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Denovo Salvage

The document outlines the two main pathways for nucleotide synthesis: the de novo and salvage pathways. The de novo pathway synthesizes purine and pyrimidine nucleotides from basic molecules and requires more energy, while the salvage pathway recycles existing nucleotides with less energy expenditure. Both pathways involve housekeeping enzymes that are present at low levels in all cells.

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51 views5 pages

Denovo Salvage

The document outlines the two main pathways for nucleotide synthesis: the de novo and salvage pathways. The de novo pathway synthesizes purine and pyrimidine nucleotides from basic molecules and requires more energy, while the salvage pathway recycles existing nucleotides with less energy expenditure. Both pathways involve housekeeping enzymes that are present at low levels in all cells.

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SARTAJ
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© © All Rights Reserved
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De no vo and Salvage pathway of nucleotide synthesis

There are two principal routes for the synthesis of nucleotides: the novo and the salvage
pathways. Using 5-phosphoribosyl-1 -pyrophosphate (PRPP), the de novo pathway enzymes
build purine and pyrimidine nucleotides from "scratch" using simple molecules such as C02,
amino acids and tetrahydrofolate. This route of nucleotide synthesis has a high requirement
for energy as compared that of the salvage pathway. For example, five of the 12 steps of de
novo puine synthesis require hydrolysis of ATP or GTP but only one salvage cycle reaction
uses ATP. The enzymes of both of these biosynthetic routes are classified as "housekeeping"
enzymes because they perform basic, cellular activities and are ass umed to be present in low.
constitutive levels in all cells.
Purine biosynthesis de novo pathway
Aibose-5-phosphate
ATP
AMP

Sphosphoriboyl yroçhosphate
Glutamine
Gutamate
HP,O,
S-phosphoritbosy amine pyrophosphate
ATPglycine -Glutamine +ATP
ADP Glutamate + ADP
Aspartate + ATP
ADP
Fumarate

GTPaspartate Inosinic acid


GDP

Adenylosuccinate Xanthyllc acid


Glutamine + ATP
Fumarate Glutamate + AMP
Adenylic acid Guanylic acid
GMP AMP
nucleotidases IMPderulate deaminase
Guanosi ne Inosine4 N Adenosi ne
adenosine deaminase
nucleoside
phosphory lases

Guani ne
HN Hupoxanthi ne

NH, xanthine ox1dase


"H02
Yanthine odace
H H -0

Xenthine Hz02 Urate

De novo pathway pyrimidine biosynthesis


P
CPS ATCase
HCO, + Glutamine +2 ATP + H,0
s CH,
-N-H
Ghatam
2 ADP P Carbamoyt

sCH, Carbamoyl-Asp
H,NC-H

H
UMP
Aspartate
Dibydroorotase OH
Co,
OMP decarboxylase
H.

0 Orotate phospho H H
ribosyltransferase DHO dehydrogenase

P-CH, =0
PP -PRPP Coenzyme Coenzyme C=0
H QH, H 0
OH OH Orotate (a pyrimidine) Dilydroorotate (DHO)

Orotidine-$'-Monophouplhate (OMP)

Salvage pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis


Purine Biosynthesis
NN
-0-H, -0-CH, P-0-CH, H Mathony
-0-H,c Hfot

Mgi
--0 ATP ADP.P H MFormyitraraforaseo NH
PRPP
Synithase RsP)
-ibe pha SPhospho bosylamine
pyrophosphate (PRPP) iboeykSohasphate Formylglyoinamide
ribosy

COO ABP ATP, Mg


HO Ring cloure
CH
HC
IK Syease WCatorjae H,N H

Furmarate R-5-(P)
hoeohos phate carborylate ribosytsphosphate ribosy-5-phosphate
v

H.ae
H,N

Foyitrnster Arngcosre
HN
AMP Cyoohyauase
Aminoimidazole carboxamide Fornimidoimidarole carboamide eoaioe mgnoghosphate (MP)
ribosy-6phosphate ribosyl

ww.BiochemDencom

age pathway of purine biosynthesis

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