INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION (LEA 2)

Security is a state or condition of being secured; there is freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss,
destruction or damages. Basically, it is the action of man against man that led to many unsecured and
unsafe conditions. Reasons could be economic, revenge, or just plain greed and avarice. Whatever the
motives, the civilized man needs adequate protection. Generally, the meaning of security is a kind of
state where people, institution, authority or groups feel fully secured of feeling, free from any threat or
vulnerability from somewhere or someone in his/her life, liberty, property or activity. It could be in
physical, psychological, social or economic form. -It is a state or quality of being secured, freedom from
fear or danger, assurance, certainty. -It is the degree of protection against danger, loss, and criminals. -
Protection against any type of crime to safeguard life and assets by various methods and device.

TYPES OF SECURITY MEASURES FOR AN EFFECTIVE DEFENSE AGAINST CRIMES

1. ACTIVE MEASURES – these involve the installation of physical barriers, security lighting, use of
vaults, locks and others
2. PASSIVE MEASURES – those that will deter man from committing such act of fear of being
caught, charge in court or get dismissed, such as: security education, programs, investigations,
seminars, personnel security check.

Brief History of Security in the Philippines

- The private security business began on March 11, 1933, when the first formally licensed private
security agency “Special Watchman Agency” started operations.
- Later it renamed “Jimenez Security Agency”, founded by brothers Juan and Pedro Jimenez.
- On May 30 1958, the Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective Agency Operators
(PADPAO) was formally organized.
-RA 5487 was passed on June 13, 1969 through the continuous lobbying of the incorporators and
officers of PADPAO, which sets the standards and minimum requirements for the operations of
security agencies.
- P.D. 11 was passed on October 3, 1972, widening the coverage of RA 5487 to include security
guards employed in logging concessions, agricultural, mining and pasture lands;
- P.D. 100 was issued on January 17, 1973, broadening the coverage of the security industry to
include employees of the national or local government or any agency who are employed to
watch or secure government building and properties.
- On August 1969, the Philippine Constabulary activated the Security and Investigation
Supervisory office or SIASO to supervise and control the organization and operation of private
security and detective agencies nationwide.
- Later it was renamed Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation
Agencies or PCSUSIA.
- With the passage of RA 6975, this unit was absorbed by the Philippine National Police.
-Later, it was made into a division of the PNP Civil Security Group and was renamed Security
Agencies and Guard Supervision Division (SAGSD).
- It was renamed to PNP Supervisory Office for Security Investigation Agency (SOSIA).
Since security in general is very hard to comprehend, it can be divided into three major
areas:

1. Physical Security - this concern with the physical measures adopted to prevent unauthorized
access to equipment, facilities, material and document and to safeguard them against
espionage, sabotage, damage, loss and theft.

2. Personnel Security- this is as important as physical security. Personnel security starts even
before the hiring of an employee and remains to be maintained for as long as the person is
employed. Its purpose is to ensure that a firm hires those best suited to assist the firm in
achieving its goals and objectives and once hired assists in providing necessary security to
the work force while carrying out their functions.

3. Document and Information Security- this involves the protection of documents and
classified papers from loss, access by unauthorized persons, damage, theft and compromise
through disclosure. Classified documents need special handling. Lack of indoctrination and
orientation among the personal handling them can result in the leakage, loss, theft and
unauthorized disclosure of the documents.

The aspects of protective security can be seen with the application of the
following:

1. Industrial Security – a type of security applied to business groups engaged in industries

like manufacturing, assembling, research and development, processing, warehousing
and even agriculture. It may also mean the business of providing security.

2. Hotel Security - a type of security applied to hotels where its properties are protected
from pilferage, loss, damage and the function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed
and troubled by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security employs house
detectives, uniformed guard and supervisor and ensures that hotel guests and their
personal effects are safeguarded.

3. Bank security - this type of security is concerned with bank operations. Its main
objective is the protection of bank cash and assets, its personnel and clientele. Security
personnel are trained to safeguard bank and assets while in storage, in transit and
during transactions.

4. VIP Security - a type of security applied for the protection of top-ranking officials of the
government or private entity, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign
dignitaries.

5. School Security - a type of security that is concern with the protection of students,
faculty members, and school properties. Security personnel are trained to protect the
 school property from theft, vandals, handling campus riots and detecting the use of
intoxicated drugs and alcohol by the students.

6. Supermarket or Mall Security - a type of security which is concerned with the protection
of the stores, warehouses, storage, its immediate premises and properties as well as the
supermarket personnel and customers. Security personnel are trained to detect
“shoplifter”, robbery, and bomb detection and customer relation

PHYSICAL SECURITY

Definition: Physical security measures are being used to define, protect, and monitor property rights and
assets. These measures consist of barriers and devices that would detect, impede, and prevent
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, material and document and to safeguard them against
espionage, sabotage, damage and theft.

What is a Barrier?

A barrier can be defined as any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring, delaying,
illegal access to an installation.

Generally, a barrier is used for the following purposes:

1. Define the physical limits of an area.

2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry.
3. Prevent penetration therein or delay intrusion, thus, facilitating apprehension of intruders.
4. Assist in more efficient and economical employment of guards
5. Facilitate and improve the control and vehicular traffic.

Types of Barriers

1. Natural barriers - it includes bodies of waters, mountains, marshes, ravines, deserts or other
terrain that are difficult to traverse.
2. Structural barriers - these are features constructed by man regardless of their original intent
that tends to delay the intruder. Examples are walls, doors, windows, locks, fences, safe, cabinets
or containers etc.
3. Human barriers - persons being used in providing a guarding system or by the nature of their
employment and location, fulfill security functions. Examples are guards, office personnel, shop
workers, etc.
4. Animal barriers - animals are used in partially providing a guarding system. Dogs are usually
trained and utilized to serve as guard dogs. German shepherds are best suited for security
functions. Goose and turkeys could also be included.
5. Energy barriers - it is the employment of mechanical, electrical, electronic energy imposes a
deterrent to entry by the potential intruder or to provide warning to guard personnel. These are
protective lighting, alarm system and any electronic devices used as barriers.
Three Line of Physical Defense

1. First line of Defense- perimeter fences/ barriers

2. Second line of defense- doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs and grills and other entries to the
buildings

3. Third line of defense- storage system like steel cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files

Principles of Physical Security

1. The type of access necessary will depend upon a number of variable factors and therefore may be
achieved in a number of ways.

2. There is no impenetrable barrier

3. Defense-in depth is barriers after barriers

4. Delay is provided against surreptitious and non-surreptitious entry.

5. Each installation is different.

What is Perimeter Security?

It is the protection of the installation’s inner and the immediate vicinity. The main purpose of perimeter
barrier is to deny or impede access or exit of unauthorized person. Basically, it is the first line of defense
of an installation. This may be in the form of fences, building walls or even bodies of water.

The function and location of the facility itself usually determine the perimeter of the installation. If the
facility is located in a city whereby the facility is located in a city whereby the building or enterprise
occupies all the area where it is located, the perimeter may be the walls of the building itself. Most of
the Industrial companies, however, are required to have a wide space for warehousing, manufacturing
etc.

Types of Perimeter Barrier

Perimeter barriers includes fences, walls, bodies of water

Types of Fences
Solid fence -constructed in such a way that visual access through the fence is denied. Its advantage is
that it denies the opportunity for the intruder to become familiar with the personnel, activities and the
time scheduled of the movements of the guards in the installation. On the other hand, it prevents the
guards from observing the area around the installation and it creates shadow that may be used by the
intruder for cover and concealment.
Full-view fence - it is constructed in such a way that visual access is permitted through the fence. Its
advantages are that it allows the roving patrols and stationary guard to keep the surrounding are of the
installation under observation. On the other hand, it allows the intruder to become familiar with the
movements and time schedule of the guard patrols thereby allowing him to pick the time that is
advantageous on his part

Types of Full-View Fences

1. Chain link fence
▪ It must be constructed of 7 feet material excluding top guard.
▪ It must be of 9 gauges or heavier.
▪ The mesh openings are not to be larger than 2 inches per side.
▪ It should be twisted and barbed selvage at top and bottom
▪ It must be securely fastened to rigid metal or reinforced concrete.
▪ It must reach within 2 inches of hard ground or paving.
▪ On soft ground, it must reach below surface deep enough to compensate for shifting soil or
sand.

2. Barbed wire fence

▪ Standard barbed wire is twisted, doublestrand, 12-gauge wire with 4-point barbs spaces in an
equal distance apart.
▪ Barbed wire fencing should not be less than 7 feet high excluding top guard.
▪ Barbed wire fencing must be firmly affixed to posts not more than 6 feet apart.
As a standard, the distance between strands must not exceed 6 inches at least one wire will be
interlaced vertically and midway between posts.

3. Concertina wire fence

▪ Standard concertina barbed wire is commercially manufactured wire coil of high strength steel
barbed wire clipped together at intervals to form a cylinder.
▪ Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet in diameter

Clear Zones - an obstructed area or a “clear zone” should be maintained on both sides of the
perimeter barrier. A clear zone of 20 feet or more is desirable between the barriers and exterior
structures and natural covers that may provide concealment for assistance to a person seeking
unauthorized entry