SRC) in accordance with BS 5911-6. PVCu Plastic Gully pots (BBA Approved)
can be used with the consent of Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

10.1.2 Gully pots shall have internal dimensions 450mm diameter by 900mm deep and shall be
of the trapped type unless otherwise directed by the Director of Economy &Infrastructure.

10.1.3 PVCu plastic gully pots (BBA Approved) of the above dimensions may be used at the
discretion of the Director of Environmental Services. The typical detail of this type of gully
installation shall incorporate suitable provisions to prevent the pots floating and distorting
when the concrete surround is placed and compacted. The installation shall be entirely in
accordance with the BBA approval certificate requirements. The Director of Economy &
Infrastructure would expect the BBA requirement to at least be equivalent to a concrete base
slab provided below the pot bed and surround and which may take the form of a paving slab set
on 150mm of ST4 concrete to SHW Clause 2602.

10.2 Bedding & Surround

10.2.1 Concrete gully pots shall be installed in accordance with BBA approval requirements. The
pots are to be set on and surrounded by 150mm of ST4 concrete sulphate resistant cement to
SHW clause 2602.

10.2.2 PVCu plastic pots shall be set on and surrounded by ST4 concrete. The surround shall be
150mm thick with a 150mm bed above the base slab.

10.3 Gully Connections

10.3.1 Gully connections lateral to be 150mm diameter in all instances. Lateral connections to be
vitrified clayware pipes to BS EN 295-1 2013 or PVC-u twin walled with a smooth internal and
ribbed external surface walls with current BBA certification.
10.3.2 Each gully requires an individual lateral connection to the surface water drain. In no
circumstances can more than one gully be connected to a lateral.
10.3.3 The maximum length of a lateral connection is 12m.
10.3.4 The whole of the gully lateral connection requires a 150mm ST4 concrete surround when
located within a carriageway or an area where trafficked. Concrete setting blocks must be used
to provide space below the pipe for the concrete surround.
10.3.5 Concrete protection shall be placed for the whole of the lateral length in one operation
and at each joint an 18mm thick bitumen based compressible filler board to BS EN 120 should be
placed around the whole of the pipe.
10.3.6 Any disused gully connections must be permanently capped off / grouted. Prior to
undertaking these works a CCTV survey is necessary to confirm whether there are any
downstream connections which need to be taken into consideration prior to abandonment.

43
11.0 HIGHWAY DRAINAGE
11.1 General Requirements

11.1.1 It is usual that the Local Water Company, under a Section 104 Agreement, will adopt new
drainage systems. Worcestershire Council will adopt the gullies and connections only in these
circumstances subject to satisfactory installation and issue of the Section 104 Vesting
Certificate.

11.1.2 Where no public stormwater sewer is proposed, an adequate piped highway surface
water drainage system of approved pipe sizes; gradients and materials shall be provided to an
approved outfall.

11.1.3 Before entering or breaking into an existing sewer or drain, the Developer must obtain
the permission of the responsible Authority to which the connection is made.

11.1.4 Highway surface water drains shall be laid in straight lines at uniform gradients between
manholes. Manhole locations must be designed to take into account existing and proposed
public utilities. Manholes should be located at any change of vertical gradient or horizontal
position; head of all pipe runs; every junction of two or more pipes (other than gully
connections) or wherever there is a change of pipe size. Manholes must be located no more
than 90m apart.

11.1.5 Surface water drainage should be designed so that any pipe is located a minimum 1.0m
distance from any kerb face when located within a carriageway. The outside of any manhole
must be located a minimum 0.5m distance from any kerb face when located within any
carriageway. Road design (specifically widths) must take these requirements into account at
initial design especially where oversize attenuation pipes are required.

11.1.6 Where an outfall drain or pipe unavoidably passes under land which will ultimately be
conveyed to a dwelling, or which will ultimately remain undedicated as Highway, an Easement
will be required giving the Highway Authority right of access at all times for the purpose of
maintenance or repair. Acknowledgement of the presence of such a drain under each
affected property must be safeguarded by the incorporation of a suitable Easementwithin
the conveyance of that property by the Developer. The easement must be shown on the Section
38 Agreement coloured layout and subsequently included within the Agreement.

11.1.7 Where an outfall, drain ditch or pipe will discharge into an existing drain or pipe or
watercourse not maintainable by the Local highway Authority, written evidence of the
consent of the authority or owner responsible for the existing drain etc to such discharge
shall be provided to the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

11.1.8 No highway surface water outfall drain shall pass below any building.

11.1.9 Highway drains laid within the carriageway must have a cover from finished road level to
the top of the pipe barrel (including collar) of 1.2m. Where this is not possible please refer to
clause 11.3.

44
11.1.10 The minimum internal diameter highway drain is 225mm (apart from Gully lateral
connections which is 150mm)

11.1.11 Pipes above 900mm nominal internal diameter are considered to be highway structures
and require review as per Clause 3.8 WCC Streetscape Design Guide.

11.1.12 Highway Drainage Hydraulic Design must comply with Clause 3.7 WCC Streetscape
Design Guide.

11.1.12 Geo-cellular Crates are not permitted within an existing or proposed adoptable
highway.

11.1.13 All highway drainage should be located within land which is to be adopted by the
Highway Authority with the only exception being where the approved outfall is outside of these
limits. In this instance, where the highway outfall pipe leaves the adoptable limits it may, by
agreement cross third party land and will be subject to required easements / wayleaves and
consents which will need to be provided to the Director of Economy & Infrastructure in the form
of a Deed of Easement.

11.1.14 Should the circumstances of the easements / wayleaves and consents change following
signing of the Deed of Easement then the Director of Economy & Infrastructure must be notified
immediately. In these circumstances the Director of Economy & Infrastructure reserves the
rights to rescind scheme approval and invalidate the Section 38 or 278 Agreement.

11.1.15 There shall be no physical obstructions or structures located on or above the easement
route. Details of any proposed landscaping affecting the easement route must be provided and
approved by Director of Economy & Infrastructure prior to implementation of any works.

11.1.16 Private car parking, both individual and shared, should be designed to fall away from the
highway to prevent surface water entering the public highway. Where this is not possible
private cut off drainage should be introduced to prevent run-off and redirect into a private
surface water drainage system.

11.2 Surface Water Highway Drains

11.2.1 The following types of pipe may be used for surface highway drains:
• Concrete pipes made to BS EN 1916:2002 & BS5911-5:2004
• Structured PVCu twin walled with a smooth internal and ribbed external surface walls
with current BBA certification. Thermoplastics structured wall sewer pipe shall comply
with the relevant provisions of BS EN 13476-1 and WIS 4-35-01 and BS EN 13476-2 or BS
EN 13476-3. Pipes shall be BSi Kitemarked or have equivalent third party certification.
• Vitrified Clayware pipes to BS EN 295-1:1991 & BS65
• Ductile Iron pipes to BS EN 598 (only with prior consent of Director of Economy &
Infrastructure)

11.2.1 Jointing and installation shall be undertaken to Manufacturers Specification. All pipes and
fittings shall have gasket-type joints of spigot and socket or rebated form.

45
11.2.2 In certain circumstances, where cover and/or pipe strength issues are perceived, the use
of Ductile Iron Pipes can be considered. The inside of the pipe must have properties which resist
contaminant attack. Details of pipe external anti-corrosion lining to be confirmed prior to any
approval.

11.2.3 Processed granular bedding, sidefill and surround materials for buried pipelines shall comply
with WIS 4-08-02. Recycled materials shall comply with BS 8500-2.

11.3 Concrete surround to pipes

11.3.1 All drainage runs irrespective of depth shall have a bed and surround of 150mm of
concrete grade ST4 with sulphate Resistant Cement to SHW clause 2602. At each joint bitumen a
bitumen-impregnated insulating board to BS EN 622-1 and BS EN 622-4 should be placed around
the whole of the pipe for the full width of the concrete surround. The thickness of compressible
filler shall be as per table below

Nominal Diameter of Pipe (mm) Thickness of Compressible Filler (mm)

Less than 450 18
450 – 1200 36
Exceeding 1200 54

11.3.2 Compressible packing for use between pipes and precast concrete setting blocks shall consist
of bitumen damp proof sheeting complying with BS EN 14967.

11.3.3 Bituminous materials shall not be put into contact with plastics pipes.

11.3.4 In the case of PVCu pipes, care should be taken to ensure that the pipes do not float
when the concrete is placed.

11.4 Backfilling

11.4.1 Backfilling shall, wherever practicable, be undertaken immediately when the specified
operations preceding it have been completed. Backfilling shall not, however, be commenced until the
works to be covered have achieved a strength sufficient to withstand all loading imposed thereon.

11.4.2 Backfilling shall be undertaken in such a manner as to avoid uneven loading or damage.

11.4.3 Filling material shall be deposited in layers not exceeding 225 mm unconsolidated thickness,
and then fully compacted to form a stable backfill. It maybe possible to exceed the layer depth
specified dependent upon the chosen compaction plant and backfill material however this will purely
be at the discretion of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

11.4.4 Testing of consolidated trench backfill material must be undertaken at layer depths not
exceeding 500mm. Results must be provided to Director of Economy & Infrastructure confirming that
a backfill compaction equivalent CBR value of 15% shall be achieved.

46
11.4.5 Appendix C5 provides a fully comprehensive table of trench reinstatement compaction
requirements however listed below are the main utilised compaction plant and passes based upon a
225mm layer of Granular material backfill.

Plant No of passes
VIBROTAMPER Mass - 50 kg Unsuitable
VIBROTAMPER Mass - 50 kg to 75 kg 10
VIBROTAMPER Mass - over 75 kg 8
VIBRATORY ROLLER Below 2000 kg Unsuitable
VIBRATORY ROLLER 2000 kg – 3500 kg single drum 7
VIBRATORY ROLLER over 2000 kg twin drum 4
VIBRATORY ROLLER Over 3500 kg single drum 6

11.4.5 Backfilling and reinstatement in roads and streets shall be above the level of any pipe surround
required, in accordance with the relevant highway reinstatement specification.

11.4.6 Filling material to excavations not situated in highways or prospective highways shall be placed
and compacted to form a stable backfill.

11.4.7 Where located within an existing or proposed carriageway, filling material shall comply with the
requirements set out in DoT Specification for Highway Works, Clause 613, Class 6F1, 6F2 or 6F5.

11.4.8 Where deep drainage trenches are located within carriageways or where high ground water
table issues arise the Director of Economy & Infrastructure can specifically request the use of W75
lower sub-base material for trench backfill. The material has the benefit of having greater self-
compaction properties than 6F1, 6F2 & 6F5 material and therefore can be utilised in situations where
accessibility issues as detailed above exist.

Grading Envelope for W75 Materials:

BS Sieve Size (mm) Range of Grading %
by mass passing
125 100
75 0-100
37.5 0-50
10 0-20
0.6 0-5
0.063 0-2

11.4.9 Director of Economy & Infrastructure initial stance, in all circumstances, is that the use of as
dug backfill within trenches located below the public highway will not be accepted. Any exception to
this will be dependent upon clarification of quality of the excavated material by means of testing and
the prevailing weather conditions. This exception can only be undertaken with the specific permission
of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure. The use of as dug material backfill will not be considered
during October – April in any circumstance.

47
11.4.10 At the carriageway formation level of the trench, a minimum equivalent CBR value of 15%
shall be achieved. CBR value to be ascertained by Plate Bearing Test in accordance with Clause 1.30

11.5 Connection to Existing Highway Drainage Systems

11.5.1 If it is proposed to connect a new highway drainage system to the existing highway
drainage network, the developer is required to provide a full CCTV survey of the existing system
in conjunction with calculations showing that the additional flows can be accommodated. Any
works needed to upgrade the existing system will be the responsibility of the developer.

11.5.2 Any proposed discharge to the existing highway drainage network will be restricted to
green field run-off rate of the highway area to be drained.

11.5.3 In all occasions the connection of the new highway drain into the existing highway
drainage system will be via an adequately sized manhole.

11.6 Soakaways

11.6.1 Soakaways as a means of highway drainage discharge can only be utilised with the
permission of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure. Principle acceptance for the use of
soakaways will only be granted if alternative outfalls such as Water Authority SW sewers,
highway drains, watercourses are not available. (Refer to Standard Detail in Appendix E).

11.6.2 Soakaways will only be permitted where suitable ground conditions are available.

11.6.3 The developer must provide a suitable ground investigation report detailing infiltration
rates at the specific position of the proposed soakaway. Prior to installing the soakaway, a
further test must be undertaken at the time of construction to validate the design infiltration
rate. If the infiltration rate at construction is deemed to be less than that used at design then
the design storage must be revised accordingly.

11.6.4 Design of the soakaway should accord with BRE 365 Soakaway Design.

11.6.5 The soakaway cannot be located beneath the highway and should be not less than 5m
from any building, wall or structure. A 3m easement to any carriageway should also be
provided. No permanent structures, play equipment, steps or significant landscaping should be
placed on or adjacent to the soakaway or within the easements.

11.6.6 Design must allow for vehicular access to the soakaway for future maintenance.

11.6.6 Easements easement of 3.0m must be provided around the extremity of the soakaway or
the overall depth whatever is the greater.

11.7 Testing & Cleansing

11.67.1 The developer should arrange for all pipelines to be tested prior to and following
concreting / backfilling.

48
11.7.2 Prior to the laying of the carriageway surface course a CCTV survey of all highway and
Water Authority drainage should be undertaken. A copy of the CCTV survey, report and location
plan should be supplied to Director of Economy & Infrastructure for review. Any highlighted
faults must be corrected prior to the laying of the carriageway surface course.
11.7.3 On the completion of the works, and also prior to adoption, all drains, manholes, gullies
etc., shall be cleaned out, flushed, and left free from all obstructions to the satisfaction of the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

49
12.0 MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION
12.1 Pre-Cast Concrete Manholes

12.1.1 Circular Pre-cast Concrete Manholes sections shall comply with the requirements of
BS1917:2002 and BS5913:3 2010.

12.1.2 Circular layout manholes diameters should accord with table below

Nominal Internal Diameter of Largest Pipe in Minimum Nominal Internal Diameter of

Manhole (mm) Manhole (mm)
Less than 375 1200
375 - 675 1500
675- 900 1800
Greater than 900 WCC Engineer to advise

12.1.3 Where manhole is designed with as a Control Manhole with discharge restriction device
then minimum internal diameter should be 2700mm however specific scheme layouts can
dictate an increase in diameter as agreed with Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

12.2 Step Rungs & Ladders

12.2.1 Step rungs should be located so that cover slab access and rungs are aligned.

12.2.2. Step rungs shall be in accordance BS 13101:2002. They shall be 300mm wide at 250mm
centres.

12.2.3 Step Rungs shall be plastic encapsulated.

12.2.4 Mild Steel Ladders for vertical fixing shall comply with BS4211 Class A & PD 970. After
fabrication the ladder should be hot dipped galvanised in accordance with BS EN ISO1460.

12.2.5 Stainless Steel Ladders for vertical fixing shall be fabricated to BS 316S31 steel complying
with BS 970 Part1.

12.2.6 The first rung of the ladder or first step rung shall be located no greater than 675mm
from the top of the manhole cover and frame.

12.3 Safety Chains

12.3.1 Safety chains must be provided in all manholes where the outgoing diameter is 600mm
or greater.

12.3.2 Safety chains shall be mild steel or stainless steel.

12.3.3 Mild steel safety chain shall be 8mm NS Grade M(4) non calibrated chain in accordance
with BS 818-1.

50
12.3.4 Stainless Steel Safety Chains shall be fabricated to BS 316S31 steel complying with BS 970 Part1. Chain
lengths shall be welded and have an internal length not exceeding 45mm and an internal width of 12mm &
18mm.

12.4 Warning Signs

12.4.1 Warning signs must be located in the upstream, downstream and actual manhole
containing devices or structures such as tanks, flow restriction devices etc.

12.4.2 Warning Signs shall be designed in accordance with BS 5499:1:2002. utilising sign
reference BS EN ISO 710:2012 + A5:2015 with supplementary text specific to hazard as
agreed with Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

12.4.3 Sign must be fixed where it can be read without needing to enter manhole and not
hinder access.

12.5 Rocker Pipes

12.5.1 a flexible joint should be provided as close as possible to the outside face of the manhole
into which a pipe is built. The design must take into account any future movement.

12.5.2 thereafter the recommended length of the next pipe (rocker pipe) should accord with the
following table.

Nominal Diameter of Pipe (mm) Effective length of pipe (m)

150 - 600 0.6
675 - 750 1.0
Exceeding 750 1.25

12.6 Manhole Benching

12.6. 1 Inverts & benching in manholes shall have a screeded finish with a smooth high strength
concrete topping applied to a ridged screed finish. This should have a dense & smooth finish.
High strength topping (granolithic) shall be produced, laid and finished in accordance with BS
8204:2.

12.7 Manhole covers & frames

12.7.1 All manhole covers and frames intended to be used within the Highway shall be kite
marked products to BS EN 124, 1994 and be ductile iron or cast iron. They shall be badged
S.W. (Surface Water) and F.W. (Foul Water)

12.7.2 Manhole cover & frames shall be of a non-rocking type. They shall be double triangular
with connecting bolts.

12.7.3 Manhole cover & frame minimum cover depth to be 150mm.

12.7.3 The following additional requirements are to be met:

51
 • In carriageways and trafficked footways/Cycleways/ Verges / Footways - Heavy Duty:
BS EN 124 reference D400 with a clear opening of 675mm and minimum frame and
cover depth of 150mm. Where WCC Standard Detail Manhole Type C is used a cover &
frame with a clear opening of 1220 x 675mm should be used.
• In areas where vehicle access is not possible – Medium Duty: BS EN 124 reference
C250.

12.8 Bedding

12.8.1 The frames shall be bedded on a HAPAS approved & BBA compliant Epoxy Resin Mortar
bedding system above two to three courses of Engineering Brickwork Class B to BS3921: 1985
or Pre-cast concrete seating rings.

12.8.2 Alternative bedding materials may be permitted but will require the approval of the
Director of Economy & Infrastructure prior to commencement.

12.9 Skid Resistance of Inspection Chamber Covers

12.9.1 Inspection chamber covers in the road can be potentially hazardous to motorcyclists and
pedal cyclists, as the skid resistance of the cast iron cover can be less than the surrounding
road surface. This can be particularly hazardous on bends and at junctions in wet conditions.
Covers also become polished over time and this reduces the grip further.

12.9.2 During the design process for Section 278 and 38 schemes the Designer should consider
the potential risk for cyclists and motorcyclists at locations such as roundabouts, traffic signal
junctions, pedestrian crossings, bends, gradients, and all areas of high friction surfacing within
the existing highway and new roads. When the provision of chambers cannot be avoided at
such locations the use of anti-slip chamber covers with a minimum PSRV (polished skid
resistance value) of 65 should be considered in critical braking areas and where vehicles
change direction, i.e. junctions and bends. The use of anti-slip chamber covers should be
agreed at specific locations with the Councils Engineer during the scheme design process.

12.9.3 In addition to the anti-slip requirements chamber covers should comply fully with the
standards specified in BS EN124 as detailed above.

12.9.4 Worcestershire County Council is only responsible for the maintenance of surface water
manhole covers forming part of highway drainage systems. All other inspection chamber
covers located within the highway are the responsibility of private utility companies such as
electricity, telecom and water suppliers. The Developer must seek the approval of the
relevant Statutory Undertaker to use anti-slip chamber covers at specific locations and
provide evidence of approvals obtained to the Councils Engineer.

12.10 Flow Control Devices and Manholes

12.10.1 The use of a flow control device is subject to the approval of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure. The flow control device must be self-cleansing and require no power input. The
device must be constructed in high grade stainless steel.

52
12.10.2 The developer must provide a site-specific design and specification for the flow control
device from the manufacturer.

12.10.3 The use of Orifice plates is subject to the approval of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure. Orifice plates must be made of high-grade stainless steel.

12.10.4 The use of throttle pipes as a flow control is not permitted.

12.10.5 A bypass door / penstock must be fitted within the control manhole which can be
operated at surface level. A sump must be provided to act as a catchpit. A weir wall is
required within the control manhole with access to the upstream and downstream sections to
allow for maintenance.

12.10.6 The position of the flow control device must be in line with the incoming flow.

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13.0 HEADWALLS
13.1 General Requirements

13.1.1 All pipe inlets or outlets to or from open watercourses must be provided with a headwall
incorporating any necessary apron, scour baffle, handrails or other works. Suitable designs
must be submitted to the Director of Economy & Infrastructure for approval. This may also
require structural technical review in accordance with Section 17.

13.1.2 In certain locations, and with the approval of the Environment Agency or Land Drainage
Authority, flap valves may be required. Flap valves should be made of heavy-duty plastic (low
maintenance type) or other approved by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

13.1.3 The invert level of the outlet pipe through the headwall shall be subject to scrutiny and
approval by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure to ensure satisfactory flow through the
drainage system.

13.1.4 The headwall outlet apron must be set at least 150mm above the natural level of the
connecting ditch or watercourse.

13.1.5 The outlet pipe must be directed so as to discharge at an angle of 45° to the direction of
flow in the ditch or watercourse.

13.1.6 Where headwalls are located within 6m of the footway, cycleway or carriageway they
shall be provided with pedestrian safety railings to the requirements of the Director of
Economy & Infrastructure.

54
14.0 FOOTWAYS & CYCLEWAYS
14.1 Preparation

14.1.1 The formation of the footway/footpath/Cycleway shall be levelled and compacted with a
vibrating roller or other approved suitable item of plant to a properly shaped, even and
uniform surface. Reference should be made to Appendix C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5, Compaction
plant.

14.1.2 The formation shall be treated with an approved weed killer before construction
commences. Only trained and certificated operatives will be permitted to use weed killers.

14.1.3 Bituminous materials shall be machine laid; where the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure has given his approval, small areas may be permitted to be hand laid.

14.2 Footway / Footpath / Cycleway - Sub-base

14.2.1 The material used shall be granular sub-base material Type 1 SHW clause 803. The
thickness shall be 150mm. Where footway crossings are located the thickness should be
increased to 200mm.

14.3 Footway / Footpath / Cycleway – Base course

14.3.1 The Footway binder course shall be 100mm compacted thickness AC32 Dense Base
100/150 to BS 13108-1. For Footpaths there is no Base however no vehicular use should be
confirmed.

14.3.2 Prior to the laying of all footway asphalt layers adjacent to the kerb, kerb foundation and
backing all contactable vertical & horizontal faces must be treated with K170 HAPAS approved
bonding coat.

14.4 Footway / Footpath / Cycleway – Binder course

14.4.1 The Footway binder course shall be 60mm compacted thickness AC20 Dense Bin 100/150
to BS 13108-1. For Footpaths the binder should be increased to 75mm of compacted thickness
AC20 Dense Bin 100/150 to BS 13108-1 (there is no Base) however no vehicular use should be
confirmed.

14.4.2 Prior to the laying of all footway asphalt layers adjacent to the kerb, kerb foundation and
backing all contactable vertical & horizontal faces must be treated with K170 HAPAS approved
bonding coat.

14.5 Footway / Footpath / Cycleway – Surface course

14.5.1 The Footway/footpath surface course shall be 25mm compacted thickness AC6 Dense
Surf 100/150 to BS 13108-1.

55
14.5.2 Prior to the laying of all footway asphalt layers adjacent to the kerb, kerb foundation and
backing all contactable vertical & horizontal faces must be treated with K170 HAPAS approved
bonding coat.

14.5.2 An examination of the surface course will be undertaken prior to adoption to ascertain
prevalent defects. Any defects are to be rectified at the Developers expense.

14.5.3 Guidelines for delivery and rolling temperatures are given within Appendix D.

14.6 Bond Coat

14.6.1 A bitumen bond coat in accordance with BS EN 13808 Table 4 should be applied between
all bound layers. Prior to applying bond coat the surface must be free of any debris and standing
water. Bond coats shall have a suitable BBA/HAPAS certificate detailing the performance claims
made for them.

14.6.2 The bond coat should be applied to the surface at a rate of spread of:
• At least 0.35kg/m2 of residual binder for planned or milled surfaces
• At least 0.2Kg/m2 of residual binder to newly laid or overlaying asphalt surfaces

14.7 Crossfalls

14.6.1 The final footway surface shall have a Crossfall of 1:40 towards the carriageway or 1:12 if
a vehicular crossing is provided. Vehicular crossings of 1:40 can be provided where the risk of
grounding due to the gradient of connecting parking / access or where significant lengths of
adjacent parking bays are present however this is only with the approval of Director of Economy
& Infrastructure.

14.8 Edge Support

14.8.1 The rear of the footway should be demarked by a 150 x 50 hydraulically

pressed, precast, bull nosed concrete edging to BS EN 1340:2003 Type EBN with 20mm kerb
face.

14.8.2 Where a vehicular crossing is located the rear of the footway a 200 x 50 hydraulically
pressed, precast, flat concrete edging to BS EN 1340:2003 Type EF should be provided.

14.8.3 The precast edging must be securely bedded on a foundation of ST4 concrete SHW Clause
2602 - a minimum of 200mm deep and 200mm wide. It shall be backed with ST4 concrete
from the back of the bedding to within 50mm (minimum 40mm) from the top of the edging. The
foundation should be located on 85mm of granular sub-base material Type 1 SHW clause 803.

14.8.4 Director of Economy & Infrastructure reserves the right to request that the ST4 concrete
foundation and backing be shuttered.

14.9 Block paved footways and footpaths

14.9.1 In certain circumstances block paved footways and footpaths can be accepted however
this is at the discretion of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

56
14.9.2 Where provided the construction should consist of:
• Brindle Block paving in the form of precast concrete rectangular blocks of dimensions
200 x 100 x 65mm laid on a laying course in accordance with BS7533-3. Other colours
can be used at the discretion of Director of Economy & Infrastructure.
• Blocks shall be laid in a herringbone pattern on a 30mm compacted thickness of
category 11 laying course (sharp) sand in accordance with the requirements of BS 7533
Pt3, 1997. The method detailed in 4.3.3.a, of that document shall be adopted for
installing the laying course.
• Binder course shall be 100mm compacted thickness AC20 Dense Bin 100/150 to BS
13108-1.
• Sub-base shall be 150mm of granular sub-base material Type 1 SHW clause 803. Where
footway crossings are located the thickness should be increased to 200mm.

14.10 Sacrificial construction

14.10.1 Where there is known to be further work within the footway such as utility laying etc or
there is potential for on-going damage within a development and where safe pedestrian
passage is required to be maintained, with the prior approval of the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure, a sacrificial construction can be provided.

14.10.2 The construction should consist of the overall standard construction depth made up of
granular sub-base material Type 1 SHW clause 803 and a 50mm depth of AC20 Dense Bin
100/150 to BS 13108-1 to provide a sealed surface.

14.10.3 Once the construction has been deemed to have served its purpose the construction
should be removed and full construction to be provided in accordance with clauses 14.2 – 14.6.

14.11 Public Utility works within a footway.

14.11.1 Specific attention must be taken to ensure correct compaction when backfilling utility
trenches within footways. Where utility main is excavated adjacent to kerb race specific care
must be taken not to undermine carriageway sub-base / capping below kerb race. Any such
undermining will require full removal of kerb race and re-establishment of sub-base / capping
depths and reconstruction of kerb race as directed by Director of Economy &Infrastructure.
14.11.2 Where more than a single utility box is located in close proximity within a footway (such
as water stop tap boxes), they should be congregated within a 150 x 50 EF kerb border and in
filled with a 150mm depth, brushed finish, ST4 Concrete. 200 x 50 EF to be used where located
within vicinity of a vehicle crossing. See Standard Detail. This detail allows for the surface to be
correctly compacted around the utility boxes.
14.11.3 Utility positioning within footways should accord with NJUG guidelines. Table below
gives summary of requirements for 2.0m wide footways.

57
 Utility main or cable Offset from face of kerb to Required cover from footway
centre of main or cable. finished level to top of main or
(mm) cable. (mm)
Telecommunications 430 350 *
Water 690 900 *
Gas 960 600 *
Cable TV / Communications 1255 250 – 350 *
Electricity LV 1550 450 *
Electricity HV 1550 450 – 1200 *
* Utility services cannot be installed within the footway construction and therefore must be
depended to accord as necessary.

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15.0 VEHICLE, PEDESTRIAN & CYCLE CROSSINGS
15.1 Vehicular crossings

15.1.1 Vehicular crossings are to be provided at the entrances to all garages and residential
properties with sufficient width to accommodate a vehicle.

15.1.2 For all vehicular crossing a minimum of three precast concrete kerbs 125mm x
255mm to BS 7263 Part 1 1994 Type BN, in accordance with standard constructiondrawings
shall be installed to provide a vehicular crossing with a minimum width of 3.6m. These dropped
kerbs shall be set to show an upstand of 20mm with tolerances as given in Section 1.28.7

15.2 Pedestrian crossings

15.2.1 Where pedestrian routes cross carriageways and footways at junctions, two dropped
kerbs with tapers shall be provided on each side of the carriageway or junction. Tactile paving
shall be installed in accordance with the Drawing Appendix and at the approval of the Director
of Economy & Infrastructure.

15.2.2 The dropped kerb shall be set +6mm to +3mm with the carriageway channel level to the
tolerances given in Section 1.28.7

15.3 Cycle crossings

15.3.1 Where a cycleway adjacent to the carriageway is interrupted by pedestrian or vehicular

crossings, the change in level shall be achieved over at least two kerbs, using standard precast
concrete kerbs and laid to suit in place of the standard one taper kerb.

15.3.2 The dropped kerb shall be set +6mm to +3mm with the carriageway channel level to the
tolerances given in Section 1.28.7

15.4 Construction depths

15.4.1 Singular & multiple residential vehicular crossings shall be constructed in accordance with
the Drawing Appendix and at the approval of the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

15.4.2 For commercial and industrial crossings the construction shall be as per Standard Road
Specification.

15.5 Dropped kerbs and alignments

15.5.1 Dropped kerbs and tapers shall comply with the requirements of BS 7263, Part 1, 1994
figures 2(a) and 2(k) respectively.

15.5.2 Kerbs shall be laid to a flowing alignment and to the construction requirements of Section
10 of this Specification.

59
15.6 Tactile Paving

15.6.1 Blister tactile paving is to be provided at in-line junction crossings & off-line crossings.

15.6.2 Blister tactile paving must align and be in the line of travel. It must abut a minimum 1.2m
BN dropped kerb. The back edge must be at right angles to the direction of crossing.

15.6.3 Utility box positions within the footway should be designed / positioned so that they do
not obstruct the tactile arrangement.

15.6.4 Tactile layouts shall accord in layout to the Standard Detail Drawings. In-line crossings
should have a minimum 1.2m x 1.2m area whilst off-line crossings should have a minimum 0.8m
x 1.2m area. Widths above 1.2m to be provided only where the volume of pedestrian
movements constitutes this.

15.6.5 400 x 400 x 65mm Blister Tactile Paving Slabs must accord with BS EN 1339:2003.

15.6.6 As an alternative to 15.6.5, 200 x 133 x 60mm concrete block units to BS EN 1338:2003
can be used if approved by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure.

15.6.7 All blister tactile paving for un-controlled crossings to be Buff. All blister tactile paving for
controlled crossings to be Red.

15.6.8 Blister paving should be laid on:

• 25mm bed of 1:6 cement / sand mortar
• 100mm ST1 Concrete
• 100mm Type 1 sub-base conforming to SHW Clause 803

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16.0 VERGES & VISIBILITY SPLAYS
16.1 Seeding & Turfing - General

16.1.1 The Developer shall carry out all work in the Specification in accordance with BS 7370
General Landscape Operation or a Standard approved by the Director of Economy &
Infrastructure.

16.1.2 Seeding can only be applied when suitable growing season is available. When weather
condition / season is not applicable, turf should be provided.

16.2 Initial Ground Preparation

16.2.1 The topsoil shall be cultivated to a depth of 100mm avoiding the disturbance of the
subsoil, by suitable approved mechanical means or by hand cultivation on banks or confined
areas. All stones over 25mm in any dimension, weeds, roots and other undesirable material
shall be removed from the location and disposed of at an approved Refuse Disposal Site. Soil
shall be brought to a friable tilth by treading, firming and raking. Where applicable the degree of
accuracy in determining a level profile shall be determined by boning rods, or other approved
means, after firming in accordance with BS 7370. Operations shall not be carried out during
periods of inclement weather where the ground is saturated, boggy or frost covered.

16.3 Fertilizer application

16.3.1 After final grading all areas to be seeded or turfed shall have a base dressing of an
approved translocated, non-residual herbicide & pre-seeding fertilizer applied at the specified
rate and in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The developer should provide
details of the herbicide to be used prior to use. The dressing shall be applied by means of
approved fertilizer distributor machinery or by hand in small confined areas and then lightly
worked into the surface with harrow or rake 7 days prior to initial cultivation. The final level for
seeding shall be 50mm above any adjacent hard surface area and shall be flush with any
adjacent hard surface for turfing.

16.4 Seeding

16.4.1 After cultivation operations have been carried out, the areas shall be sown with grass
seed, which has been stored off the ground in a clean, dry place free from vermin. The
Developer shall be required to supply Certificates for all grass seed stating the source, mixture,
percentage purity and percentage germination rate and date of purchase. The Director of
Economy & Infrastructure will be entitled to take samples of the grass seed mixture for testing.
The seed mixture shall meet the requirements of germination and purity laid down in BS 7370.
Following an even distribution of seed, the developer shall carry out a light raking or harrowing
of the area and ensure consolidation of the seed with the soil by the use of a light roller. All
reasonable precautions shall be taken to ensure that pedestrians and other traffic does not
cross areas during cultivation or until the grass is established.

16.4.2 The low-growth seed mixture (or similar approved) should accord with the following
specification and be spread at a rate of 30g/m2:
• 30% Chewing Fescue

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 • 30% Slender Creeping Red Fescue
• 20% Smooth Stalked Meadow Grass
• 10% Hard Fescue
• 10% Browntop Bent

16.4.3 If the areas fail to germinate within one month then re-seeding will be necessary.

16.5 Reinforced Verge Construction

16.5.1 Due to the vehicle over run of verges (particularly where adjacent to shared surface
carriageway construction) all verges must be constructed with a UPVC Grass Reinforcement
Cellular Paver which can accommodate loadings of 20 tonnes. Construction to accord with
Standard Detail Drawing 2020 200 08. In situations where larger vehicles are present or where
excessive numbers are expected to over-run the verge construction should accord with
Standard Detail Drawing 2020 600 02.

16.6 Turfing

16.6.1 After cultivating operations have been carried out, the areas shall be laid to turf, a sample
of which has previously been approved by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure. Turf shall
be to a uniform size and thickness from an approved supplier. It shall be laid with the use of
boards in order that the Developer does not allow the previously laid grass to be walked on.
All turf laid down shall be firmed with a wooden turfing hammer to give a uniform even area
finishing 25mm above the edge of any adjacent hard area. Turf shall be laid in broken joints in
a half band pattern. All turf shall be laid within 24 hours of delivery from the supplier and shall
not be damaged or yellowed. Following turf laying an approved top dressing shall be spread
and brushed over the turfed area ensuring all joints are adequately filled. To prevent
scorching and shrinkage the turf shall not be allowed to dry out during establishment.

16.7 Maintenance of seeded areas

16.7.1 During the Spring following seeding, and before the application of any selective weed
killer, the grassed area shall be dressed with an approved granular post seeding fertilizer applied
at the rate of 50g per sq.m. During the period of establishment, all newly grassed areas shall be
cut twice, each cut reducing the growth height by one third. The first and second cuts shall take
place when the growth height reaches 75mm. Seeded areas shall be lightly rolled to
consolidate the surface one week prior to the first cut. Cutting is to take place using suitable
mowing machinery when conditions are not excessively wet or damp. Cutting shall be
continued at appropriate intervals until the finished maximum height is 25mm.

16.8 Maintenance of turfed areas

16.8.1 During the Spring following seeding, and before the application of any selective weed
killer, the grassed area shall be dressed with an approved granular post seeding fertilizer applied
at the rate of 50g per sq.m. During the period of establishment, all newly grassed areas shall be
cut twice, each cut reducing the growth height by one third. The first and second cuts shall take
place when the growth height reaches 75mm. Cutting is to take place using suitable
mowing machinery when conditions are not excessively wet or damp. Cutting shall be
continued at appropriate intervals until the finished maximum height is 25mm. During the

62
period of establishment the Developer shall water the turf as often as necessary to ensure it
does not dry out prior to establishment.

16.9 Overseeding

16.9.1 When instructed by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure, the Developer shall
overseed sparse or thin areas of turf. The turf shall be overseeded using suitable and
appropriate cultivars of grass seed approved by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure at the
rate of 35g per sq.m. The surface shall be graded or topsoiled as necessary to provide even
running levels and a surface suitable for seeding.

16.10 Edge Support delineation

16.10.1 Edge support delineation through pedestrian crossing points and around street lighting
columns shall be provided by the installation of 50mm x 150mm Hydraulically pressed, precast,
flat topped, concrete edgings to BS EN 1340:2003, Type EF, Figure K3b. Where a vehicular
crossing is present a 50mm x 2000mm Hydraulically pressed, precast, flat topped, concrete
edging is to be used.

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17.0 STRUCTURES
17.1 General

17.1.1 Structures that are considered to ‘potentially affect’ the safety of the highway, whether
to be adopted or not and permanent or temporary, where Worcestershire County Council are
the highway authority are to follow technical approval procedures as set out in the ‘Technical
Approval of Highway Structures’ BD2 of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges volume 1
section 1. After April 1st 2010 and unless agreed with the Technical Approval Authority (TAA)
Eurocodes must be used for the design and modification of existing highway structures
(including geotechnical works)

17.1.2 Technical assessment of any structure should follow the protocols stated within Clause
3.8 WCC Streetscape Design Guide.

17.1.3 Although not exhaustive the following listing provides details of structures which will be
subject to Technical Assessment.

• All bridges over or under the highway

• All culverts pipes crossing under the highway greater than 0.9m span
• Pipes or culverted streams or other structures greater than 0.9m span or diameter
along the highway either maintained privately or by statutory undertakers.
• Any structures which are not pipes less than 0.9m span/diameter
• Retaining walls greater than 4 feet in height and within 4 yards of the highway
boundary as described in section 167 of The Highways Act 1980.
• Any retaining wall within 4 yards of the highway retaining sloping ground.
• Any retaining wall supporting the highway regardless of height.
• Any private cellar or basement under or adjacent to the highway
• Reinforced earth structures with or without hard facings, includes gabion and crib
lock walls.
• High masts and lighting columns compliant with the standard for the design of minor
structures BD94/07 will be category 0 unless notified otherwise.
• High masts and lighting columns not compliant with the standard for the design of
minor structures BD94/07 will be category 1 unless notified otherwise.
• Any part of a building structure overhanging the highway
• Highway sign posts greater than 7m in height.
• Any temporary works which are described as above.
• Structures required to be assessed by the highway authority whether or not
maintained by them.

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18.0 STREET LIGHTING – HIGHWAY LIGHTING, ILLUMINATED SIGNS &
ILLUMINATED BOLLARDS.
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 This document is to be read in conjunction with Worcestershire County Council (WCC) Street
Lighting Design Guide.

18.1.2 All highway lighting, illuminated signs and illuminated bollards must be designed,
specified and installed to (WCC) requirements.

18.1.3 There are 2 methods for developers to achieve the above requirements:

METHOD 1 - Developer elects to use the design facilities of WCC and its partnering consultant JACOBS.
Lighting will be designed to WCC requirements for an agreed fee.

METHOD 2 - Developer elects to design the highway lighting scheme in house or by

using a specialist highway lighting Consultant. In either instance, designers must comply with the
competency requirements specified by WCC and comply with the principals outlined in the Street
Lighting Design Guide. The design must be submitted to WCC for approval. A fee will be charged for
checking all designs submitted by the Developer. If the first submission is found to be unacceptable,
an escalating fee will be charged for subsequent submissions.
The design must be approved prior to any installation work commencing on site.
Full details of the above methods are contained in the following sections.

18.1.4 If a developer fails to follow the requirements of either of the above methods, the highway
lighting will not be adopted.

18.1.5 Method 1 is recommended as the preferred approach to fulfil WCC requirements as it

provides a streamlined approach and reduces the developers’ risk.

18.2 Procedures Summary

METHOD 1 WCC METHOD 2 WCC

WCC TO DESIGN CHARGE DEVELOPER TO DESIGN CHARGE
WCC to design ● Developer to design
Developer to set out column positions WCC to design check ●
Installation of approved scheme Re-design additional design checks ●++
Supply WCC with Test documents Developer to set out column positions
Inspection of approved scheme Installation of approved scheme
Additional installation inspections ●++ Supply WCC with Test documents
Bulk clean and lamp change WCC to inspect installation
Light level checks ● Additional installation inspections ●++
Payment of any commuted sums ● Bulk clean and lamp change ●
Adoption Light level checks ●
Payment of any commuted sums ●
Adoption

●++ = Escalating charges

65
18.3 Method 1
18.3.1 Developer elects to use the design facilities of Worcestershire County Council and its
partnering consultant Jacobs. Lighting will be designed to WCC requirements for an agreed fee. If a
Developer wishes to use this design service, then a schedule of requirements (SOR) will be issued
upon request by Jacobs which would need to be fulfilled.

18.3.2 Commuted sums will be required to cover the future additional maintenance / replacement
costs.

18.3.3 Listed Building Consent for attaching highway lighting equipment or illuminated signs to listed
buildings may be a requirement where applicable. The Developer will fund and be responsible for
the application and obtaining any such Wayleave and Listed Building Consent.

18.4 Setting Out Column Positions

18.4.1 It will be the responsibility of the Developer (or his appointed independent Consultant or
lighting contractor) to mark out on the site, the final lighting column positions in accordance with
the approved design.

18.4.2 The Developer or his appointed independent Consultant shall deal with any
correspondence/queries that may arise either with the Developer or members of the public etc but
copies of correspondence/responses must be forwarded to the WCC Street Lighting Section for
record purposes. Column positions may not be changed without the prior agreement of
Worcestershire County Council.

18.4.3 It will be the Developer's responsibility to ensure that prospective property purchasers are
fully aware of the location of all highway lighting equipment. Any subsequent alterations to an
approved layout due to site considerations will not be approved unless the Developer can
demonstrate that this change has been brought to the attention of owners/prospective purchasers.

18.5 Installation
18.5.1 On sites where highway lighting already exists, the Developer shall be responsible for
maintaining lighting provision (by means of temporary lighting if necessary), to the approval of WCC
Street Lighting Section.

18.5.2 Existing highway lighting, illuminated signs or bollards shall NOT be disconnected prior to
approval from WCC Street Lighting Section. Existing lighting may be the property of a District, Town
or Parish Council; therefore early consultation is required to establish ownership of all existing
lighting.

18.5.3 Electrical services to all highway lighting are to be supplied by the Distribution Network
Operator. Generally Passive Safe equipment and signs and bollards located on islands and
roundabouts are to be supplied using private cable from a dedicated local feeder pillar, but unless
otherwise specified by Worcestershire County Council, private cables are NOT permitted. Details of
the District Network Operator or their agent for this work can be obtained from WCC Street Lighting
Section.

18.5.4 Where District Network Operator connections are required all underground electrical are to
be installed in ducting as specified by the Distribution Network Operator.

66
18.5.5 For all private underground services 100mm smooth bore MDPE duct (orange colour) is to be
installed to WCC requirements.

18.5.6 Where private underground services are provided in road crossings, additional ducting will be
provided at the expense of the developer. Future usage of these ducts will be developed in
conjunction with WCC Street Lighting Section

18.5.7 Where the extent of the removal is temporary to facilitate other works, the developer will be
responsible for safe storage and subsequent return in original condition and to workingoperation.

18.5.8 The developer shall be responsible for the implementation of all work required in the
removal, replacement or resiting of any existing lighting equipment made necessary by the site
works. This work may involve the total removal and disposal of units from site and/or the
replacement/resiting of units within the general area affected by the site works.

18.5.9 Installation work is to be carried out by a WCC approved specialist highway lighting
Contractor. A list of specialist Approved Highway Lighting Contractors can be obtained from WCC
Street Lighting Section. All highway lighting contractors who are approved must hold up-to-date
Highway Electrical Sector Scheme certificates of competency, be Members of the National
Inspection Council of Electrical Installation Contractor (NICEIC) and the Association of Street Lighting
Contractor (ASLEC).

18.5.10 To safeguard Health and Safety, all statutory requirements and any other requirements
specified by WCC must be fully complied with. Developers should note that existing lighting points
and illuminated signs may be supplied either by private cable or DNO cable. Guidance must be
sought from Worcestershire County Council.

18.5.11 Highway lighting columns are to be sited at the rear of and within the footway and within
the adoptable area.

18.5.12 All highway lighting columns are to be numbered in accordance with the approved highway
lighting standard design drawing NWL 1 of Worcestershire County Council’s specifications (available
on request).

18.6 Electrical Testing

18.6.1 The Developer must arrange for the highway lighting installation Contractor to electrically test
all the highway lighting equipment, including any private cables, installed on the development. The
testing must be in accordance with the latest edition of BS7671 at the time of the test and in
accordance with the requirements of WCC Street Lighting Section specification

18.6.2 A copy of the completed Test Certificate (ECTIC) that is issued with the Street Lighting Design
Guide must be returned within 7 (seven) days of the test readings being recorded. The ECTIC form is
available on request.

18.7 Inspections by Worcestershire County Council

18.7.1 WCC Street Lighting Section will carry out a full provisional and final inspection of the highway
lighting system upon request by the Developer. Any defect noted on inspection will be identified and
referred back to the Developer or his appointed independent Consultant.

18.7.2 Any defects found and notified to the Developer or his appointed independent Consultant
must be rectified within eight weeks of the defect report being issued.

67
18.7.3 Special note should be made of the cost implications under Item 8 for any abortive Inspection
visits by the WCC Street Lighting Section.

18.7.4 In advance of the inspection by WCC, the Developer shall undertake lighting measurements to
demonstrate that design levels have been achieved in practice. Worcestershire CC is able to offer
this service for an additional fee.

18.7.5 All Wayleaves and Listed Building Consents shall be fully agreed and completed and
submitted to WCC before inspection can commence.

18.8 Additional Developer Responsibilities

18.8.1 For a minimum period of 12 (twelve) months from the date on which the Worcestershire
County Council Development Control Section certifies in writing that the works are acceptable, the
Developer shall execute all work necessary to maintain the highway lighting in good repair and
rectify any faults as directed by WCC Street Lighting Section. During this time the Developer is fully
responsible for all costs associated with the equipment until formal Adoption thisincludes:

18.8.2 Any damage whether accidental or due to vandalism, all operational and maintenance costs
which includes:

• Routine maintenance such as lantern cleaning and regular checking on continuing

operation.
• Non-routine maintenance such as replacement failures of lamps, photoelectric cells,
electrical control ballasts, fuses

• Electrical energy.
18.8.3 At the time of formal adoption, a complete lamp change will be required. This will be carried
out by Worcestershire County Council’s maintenance contractor at the Developer’s expense.

18.8.4 Worcestershire County Council expects the Developer to maintain the unadopted installation
in safe working order and repair all faults within 5 workings days from the fault occurring.

18.9 Charges by the County Council

18.9.1 A fee will be charged to undertake the Highway Lighting design. A quotation will be provided
after submission of a detailed Highways layout drawing. These charges will be subject to a minimum
charge for each Section 38 or Section 278 Agreement.

18.9.2 The Developer will be required to make a one- off payment to Worcestershire County Council
for the following: -

• Section 38/278 Agreements; where enhanced equipment is agreed, a charge shall be made
for the additional renewal and maintenance cost as determined by WCC Street Lighting
Section.
• Section 278 Agreements; the cost of maintenance and replacement for each highway light
and illuminated sign based on a 30 (thirty) year design life period. This cost will apply to each
highway unit that is subject to the Section 278 Agreement.
• The Developer will be required to make a payment to WCC for each requested follow-up
inspection of the highway lighting system on a development prior to Adoption, after a
previous inspection has resulted in faults being reported and then found not to have been
rectified.

68
 • Under Section 38 Agreements the Developer will meet the cost for cleaning and the
installation of replacement lamps in each highway light, illuminated sign and bollard (bulk
change) on completion of Adoption. This cost will apply to each highway unit that is subject
to the Section 38 Agreement.
• The scale of charges applying at the date of enquiry for Commuted Sums and for abortive
site visits in respect of inspections by the County Council can be obtained from WCC Street
Lighting Section.

18.10 Method 2
18.1.1 Developer elects to design the highway lighting scheme in house or by using a specialist
highway lighting Consultant.

18.10.2 Designers must comply with the requirements of the Institution of Lighting Engineers’
Competency Requirements for Lighting Design Staff meeting the requirements of HD46-06 and the
CDM Regulations.

18.10.3 If a Developer does wish to carry out their own highway lighting design, the specification
brief for that location must be obtained from Worcestershire County Council Street Lighting Section.
The design must then be submitted and approved prior to any installation work commencing on site.

18.11 Design Consideration

18.11.1 The need for communication and co-ordination between Worcestershire County Council’s
Street Lighting Section and the Developer from an early stage is essential to the success of this
process.

18.11.2 Unless stated otherwise, in line with the Street Lighting Design Guide, Worcestershire
County Council will require the Developer to provide highway lighting schemes conforming to the
most recent appropriate published Codes of Practice standards for roads, footways and cycle tracks
that are to be adopted as highways maintained at the public expense.

18.11.3 All highway lighting must be adopted by the relevant Lighting Authority. The Lighting
Authority may be Worcestershire County Council or a District, Town or Parish Council. In some
instances Worcestershire County Council will act as the design/approval agent for a District, Town or
Parish Council.

18.11.4 Where environmental considerations dictate e.g. Conservation Areas, it may be decided by
the County Council that enhanced choices of materials are required, reduced standards of highway
lighting could be provided or no lighting at all. In such locations the views of the respective District,
Town or Parish Council are considered. Developers must advise Worcestershire County Council
Street Lighting Section of any special environmental considerations that may affect lighting provision
at the time.

18.11.5 Where alternative or special highway lighting lanterns and columns are requested by the
Developer and are acceptable to, and approved by Worcestershire County Council a commuted sum
will be required to cover the additional maintenance/replacement costs in the future.

18.11.6 Listed Building Consent for attaching highway lighting equipment or illuminated signs to
listed buildings may be a requirement where applicable. The Developer will fund and be responsible
for the application and obtaining any such Wayleave and Listed Building Consent.

69
18.11.7 Where new private road or major private access junctions are created, adjustments or
additions to the highway lighting along the existing highway may be required, and either a Section
38 or a Section 278 Agreement will be required from Worcestershire County Council Development
Control Section.

18.12 Design Requirements

18.12.1 Lighting designs shall be provided in line with the Street Lighting Design Guide. This shall be
requested by the developer from the Street Lighting Section via communication with the
Development Control Section.

18.12.2 Failure to seek approval of the highway lighting design will prevent the Section 38.

18.13 Highway Lighting Equipment Requirements and Installation Standards

18.13.1 If the Developer wishes to carry out their own highway lighting design on a new
development, when requested WCC will issue:

• Worcestershire County Council Street Lighting Design Guide which includes; Approved
Equipment List and a list of the relevant Statutes, Regulations, Codes of Practice, Guidance
Notes and British/European Standards relevant to WCC requirements.

• Worcestershire County Council Highway Lighting Standard Detail Drawings which includes;
Installation Specifications (including street lighting illuminated sign and bollard equipment).

• Worcestershire County Council Electrical Completion Test and Inspection Certificate (ECTIC)
form.

• Location and specification of all existing lighting assets in the vicinity of the development.

18.13.2 If a design is submitted without the Developer obtaining the Street Lighting Design Guide
from Worcestershire County Council, the design will not be approved. WCC accept no responsibility
for additional costs incurred by the Developer for failing to abide by the process.

18.13.3 On sites where highway lighting already exists, the Developer shall be responsible for
maintaining lighting provision (by means of temporary lighting if necessary), to the approval of WCC
Street Lighting Section.

18.13.4 Existing highway lighting, illuminated signs or bollards shall NOT be disconnected prior to
approval from WCC Street Lighting Section. Existing lighting may be the property of a District, Town
or Parish Council; therefore early consultation is required to establish ownership of all existing
lighting.

18.13.4 Electrical services to all highway lighting are to be supplied by the Distribution Network
Operator. Generally Passive Safe equipment and signs and bollards located on islands and
roundabouts are to be supplied using private cable from a dedicated local feeder pillar, but unless
otherwise specified by Worcestershire County Council, private cables are NOT permitted. Details of
the District Network Operator or their agent for this work can be obtained from WCC Street Lighting
Section.

18.13.5 Where District Network Operator connections are required all underground electrical are to
be installed in ducting as specified by the Distribution Network Operator.

70
18.13.6 For all private underground services 100mm smooth bore MDPE duct (orange colour) is to
be installed to WCC requirements.

18.13.7 Where private underground services are provided in road crossings, additional ducting will
be provided at the expense of the developer. Future usage of these ducts will be developed in
conjunction with WCC Street Lighting Section

18.13.8 Where the extent of the removal is temporary to facilitate other works, the developer will
be responsible for safe storage and subsequent return in original condition and to working
operation.

18.13.9 The developer shall be responsible for the implementation of all work required in the
removal, replacement or resiting of any existing lighting equipment made necessary by the site
works. This work may involve the total removal and disposal of units from site and/or the
replacement/resiting of units within the general area affected by the site works.

18.13.10 Installation work is to be carried out by a WCC approved specialist highway lighting
Contractor. A list of specialist Approved Highway Lighting Contractors can be obtained from WCC
Street Lighting Section. All highway lighting contractors who are approved must hold up-to-date
Highway Electrical Sector Scheme certificates of competency, be Members of the National
Inspection Council of Electrical Installation Contractor (NICEIC) and the Association of Street Lighting
Contractor (ASLEC).

18.13.11 To safeguard Health and Safety, all statutory requirements and any other requirements
specified by WCC must be fully complied with. Developers should note that existing lighting points
and illuminated signs may be supplied either by private cable or DNO cable. Guidance must be
sought from Worcestershire County Council.

18.13.12 Highway lighting columns are to be sited at the rear of and within the footway and within
the adoptable area.

18.13.13 All highway lighting columns are to be numbered in accordance with the approved highway
lighting standard design drawing NWL 1 of Worcestershire County Council’s specifications (available
on request).

18.14 Setting Out Column Positions

18.14.1 It will be the responsibility of the Developer (or his appointed independent Consultant or
lighting contractor) to mark out on the site, the final lighting column positions in accordance with
the approved design.

18.14.2 The Developer or his appointed independent Consultant shall deal with any
correspondence/queries that may arise either with the Developer or members of the public etc but
copies of correspondence/responses must be forwarded to the Worcestershire County Council
Street Lighting Section for record purposes. Column positions may not be changed without the prior
agreement of Worcestershire County Council.

18.14.3 It will be the Developer's responsibility to ensure that prospective property purchasers are
fully aware of the location of all highway lighting equipment. Any subsequent alterations to an
approved layout due to site considerations will not be approved unless the Developer can
demonstrate that this change has been brought to the attention of owners/prospective purchasers.

71
18.15 Electrical Testing
18.15.1 The Developer must arrange for the highway lighting installation Contractor to electrically
test all the highway lighting equipment, including any private cables, installed on the development.
The testing must be in accordance with the latest edition of BS7671 at the time of the test and in
accordance with the requirements of WCC Street Lighting Section specification

18.15.2 A copy of the completed Test Certificate (ECTIC) that is issued with the Street Lighting Design
Guide must be returned within 7 (seven) days of the test readings being recorded. The ECTIC form is
available on request.

18.16 Inspections by Worcestershire County Council

18.16.1 WCC Street Lighting Section will carry out a full provisional and final inspection of the
highway lighting system upon request by the Developer. Any defect noted on inspection will be
identified and referred back to the Developer or his appointed independent Consultant.

18.16.2 Any defects found and notified to the Developer or his appointed independent Consultant
must be rectified within eight weeks of the defect report being issued.

18.16.3 Special note should be made of the cost implications under Item 8 for any abortive
Inspection visits by the WCC Street Lighting Section.

18.16.4 In advance of the inspection by WCC, the Developer shall undertake lighting measurements
to demonstrate that design levels have been achieved in practice. Worcestershire CC is able to offer
this service for an additional fee.

18.16.5 All Wayleaves and Listed Building Consents shall be fully agreed and completed and
submitted to WCC before inspection can commence.

18.17 Additional Developer Responsibilities

18.17.1 For a minimum period of 12 (twelve) months from the date on which the Worcestershire
County Council Development Control Section certifies in writing that the works are acceptable, the
Developer shall execute all work necessary to maintain the highway lighting in good repair and
rectify any faults as directed by WCC Street Lighting Section. During this time the Developer is fully
responsible for all costs associated with the equipment until formal Adoption thisincludes:

18.17.2 Any damage whether accidental or due to vandalism, all operational and maintenance costs
which includes:

• Routine maintenance such as lantern cleaning and regular checking on continuing operation.

• Non-routine maintenance such as replacement failures of lamps, photoelectric cells,

electrical control ballasts, fuses.

• Electrical energy

18.17.3 At the time of formal adoption, a complete lamp change will be required. This will be carried
out by Worcestershire County Council’s maintenance contractor at the Developer’s expense.

18.17.4 Worcestershire County Council expects the Developer to maintain the unadopted
installation in safe working order and repair all faults within 5 workings days from the fault
occurring.

72
18.18 Charges by the County Council
18.18.1 A fee will be charged for checking all designs submitted by the Developer. A quotation will
be provided after submission of the detailed layout drawing.

18.18.2 If the first submission is found to be unacceptable, an escalating fee will be charged for
subsequent submissions

18.18.3 The Developer will be required to make a one- off payment to Worcestershire County
Council for the following:

• Section 38/278 Agreements; where enhanced equipment is agreed, a charge shall be made
for the additional renewal and maintenance cost as determined by Worcestershire County
Council Street Lighting Section.

• Section 278 Agreements; the cost of maintenance and replacement for each highway light
and illuminated sign based on a 30 (thirty) year design life period. This cost will apply to each
highway unit that is subject to the Section 278 Agreement.

• The Developer will be required to make a payment to Worcestershire County Council for
each requested follow-up inspection of the highway lighting system on a development prior
to Adoption, after a previous inspection has resulted in faults being reported and then found
not to have been rectified.

• Under Section 38 Agreements the Developer will meet the cost for cleaning and the
installation of replacement lamps in each highway light, illuminated sign and bollard (bulk
change) on completion of Adoption. This cost will apply to each highway unit that is subject
to the Section 38 Agreement.

18.18.4 The scale of charges applying at the date of enquiry for Commuted Sums and for abortive
site visits in respect of inspections by the County Council can be obtained from Worcestershire
County Council Street Lighting Section.

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19.0 STREET NAMEPLATES
19.1 General

19.1.1 Street naming and nameplates remain the responsibility of the relevant City or District
Council. Developers should contact the relevant City or District Council for requirements and
specification details as per the details below.

• Bromsgrove & Redditch Borough Council - [email protected]

• Malvern Hills District Council – Contact the Street naming team at 01684 862147
• Worcester City Council - [email protected]
• Wychavon District Council – Online applications are via
https://www.wychavon.gov.uk/planning/other-planning-services/street-naming-and-numbering
or contact 01386 565456.
• Wyre Forest District Council - Contact the Street Scene section on 01562 732928 or on-line
information at https://www.wyreforestdc.gov.uk/housing/street-naming-and-numbering.aspx

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(iv) APPENDIX A – CONSTRUCTION THICKNESSES SUMMARY
STANDARD RESIDENTIAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Layer Material Compacted Thickness
Surface course HRA 55/14 C SURF 40/60 40mm
Binder course AC20 Dense Binder 100/150 60mm
Base course AC32 Dense Base 100/150 130mm
Sub-base MOT Type 1 See table Cl 5.5.1
Capping 6F1, 6F2 See table Cl 5.5.1

INDUSTRIAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Layer Material Compacted Thickness
Surface course HRA 35/14 C SURF 40/60 & 14/20 50mm
Pre-Coated Chippings
Binder course AC20 Dense Binder 100/150 60mm
Base course AC32 Dense Base 100/150 200mm
Sub-base MOT Type 1 See table Cl 5.5.1
Capping 6F1, 6F2 See table Cl 5.5.1

BLOCK PAVING ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Layer Material Compacted Thickness
Surface course Precast concrete rectangular blocks 80mm
of dimensions 200 x 100mm
Laying course Category 11 laying course (sharp) 30mm
sand
Binder course AC20 Dense Binder 100/150 60mm
Base course AC32 Dense Base 100/150 135mm
Sub-base MOT Type 1 See table Cl 5.5.1
Capping 6F1, 6F2 See table Cl 5.5.1

FOOTWAY CONSTRUCTION
Layer Material Compacted Thickness
Surface course AC6 Dense Surf 100/150 25mm
Binder course AC20 Dense Binder 100/150 60mm
Base course AC32 Dense Base 100/150 100mm
Sub-base MOT Type 1 150mm

FOOTPATH CONSTRUCTION (NON-VEHICLE ACCESS)

Layer Material Compacted Thickness
Surface course AC6 Dense Surf 100/150 25mm
Binder course AC20 Dense Binder 100/150 75mm
Sub-base MOT Type 1 150mm

75
FOOTWAY VEHICULAR CROSSING
Layer Material Compacted Thickness
Surface course AC6 Dense Surf 100/150 25mm
Binder course AC20 Dense Binder 100/150 60mm
Base course AC32 Dense Base 100/150 100mm
Sub-base MOT Type 1 200mm

76
(v) APPENDIX B – Testing to be carried out by the contractor

a) This list is not exhaustive but covers the main items that will usually arise from the
construction of Residential Roads. Concrete structures, buried corrugated steel structures,
safety fencing, etc will require additional testing.

b) Tests comparable to those specified in this appendix shall be undertaken for any equivalent
work, goods or materials proposed by the Contractor (see sub clause 105.4 of the DoTSHW).

c) All testing will be carried out at the developer’s expense.

d) (N) Indicates that a NAMAS test report or Certificate is required.

e) Unless otherwise shown in this Appendix tests for work, goods or materials as scheduled
under any one Clause are required for such work, goods or materials in the works.

f) Where the Contractor uses work, goods or materials for which a testing schedule is not shown
in Appendix B2 of the Specification, the Contractor shall use a test and frequency of test on the
work, goods or materials as recommended by the Manufacturer and approved by the Director
of Economy & Infrastructure.

g) Cube strengths shall not be required for concrete complying with BS5328 Standard Mixes.

77
(vi) APPENDIX C – Worcestershire County Council Highways Construction
Testing & Inspection programming for New Developments

Development Construction WCC Testing Notification of

Stage Requirement Inspection
Formation Level. CBR tests, quantity and WCC Officer to
location to be agreed with Inspect formation &
Supervising Officer compaction.
Capping of Sub-base Material / Compaction WCC officer to inspect
Testing Material / Compaction
Confirm and agree 6F2
Material conveyance tickets capping required depths
with final daily supply total based on CBR values with
copied to supervising officer supervising officer prior to
on request commencement of works.
Completion of Sub-base Material / Compaction WCC officer to inspect.
Testing
Granular Sub-base Type 1 Material conveyance tickets
with final daily supply total
copied to inspecting officer
on request
Base course Material / Compaction WCC officer to inspect.
Testing
Material conveyance tickets
with final daily supply total
copied to inspecting officer
on request
Binder course Material / Compaction WCC officer to inspect.
Testing
Material conveyance tickets
with final daily supply total
copied to inspecting officer
on request
Surface course Material / Compaction WCC officer to inspect.
Testing
Material conveyance tickets
with final daily supply total
copied to inspecting officer
on request
Carriageway Surface Rolling Straight Edge WCC officer to inspect
regularity
Pipes for drainage and Manufacturers Certificate of WCC officer to inspect.
service ducts. conformity
Pipe bedding Material Testing WCC officer to inspect
Material conveyance ticket
copied to inspector on
request

78
 Filter Media backfill Material Testing on request WCC officer to inspect
Precast concrete manhole Manufacturers Certificate of WCC officer to inspect
chambers and ancillaries conformity
including covers
Gullies (Precast Manufacturers Certificate of WCC officer to inspect
Concrete and Plastic) conformity
Contractor to provide
operative to free and
lift gully and I/C covers
Highway adoptable CCTV survey, report and log WCC officer to inspect
Drainage Systems copied to inspector.
Possible Air Test
Water Authority adoptable Material / Compaction Submit evidence of Water
sewer systems testing of granular trench Authority approval
backfill
Acceptable material Material testing WCC officer to inspect
(Recycled) Suppliers Certificates of
conformity
Precast Kerbs, channels and Certificates of conformity WCC officer to inspect
edgings
Block paving Manufacturers Certificates of WCC officer to inspect
conformity
Block paving laying sand Material testing WCC officer to inspect
Suppliers Certificates of
conformity
Bricks & Blocks Manufacturers Certificates of WCC officer to inspect
conformity

All variations to approved drawings and specifications shall be submitted in writing to the
Council's Engineer with supporting revised drawing(s) for approval and prior to work
completion.

No surfacing of the development is permitted prior to an inspection, completion of any

identified defects and written approval by WCC Inspecting officer.

The developer, when requested, shall provide WCC Inspecting officer with detailed core logs
and material testing results taken at agreed locations.

On completion of S278 / 38 works, the developer shall formally request in writing the
Provisional Certificate of Completion. All necessary inspections will be undertaken and any
arising defective works shall be reported to the Developer. These defective works shall be
remedied to the satisfaction of the WCC Inspecting officer prior to commencement of the
minimum 12 Month Maintenance period.

Following the 12 Month maintenance period the Developer shall formally request in writing the
Final Certificate of Completion. All necessary inspections will be undertaken and any arising
defective works shall be reported to the Developer. These defective works shall be remedied to
the satisfaction of the WCC Inspecting officer prior to issuing the Final Certificate of Completion
and adoption of the works.

79
(vii) APPENDIX C1 – Earthworks, Sub-base & Trench Reinstatement
Materials Compaction Sheet 1

Definitions, Classification and General use of Earthworks Materials

The following definitions of earthworks materials shall apply to this and other Clauses of the
Specification in which reference is made to defined materials:

I. Topsoil shall mean the top layer of soil that can support vegetation

II. Suitable material shall comprise all that which is acceptable in accordance with
the Specification for use in the works.

III. Unsuitable material shall mean other than suitable material and shall comprise:
• Material from swamps, marshes and bogs;
• Peat, logs, stumps and perishable materials
• Materials susceptible to spontaneous combustion
• Materials in a frozen condition
• Clay of liquid limit exceeding 90 and/or plasticity index exceeding 65

Materials giving a moisture content greater than the maximum permitted for such materials in
the Specification, unless otherwise permitted by the Director of Economy & Infrastructure
Representative.

For the purpose of Appendix C3 Earthworks Compaction Table materials are grouped as follows:

‘Cohesive soil’ includes clays and marls with up to 20 percent of gravel or rock and having a
moisture content not less than the level of the plastic limit (determined in accordance with BS
1377 Test No 3) minus 4; also chalk having a saturation moisture content of 20 percent or
greater.

‘Well graded granular and dry cohesive soils’ includes clays and marls with up to 20 percent of
gravel coefficient exceeding 10 and chalk having a saturation moisture content of 15-20 percent,
well graded sands and gravels with a uniformity or rock and having a moisture content not less
than the level of the plastic limit.

‘Uniformly graded material’ includes sand and gravels with a uniformity coefficient of 10 or less
and all silts and pulverised fuel ashes. Any soil containing 80 percent or more of material in the
particle size range 0.06-0.002mm will be regarded as silt for this purpose.

The Developer shall only employ that plant which is suitable to the soils that are to be handled.
He shall take care to maintain the nature of the suitable material so that when it is placed and
compacted it remains suitable in accordance with the Specification.

Where the excavation reveals a combination of suitable and unsuitable material the Developer
is advised to carry out the excavation in such a manner that the suitable materials are excavated
separately for use in the works without contamination by the unsuitable materials.

80
Materials for use as sub-base shall comply with the requirements of S6.2.

The compaction of sub-base material shall meet the requirements of Appendix C4 Sub-base
compaction table.

For the purposes of Appendix C5 Materials will be grouped as follows:

• Cohesive materials
• Granular materials
• Bituminous materials

These materials shall be strictly in accordance with the Specification. The compaction of the
trench reinstatement materials shall meet the requirements of Appendix C5 Trench
Reinstatement Compaction Tables.

81
(viii) APPENDIX C2 – Compaction Plant
1. The depth of a compacted layer is the height by which the embankment is raised by each
successive compacted layer.

2. The number of passes is the number of times that each point on the surface of the layer being
compacted has been traversed by the item of compaction plant.

3. The compactive effort of each compactor is a function of the mass of the machine and the
compaction plant in Appendices C3, C4 and C5 are listed in terms of their masses. Where a
smooth wheeled roller has more than one axle the machine shall be assessed on the basis of the
axle giving the lowest value of mass per metre width.

4. Vibrating rollers are self-propelled or towed smooth wheeled rollers having a means of
applying mechanical vibration to one or more rolls.

5. The requirements of vibrating rollers are based on the use of the lowest gear on a self-
propelled machine with mechanical transmission and a speed of 1.5-2.5 km/h for a towed
machine or a self-propelled machine with a hydrostatic transmission. If higher speeds or gears
are used an increased number of passes shall be provided in proportion to the increase in speed
of travel.

6. Where a mechanical vibration is applied to two rolls in tandem, the minimum number of
passes shall be half the number given in the compaction tables (Appendices C3, C4 and C5) for
the appropriate mass per metre width of one vibrating roll. If one roll differs in mass per metre
width from the other, the number of passes shall be calculated as for the roll of the lower value.
Alternatively, the machine may be treated as having a single vibrating roll with a mass per metre
equal to that of the roll with the higher value.

7. Vibrating type rollers operating without vibration will be classified as smooth wheeledrollers.

8. Vibrating rollers shall be operated with their vibratory mechanism operating only at the
frequency of vibration recommended by the Manufacturer. All such rollers shall be equipped or
provided with a device automatically indicating the frequency at which the mechanism is
operating.

9. Vibrating plate compactors are machines having a base plate to which is attached a source of
vibration consisting of one or two eccentrically weighted shafts.

10. The mass per unit area of vibrating plate compactors is calculated by dividing the total mass
of the machine in its working condition by the area of the plate on contact with the surface of
the layer being compacted.

11. Vibrating plate compactors shall be operated at the frequency of vibration recommended by
the Manufacturer. They shall nominally be operated at travelling speeds of less than 1km/h but
if higher speeds are necessary the number of passes shall be increased in proportion to the
increase in speed of travel.

82
12. Vibro tampers are machines in which an engine driven reciprocating mechanism acts on a
spring system through the oscillations set up in a base plate.

13. Where combinations of different type of categories of plant are used, the compaction
requirements shall be: The depth of layer shall be that shall be that for the type of plant
required least depth of layer, and: The number of passes shall be that for the type of plant
requiring the greatest number of passes.

14. Where the Contractor uses a lighter type of plant to provide some preliminary compaction
only to assist the use of heavier plant, this shall be disregarded in assessing the requirements of
Appendix C3.

15. Where materials of widely divergent characteristics are used in embankments and fill area
they shall be spread and compacted in separate clearly defined areas in such a manner as to
comply with the requirements of Appendix C3.

16. If more than one Class of material is being used in such a way that it is not practicable to
define the areas in which each class occurs, compaction plant shall be operated as if only the
material which requires the greater compactive effort is required.

17. If in doubt about the choice of appropriate plant, the Developer should contact the Director
of Economy & Infrastructure’s Representative.

83
(ix) APPENDIX C3 – Earthworks Compaction Table
Type of Category Cohesive Soils Well Graded Uniformly
Compaction Granular & Dry Graded
Plant Cohesive Soils Material
Smooth Mass per m width of roll D N D N D N
Wheeled Kg/m
Roller
Over 2100kg up to 2700kg 125 8 125 10 125 10
Over 2700kg up to 5400kg 125 6 125 8 125 8
Over 5400kg 150 4 150 8 Unsuitable

Vibrating Mass per m width of roll D N# D N# D N#

Roller on a vibrating roller Kg/m

Over 270kg up to 450kg Unsuitable 75 16 150 16

Over 450kg up to 700kg Unsuitable 75 12 150 12
Over 700kg up to 1300kg 100 12 125 10 150 6
Over 1300kg up to 1800kg 125 8 150 8 200 10
Over 1800kg up to 2300kg 150 4 150 4 225 12
Over 2300kg up to 2900kg 175 4 175 4 250 10
Over 2900kg up to 3600kg 200 4 200 4 275 8
Over 3600kg up to 4300kg 225 4 225 4 300 8
Over 4300kg up to 5000kg 250 4 250 4 300 6
Over 5000kg 275 4 275 4 300 4

Vibrating Mass per unit area of base D N D N D N

Plate Kg/sq.m
Compactor
Over 880kg up to 1100kg Unsuitable Unsuitable 75 6
Over 1100kg up to 1200kg Unsuitable 75 10 100 6
Over 1200kg up to 1400kg Unsuitable 75 6 150 6
Over 1400kg up to 1800kg 100 6 125 6 150 4
Over 1800kg up to 2100kg 150 6 150 5 200 4
Over 2100kg 200 6 200 5 250 4

Vibro- Mass D N D N D N
Tamper
Over 50kg up to 65kg 100 3 100 3 150 3
Over 65kg up to 75kg 125 3 125 3 200 3
Over 75kg up to 100kg 150 3 150 3 225 3
Over 100kg 225 3 200 3 225 3

D - Maximum Number of Compacted Layers N – Minimum Number of Passes

# - For Twin drum machines with both drums vibrating, halve the number of passes.
Small vibrating plate compactors do not comply with minimum requirements therefore are not
suitable for formation compaction. Manufacturers plant should be checked against Type &
Category to determine suitability.

84
(x) APPENDIX C4 – Sub-base Compaction Table
Type of Category Number of passes for layers not greater than:
Compaction
Plant
Smooth Mass per m width of roll 110mm 150mm
Wheeled Kg/m
Roller
Over 2700kg up to 5400kg 16 Unsuitable
Over 5400kg 8 16
Vibrating Mass per m width of roll # #
Roller on a vibrating roller Kg/m

Over 700kg up to 1300kg 16 Unsuitable

Over 1300kg up to 1800kg 6 16
Over 1800kg up to 2300kg 4 6
Over 2300kg up to 2900kg 3 5
Over 2900kg up to 3600kg 3 5
Over 3600kg up to 4300kg 2 4
Over 4300kg up to 5000kg 2 4
Over 5000kg 2 3

Vibrating Mass per unit area of base

Plate Kg/sq.m
Compactor
Over 1400kg up to 1800kg 8 Unsuitable
Over 1800kg up to 2100kg 5 8
Over 2100kg 3 6

Vibro- Mass Kg
tamper
Over 50kg up to 65kg 4 8
Over 65kg up to 75kg 3 6
Over 75kg up to 100kg 2 4

# - For Twin drum machines with both drums vibrating, halve the number of passes.
Small vibrating plate compactors do not comply with minimum requirements therefore are not
suitable for formation compaction. Manufacturers plant should be checked against Type &
Category to determine suitability.

85
(xi) APPENDIX C5 – Trench Reinstatement Compaction Table

86
APPENDIX D – Bituminous Materials, Temperature Guidelines

Materials For specific minimum Temperatures (°C)

temperatures for materials reference Material Delivery Rolling
should be made to BS595987 Max Min Min
H.R.A. WEARING COURSES (50 PEN) 190 140 85
H.R.A. WEARING COURSES (50 PEN) 190 155 85
with PCCS
H.R.A. BASECOURSE/ROADBASES (50 170 120 85
PEN)
DENSE/CLOSE GRADED MACADAMS 160 120 95
(100 PEN)
DENSE/CLOSE GRADED MACADAMS 150 110 85
(200 PEN)

87
(xii) APPENDIX E – Standard Detail Drawings
Please contact WCC Director of Economy & Infrastructure for DWG or PDF versions of
drawings stated below at [email protected]
DRAWING WCC 2020 100 01 Rev A Residential Road Construction
DRAWING WCC 2020 100 02 Rev B Industrial & High Category Residential Road Construction
DRAWING WCC 2020 100 03 Rev A Residential Road Construction (Block Paving)
DRAWING WCC 2020 100 04 Rev A Residential Road Construction (Block Paving – 125mm kerb
face)
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 01 Footway Construction
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 02 Block Paved Footway Construction
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 03 Vehicular Crossing Construction 1:12
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 04 Alternative Vehicle Crossing Construction 1:40
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 05 Plan of Alternative Vehicle Crossing Construction 1:40
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 06 Footpath & Divorced Footway Construction
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 07 Block Paved Vehicle Crossing Construction 1:12
DRAWING WCC 2020 200 08 Verge Margin Construction
DRAWING WCC 2020 300 01 Detail of In-Line Uncontrolled Tactile Paving Crossing (At
Junctions)
DRAWING WCC 2020 300 02 Detail of Off-Line Uncontrolled Tactile Paving Crossing (Away
from Junctions)
DRAWING WCC 2020 300 03 Layout of Off-Line Uncontrolled Tactile Paving Crossing (Away
from Junctions)
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 01 125 x 255 Kerb Type HB Replacement to Existing Carriageway
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 02 125 x 255 Half Battered Kerb
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 03 Tarmac Raised Table Entrance Ramp
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 04 50 x 150 Edging Bullnosed Kerb Type EBN
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 05 50 x 200 Edging Type EF (to be utilised at vehicle crossings)
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 06 50 x 150 Edging Type EF (to be utilised other than at vehicle
crossings)
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 07 Jointing into Existing Road Surfacing
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 08 Vehicular & Pedestrian In line dropped kerb Type 255 x 125 BN
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 09 Replacement Dropped Kerb Type BN
DRAWING WCC 2020 400 10 Tarmac to Block Paving Flush Transition Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 01 Typical Manhole Detail Type A
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 02 Typical Manhole Detail Type B
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 03 Typical Manhole Detail Type C
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 04 Outlet Headwall Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 05 Soakaway Chamber Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 06 Granular Bedding & Sidefill Materials for Flexible Pipes
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 07 Gully Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 500 08 Hessian Bag Headwall Detail & Sections
DRAWING WCC 2020 600 01 Glasdon Neopolitan 150 Bollard Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 600 02 Grasscrete GC3 Detail (Heavy Duty Usage)
DRAWING WCC 2020 600 03A Utility Box Arrangement within Footway or Verge General
Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 600 04 270mm & 600mm Sign LED Illuminated Bollard Base Light & Duct
Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 600 05 LED Illuminated Sign General Detail
DRAWING WCC 2020 600 06 Illuminated Sign Installation Detail
88
DRAWING WCC 2020 600 07 General Cut Out Wiring Arrangement for Lighting Columns &
Illuminated Sign
wee 2020 100 01A
. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
VERGE (with Grass reinforcement)
: . : . : . : . : . : . : ............. :.i\� ��
100
Surface course - 40mm HRA 55/14 C SURF 40/60 TO BS EN13108-4
200MM (40mm OF HRA 55/10 C SURF 40/60 TO BS EN13108-4 can be used as an
alternative at the wee Engineers discretion where road layout
dictates a more flexible laying material).
Binder course 60mm AC20 DENSE BIN 100/150 TO BS EN 13108-1
Base 130mm AC32 DENSE BASE 100/150 TO BS EN13108-1
A bond coat in accordance with BS EN 13808 should be applied
between� bound layers. Bond coat should be applied at a rate of spread of:- Sub-base 225mm TYPE 1 GSB (CBR VALUE 5% & ABOVE)
• at least 0.35 Kg/m2 of residual binder for planed or milled surfaces
at least 0.2 Kg/m2 residual binder to newly laid or overlaying existing asphalt CBR VALUE CAPPING LAYER THICKNESS TYPE 1 GSB
5% AND ABOVE N/A 225mm
3% - 5%. 350mm 150mm
1.5% - 3% 600mm 150mm
Less than 1.5% Bespoke Foundation Design including Geosynthetic to be agreed with wee
RESIDENTIAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION
1worcestershire NOTTO SCALE 2020 REVISIONS © Crown copyright. All rights reserved.
County Hall Worcestershire County Council 100015914
wee 2020 100 01A
Spetchley Road For reference purposes only.
Worcester No further copies may be made.
WR52NP
wee 2020 1oo 02s
85mm 50mm
VERGE (with Grass reinforcement)
Surface course - 50mm HRA 35/14 C SURF 40/60 TO BS EN13108-4 + PCC 14/20
200MM
to PD 6618 C.8. (PSV to be confirmed on each particular site.) 150mm chip free
channel adjacent to kerb.
Binder course 60mm AC20 DENSE BIN 100/150 TO BS EN 13108-1
Base 200mm laid in 2 layers AC32 DENSE Base 100/150 TO BS EN1310-8-1
A bond coat in accordance with BS EN 13808 should be applied
between!!!! bound layers. Bond coat should be applied at a rate of spread of:- Sub-base 225mm TYPE 1 GSB (CBR VALUE 5% & ABOVE)
• at least 0.35 Kg/m2 of residual binder for planed or milled surfaces
at least 0.2 Kg/m2 residual binder to newly laid or overlaying existing asphalt CBRVALUE CAPPING LAYER THICKNESS TYPE 1 GSB
5%ANDABOVE N/A 225mm
3%-5%. 350mm 150mm
1.5% -3% 600mm 150mm
Less than 1.5% Bespoke Foundation Design including Geosynthetic to be agreed with WCC
INDUSTRIAL & HIGH CATEGORY RESIDENTIAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION
1worcestershire NOTTO SCALE 2020 REVISIONS © Crown copyright. All rights reserved.
County Hall Worcestershire County Council 100015914
Spetchley Road For reference purposes only.
Worcester wee 2020 1oo 02s No further copies may be made.
WR52NP
wee 2020 1oo OJA NOTE:
20mm kerb face to be maintained at vehicular crossings.
125x255mm bullnosed kerb, bedded on 25mm bed of 1:3 cement:
sand mortar with 2mm spacing between kerbs (recommend use of
spacers).
VERGE (with Grass reinforcement)
........ .............
.........
...
NOTE
150mm Gully Cover & Frames
must be provided where located
within a block paved carriageway.
80mm Concrete block paving to BS 6717:PART1 200x100mm colour brindle.
Block paving surface sealant to be applied as directed.
NOTE: 200mm
Concrete block paving to be laid in a Herringbone 30mm sharp sand to BS 6717:PART3.
pattern at 90 degrees within the carriageway unless specified by
the Engineer. If 45 degree Herringbone is utilised mitre head A bond coat in accordance with BS EN 13808
Binder 60mm AC20 DENSE BIN 100/150 TO BS EN 13108-1 NOTE:
starter units are to be used. Blocks to be cut by approved guillotine should be applied between all bound layers.
80mm Tegula block paving (Brindle) -
Bond coat should be appliedat a rate of
to no less than ¾of original plan size. Marshalls or similar approved - will be
Blocks to be 200 x 100mm TO BS6717-1 with chamfered edge spread of:- Base 135mm AC32 DENSE BASE 100/150 TO BS EN 13108-1 considered as an alternative at the
• at least 0.35 Kg/m2 of residual binder for
and full height spacer nibs unless approved. ' - - - - - Sub-base 225mm TYPE 1 GSB (CBR VALUE 5% & ABOVE) discretion of the WCC Engineer.
planed or milled surfaces
Following completion of block laying joint filling to be undertaken
with fine silica sand. • at least 0.2 Kg/m2 residual binder to Base course shall not be punctured.
newly laid or overlaying existing asphalt CBRVALUE CAPPING LAYER THICKNESS TYPE 1 GSB
5%ANDABOVE N/A 225mm
Specifically designed ironwork which allows blockwork to be laid 3%-5%. 350mm 150mm
directly up to the frame of the gully grate or manhole cover to be 1.5%-3% 600mm 150mm
used in block paved carriageways. Less than 1.5% Bespoke Foundation Design including Geosynthetic to be agreed with WCC
RESIDENTIAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION (BLOCK PAVING)
1worcestershire NOTTO SCALE 2020 REVISIONS © Crown copyright. All rights reserved.
County Hall Worcestershire County Council 100015914
Spetchley Road For reference purposes only.
Worcester wee 2020 1oo 03A No further copies may be made.
WR52NP
 wee 2020 400 01
PROPOSED CARRIAGEWAY EXISTING CARRIAGEWAY
300mm MIN 300mm MIN 300mm MIN
Sub-base benches at approximately
150mm intervals.
Where a new highway is formed off an
existing carriageway the following must 130mm Base
be undertaken: the existing carriageway
is to be planed to a 100mm depth and 60mm Binder course
Vertical joint sealed with hot poured
60mm binder and 40mm surface course 40mm Surface course --�
bitumen.
(50mm if HRS 35/14 C Surf+ PCC used)
laid over the limits of the new entrance If overbanding is requested by the
up to the existing carriageway centreline. wee Inspector it must be HAPAS
Care must be taken to ensure that the approved.
position of the existing carriageway
channel is retained across the newly
formed entrance.
JOINTING INTO EXISTING ROAD SURFACING
A bond coat in accordance with BS EN 13808 should be applied
between £1! bound layers. Bond coat should be applied at a rate of spread of :-
• at least 0.35 Kg/m2 of residual binder for planed or milled surfaces
• at least 0.2 Kg/m2 residual binder to newly laid or overlaying existing asphalt
1worcestershire NOTTO SCALE 2020 REVISIONS © Crown copyright. All rights reserved.
County Hall Worcestershire County Council 100015914
wee 2020 400 01
Spetchley Road For reference purposes only.
Worcester No further copies may be made.
WR5 2NP
 NB. wee reserve the right to request the inclusion of expansion joints within
wee 2020 400 oa the concrete kerb foundation. The joint will consist of an 18mm thick
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. compressible bitumen impregnated fibreboard at spacings to be specified by
the wee Inspector.
125 X 255mm BN kerb
bedded on 25mm bed of 125 X 150mm BN kerb bedded on 25mm bed of
1:3 cement: sand mortar 1:3 cement: sand mortar with 2mm spacing
with 2mm spacing between kerbs (recommend use of spacers).
between kerbs
20mm upstand at
(recommend use of E
E
tll vehicular crossings Min. 3mm Max. 6mm at
spacers).
~ ---dropped pedestrian crossings
~
NOTE
Where goo z
directional changes <( z
are required PCC
Internal / External
~ ea ea
Angles must be
I- 0::: I!)
provided (BN IA or
C/)UJ ('\I
BNXA). Cut kerbs UJ ~ ~
will not be accepted. 0 O ><
Wwa
a_ a_
I!)
All New kerb foundations: UJ a_ ~
NB. K170 HAPAS approved tack coat to
be applied to horizontal face of kerb
foundation and back of kerb to aid
- 375mm x 150mm in straight alignments. zow
0::: a_
_J
- 525mm x 150mm on curves of 50m radii or less.
binding of wearing course.
Backing concrete for new kerbs:
LJ_
LJ_
>­
0
l-
VEHICULAR AND o
- 225mm from back of kerb in straight alignments
PEDESTRIAN INLINE - 375mm from back of kerb on curves of 50m radii or less.
DROPPED KERB Both foundation and backing concrete to be shuttered and constructed
in ST4 with a minimum slump of 50mm and poker vibrated, concrete
TYPE 255 X 125 BN foundations and haunch.
1worcestershire NOTTO SCALE 2020 REVISIONS © Crown copyright. All rights reserved.
County Hall Worcestershire County Council 100015914
Spetchley Road For reference purposes only.
Worcester wee 2020 400 oa No further copies may be made.
WR52NP
Worcestershire
You can contactLocal
us in Transport
the following
Planways:
3

For further information please contact:

By telephone:
01905 765765
By post:
Worcestershire County Council, County Hall, Spetchley Road, Worcester WR5 2NP
By email:
[email protected]
Online:
www.worcestershire.gov.uk

This document can be made available in other formats (large print, audio tape, computer disk and Braille) on request
from the Worcestershire Hub using the contact details above.

Worcestershire Local Transport Plan 3

54547 07/10

To the best of our knowledge all information was correct at the time of printing: June 2020

Find out more online:

www.worcestershire.gov.uk
www. worcestershire.gov