Difference Between Recursion and Iteration
Recursion Iteration
1. Function calls itself. 1. A set of instructions repeatedly
2. Size of code is smaller than executed.
iteration. 2. Size of code is larger than
3. It takes more time for recursion.
execution 3. It takes less time for execution
File handling
File Operations:
1. File Input(Reading from file)
2. File Output(Writing to the file)
Types of File:
1. Text or Character File
2. Binary File
Difference between Text and Binary File
Text File Binary File
1. It stores characters as per specific 1. It stores data in machine
character encoding scheme. readable form.
In case of Java Unicode.
Standard input/Output Process:
Keyboard Program Monitor
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File Input Process
File File I/P Stream Program Standard O/P Stream Monitor
File Output Process
Keyboard Standard I/P Stream Program File O/P Stream File
Buffer:- A buffer is a temporary storage used to hold data.
Input Buffer: An input buffer is used for reading a large chunk of
data from a stream. The buffer is then accessed as needed and,
when emptied, another chunk of data is read from the stream into
the buffer.
Output Buffer:-An output buffer is used to store up data to be
written to a stream. Once the buffer is full, the data is sent to the
stream all at once and the buffer is emptied to receive more data.
Name the stream class to perform following operations:
Text File
1. To write on text file(File Output) - FileWriter Class
2. To read from text file(File Input) - FileReader Class
Binary Files:
1. To write on text file(File Output) - FileOutputStream Class
2. To read from text file(File Input) - FileInputStream Class
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Program to write on Text File
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
class textout
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws IOException
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("Students.txt");
BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter(fw);
PrintWriter pout=new PrintWriter(bw);
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
System.out.println("Enter name");
String name =sc.nextLine();
pout.println(name);
}
pout.close();
}
}
Program to read from Text File
import java.io.*;
class textin
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws IOException
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public static void main(String arg[])throws IOException
{
FileReader fr=new FileReader("Students.txt");
BufferedReader br= new BufferedReader(fr);
String name;
while((name=br.readLine())!=null)
{
System.out.println(name);
}
br.close();
}
}
Program to write on Binary File
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
class binout
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws IOException
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
int rno;
double marks;
FileOutputStream fout=new FileOutputStream("Marks.dat");
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(fout);
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
System.out.println("Enter roll number");
rno=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter marks");
marks=sc.nextDouble();
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marks=sc.nextDouble();
dout.writeInt(rno);
dout.writeDouble(marks);
}
dout.close();
fout.close();
}
}
Program to read from Binary File
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
class binInp
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws IOException
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
FileInputStream fr=new FileInputStream("Marks.dat");
DataInputStream dr=new DataInputStream(fr);
boolean eof=false;
while(!eof)
{
try
{
int rno;
double marks;
rno=dr.readInt();
marks=dr.readDouble();
System.out.println("Roll Number="+rno);
System.out.println("Mark="+marks);
}
catch(EOFException e1)
{
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{
System.out.println("end of file");
eof=true;
}
}
}
}
A binary file named "Invoice.dat" contains the product code(pc), unit
price(up) and quantity (q) for number of items. Write a method to
accept a product code 'p' and check the availability of the product and
display with an appropriate message. The Method declaration is as
follows.
void findProduct(int p)
Ans:
void findProduct(int p)
{
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
FileInputStream fr=new FileInputStream("Invoice.dat");
DataInputStream dr=new DataInputStream(fr);
boolean eof=false;
int f=0;
while(!eof)
{
try
{
int pc;
double up;
int q;
pc=dr.readInt();
up=dr.readDouble();
q=dr.readInt();
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q=dr.readInt();
if(p==pc && q>0)
{
System.out.println("Available quantity product="+q);
f=1;
break;
}
catch(EOFException e1)
{
System.out.println("end of file");
eof=true;
}
}
if(f==0)
System.out.println("Item is not available");
}
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