POLITICS
What is politics:
1. The Politics is art of society keeping it together
2. The Politics is disagreement to people for making society/community
better
3. The Politics is reflect your desires/opinion
4. The Politics is the statu quo defending
5. The Politics is art of the govern society
Political Science Disciplines:
1. Political though
2. Political structures
3. Political makers
4. Managing
Politics In Acient:
1. “Affairs of the polis”
2. It is Ancient Greek City-State
3. They have own governing bodies law
4. They do not depend on any other larger state.
5. If we talk about The State politically it is unique state. However, if we
talk about The Ancient State politically, legally, economically, socially
and religiously it is unified.
Early Policy in Ancient City that governed by some sourt of direct
democracy:
Population
There are two governing bodies:
ECCLESIA:
1. It is civil duty and that reach out our pottential
2. General assembly-that means twice or once every month
3. Huge buildings
4. Discuss the ıssue and every citizen can join
BOULE:
1. It is actually administrative body which deals with daily activities affair
os the cities
2. Lottory system
3. Every citizen is both capable of ruling and to be ruled
4. Equal in political capacity
How politics in Ancient Greece before the modern world?
It is sorititon, disparaged and deliberative poll
Politics in “Polis” not an activity that is carried by politicians but every citizen
LUKE’S DIMENSION OF POWER:
1. The One Dimensional View of Power: Power is ability to get someone to
do what you want. Here power is active in direct, and observable
conflicts. Focus on behavior people deploy in decision-making.
2. Second one: consider how those with power supress conflict
3. Third one: consider the ability to avoid conflict. This power shape the
preferences/choices and perceptions. These aspects of power “ideology”
“false unfair” and “manipulation” are the most power that shaping
preferences
POWER: capacity to influence outcomes
AUTHORITY: the right to rule
LEGITIMACY: A legitimate system of government is one based on
authority. The idea that ruler has authority, has right to rule and give
order.The state have legitimate power.
WEBER’S THEORY OF LEGITIMACY:
1. Traditional: the legitimacy of rler comes from customs and traditional of
countr. We usually see in monarchies and Otoman Empire. They have
rule order to under their family.
2. Charismatic: That is source of the lecitimacy related to the characeristics
of individual. People belief’s trust on this individual. Such as, Gandi in
India and Atatürk.
3. Legal Rational: The legitimacy of the ruler does not come from tradition.
This comes from procedure norms and mechanism that is used to select
determine the ruler. Such as, Modern Democracy State.
RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY TOWARDS POLITICS:
1. Core Idea: According to theory, individuals are rational role who make
decisions with costs and benefits to maximize their personal advantage.It
analyzes voting behavior, political participations, public policy,
Collective action…but critics argue that despite politics continuous to
defined own functions, that oversimplify human behavior by ignoring
emotions, social norms, and complex political Dynamics.
INSTITUTIONALISM:
1. We have to look at interaction of instutitionalism.
2. Institutionalism shapes individual behavior by effecting the cost and
benefit.
3. Institutionalism provides stability and predictibility.
4. Rahter or not power of state
5. There are strong party organisations.
OLD INSTITUTIONALISM:
1. Formal rule, prosedures and organisations of the government
NEW INSTITUTIONALISM:
1. Formal or informal sets of rules
STRUCTURALISM:
1. Emphasize structure in explaining political events and process
2. Structuralism refers deep and broad phonomena within which institutions
and groups interaction each other.
MODERN STATE (16th-18th century in Europe):
1. The Dominant Political Organisations
2. Different from ancient city states and pre kingdoms and empires
3. Have highly decentralize and personalitize structure
PREVIOUS FORM OF GOVERNMENT DIFFERENT FROM
MODERN STATE BECAUSE OF:
1. Highly decentralize and personal ruling authority
2. Highly centralized administrative bureaucracy
3. Absence of fixed Territorial boundaries
4. The contol over Territory was not absolute or complete
5. State defined strictly territories
MAX WEBER DEFINITION:
1. The monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within given the
territory
2. Legitimacy, Territory, Cercive Power, Bureaucracy
3. Define state as the legal and political entitiy with: Territory, Population
(occur of citizens), Sovereignity ( requires of power and legitimacy),
Legitimacy
TWO SWORD DOCTRINE (İKİ KILIÇ KURAMI):
1. God gave two sense of swords to the Earth (ın Wester Europe and
Medieval Europe)
2. In this understand the source of legitimacy comes from different:
Initially, Sovereignity is used to expand the authority of the absolute
monarch against Catholic Church and Feudal Lords. (Jean Bodin and
Thomas Hobbes)
17-18th CENTURY SOVEREIGNITY:
1. National Sovereignity
2. In the modern state’s sovereignity comes from themselves
3. Historical backgrounds of modern state has two point. First one is
war making for transationing to modern state. Second one,
westphalia treaty and emergency.
4. War making one of the most important activities of the state with
resource abstraction and centralized bureucracy
THE STATE:
1.
