DIPLOMA IN GENERAL
NURSING
NUR 211
INTRODUCTION: SURGICAL NURSING-1
AN OVERVIEW
Learning Outcome
• To enhance your understanding of how to apply
critical thinking and clinical reasoning to the
nursing process, particularly in the care of adults
admitted for elective surgery, emergency surgery,
surgical procedures, and acute medical conditions.
Learning Objectives for the Course-NUR 211
At the end of this Course students can:
1. Develop competence in nursing actions using
pathophysiological knowledge to provide medical and
surgical nursing to patients.
2. Use clinical judgement to make care plans for patients
and effectively communicating among yourselves to
ensure care is delivered to patients.
Cont..
3. Apply medical-surgical nursing principles for safe
clinical practice application and minimizing the
postoperative complications.
4. Use the evidence-based discharge education for
patients who are discharged from a health facility.
Critical Thinking and Reasoning
• Critical thinking involves analysis and evaluating
information to make informed decisions.
• Critical reasoning: the process by which nurses
collect information, come to an understanding of
patients' problem, plan and implement
interventions, evaluate outcomes and reflect on
and learn from the process.
Applying Critical Thinking and Nursing
Process
• Nursing process is a • Diagnosis
framework for clinical • Planning
practice. It comprises the
following: • Implementing
• Assessment • Evaluating
We can use the acronym ADPIE to memorize this process.
Cont..
• Assessment: Systematically collect patients’ data.
• Diagnosis: Analyze assessment data to determine
diagnosis or issues. Critical thinking helps in identifying
accurate nursing diagnosis.
• Nursing diagnosis: Clinical judgement about patients
respond.
cont..
Planning:
Prioritizing: is when prioritizing the actions that will be taken
to address the problem (diagnosis).
Setting goals: Create goals that are short term and long term,
specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time bound.
Intervention: develop a patient-centered care approach and is
an evidence-based.
Cont..
Implementation:
Action: perform planned interventions.
Delegation: assigned tasks appropriately so nursing
interventions in the plan is performed.
Documentation: Record interventions to patient and
responses from patients.
Cont..
Evaluation:
• Determines if goals met and outcomes achieved
• Time you can reflect on the effectiveness of
interventions and adjust care plans as necessary.
Clinical Pudgement and care Planning
Interpreting data using clinical judgement:
• Data Interpretation: analyze clinical data to make
informed decisions about patient care.
• Clinical judgement: apply knowledge and
experiences to make sound decision
Effective communication In Clinical Practice
ISBAR:
Below is the ISBAR communication strategy
• Introduction: identify self and your role.
• Situation: explain the current situation.
• Background: Provide relevant patient background information.
• Assessment: share your assessment of the patient condition.
• Recommendation: offer recommendation for patient care.
Importance of Communication:
Effective communication ensures coordinated
care, reduces errors and improves patients
outcomes.
• Foster teamwork and collaboration with
healthcare professionals and patients.
Safe Nursing Practice and Perioperative Care
Perioperative Care Has 3 phases:
Preoperative care:
• Is the care that is given in the time before the operation in
which patient’s baseline health is assessed. Baseline
observations, patients condition before surgery, etc is observed.
• Patient must also be educated on the type of surgery and the
expected postoperative care that will be provided by nurses.
Cont..
Intraoperative Care:
• Is the care provided during the time of surgery. During
that time, the surrounding environment must be sterile
at all times. Patient is being monitored all through the
time of surgery.
• This is when the team work is really needed.
Cont..
• There will be different type of health workers
working together to give a positive outcome of
the patient. E.g. Scrub nurse, scout nurse,
Anesthetic team, doctors.
Cont.…
Postoperative Care:
• It is the care provided after the surgery till patient
recover.
• Patients are monitored for pain so pain management
can be done. Other complications are observed on
patients and also nurses help patient promote early
mobilization to avoid further complications.
Safe Nursing Practices
• Pain Management: assess and manage pain
effectively
• Wound Care: Ensure proper wound care to
prevent infections.
Cont..
• Recognizing and responding to deteriorating
Patients: Early recognition of complications
and prompt interventions are taken.
Conclusion
• Critical thinking and analysis improve the accuracy of
diagnosis, enhance patient safety, and enable nurses to
deliver individualized evidence-based care.
• Clinical judgement and safe nursing practices help
prevent errors, enhancing patient outcomes, and ensure
high quality care in medical-surgical and perioperative
areas of nursing.
