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CESC-Module-4 - for CESC
Community Engagement Solidarity and Citizenship (University of the Visayas)
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SHS
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT,
SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
First Quarter – Module 4:
TYPOLOGIES OF COMMUNITIES
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Community Engagement, Solidarity an Citizenship
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Typologies of Communities
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad
Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Ma. Liezl L. Eva
Reviewers: Ariel D. Dreu
Editor: Divina M. Diaz, Ph.D.
Fatima D. Doma
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: John Paul D. Figueras
ii
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TITLE/ INTRODUCTION
Nice seeing you again! Welcome to the fourth module!
Thanks to you! I was able to know about the functions of my
community - its dynamics, structure, and process. That’ll be a big help
for me to truly discern if this is really my calling. But after knowing that
communities have different typologies, I am wondering if you would like
to go on a travel with me.
Let’s have a trip on learning about the typologies of community.
Pack in your bags and let’s go!
To get to know our community better, let us know first our targets!
OBJECTIVES
(Differentiate the Typologies of Communities) (HUMSS_CSC12IIIa-c-6)
In this module you will learn about how to:
1. distinguish between formal and informal types of communities;
2. make a community map of a rural and urban community; and
3. explain local and global communities and their relationship.
VOCABULARY LIST
Let us have first vocabulary list and pre-test for this module. Make
use of a separate sheet of paper in answering the pre-test.
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Formal Community- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the
relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
Global Community- characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and
groups away from each other in time or space or both.
Informal Community- seen to typically operate through socio-cultural mechanisms within
the community structures.
Local Community- characterized by close social integration and physical proximity.
Moreover, it is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment and conditions
such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and risks.
Rural Community- characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located along the periphery
of urban centers or in the countryside.
Typology- a classification according to general type. In this module, this refers to the types
of community.
Urban Community- described as industrialized and commercial centers where population
density is relatively high compared to rural communities.
PRE-TEST
Direction. Carefully read and analyze each question. Choose the correct answer from the
given options. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A group where the flow of communication is restricted.
a. formal community
b. informal community
c. rural community
d. urban community
2. Each area typically specializes in a particular form of livelihood, such as farming.
a. formal community
b. informal community
c. rural community
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d. urban community
3. A group sharing the same environment and conditions.
a. social spaces
b. sectors of community
c. local community
d. global community
4. This sector of community includes newspapers, magazines and other available
materials that can be glanced from the internet.
a. human services
b. media
c. culture
d. sports and recreation
5. A sector of community that includes musicians, dancers, writers, actors, among
others.
a. human services
b. media
c. culture
d. sports and recreation
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
Hi there! Are you done packing your bags? Let me first share
to you the things I researched about Formal-Informal as one
of the categories of community.
Let’s Read!
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TOPIC 1: Formal and Informal Communities
The table below details the differences between formal and informal community. An
example of a formal community is a business firm, where people are assigned positions
based on their job descriptions and functions. One example of an informal organization is a
group of jogging enthusiasts who meet once a week at the city park.
Formal Informal
The group is created as per official The group is formed according to the likes,
authority, fulfill certain goals or interests, and attitudes of the members
objectives
The group possesses a systematic The group has a loose structure, and the
hierarchical structure members join to satisfy their social needs
The position of the member defines Every member is important as any other
his/her importance in the group member
There is professional relationship There is a personal relationship among
among members members
The flow of communication is restricted The flow of communication stretches in all
due to the chain of command directions
Social Space is defined as a physical or virtual space which members of the community
visit or where they stay. Some examples of social space include the social center, online
social media, or other gathering spaces where people gather or interact.
Some social spaces are owned by the government, such as town squares, parks, and
beaches. These are spaces generally open and accessible to people. Private social spaces,
on the other hand, are owned and regulated regularly, such as shopping malls. These social
spaces may be used by community residents for their gatherings or simple recreation
activities.
Now that you know about the Formal-Informal Community typology,
let’s roam around our locality and identify whether certain communities
are classified as formal or informal and the type of social space they
are occupying.
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Task 1. Got to know the existing Leadership/ Power Relation!
Can you give me the existing power relation and social space of the following community?
Write FC- if it is a formal community and IFC-for informal community. Make sure also to
identify if it is occupying a public space or private space by writing your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Community Formal Social Space-
Community/ Public/Private
Informal Space
Community
1.
Source: Hulett, Matthew. “Philippine Army EOD,” Fort
Magsaysay, Philippines, Posted at dvidshub on May
1, 2014.
https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1305565/philippine-
army-eod
2.
Source: Baiocchi, Stephanie. “The 7 Best Facebook
Groups for Inbound Marketers,” Impact, March 8,
2019
https://www.impactbnd.com/blog/best-facebook-
groups-for-inbound-marketers
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3.
Source: Pelletiere, Nicole. “Philippines Crushes World
Record for Largest Zumba Class Ever to Dance.”ABC
News, July 27, 2015.
https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/philippines-
crushes-world-record-largest-zumba-class-
dance/story?id=32667050
4.
Source: Briones, Paul. “ Alberta Filipino Journal Finds
Its New Sanctuary At The Misericordia Hospital.”
Alberta Filipino Journal, December 15, 2017.
http://www.albertafilipinojournal.com/2017/12/alberta-
filipino-journal-finds-its-new-sanctuary-at-the-
misericordia-hospital/
Great! You have identified formal and informal communities
and the social spaces they are occupying. The second
category of community is according to location. All of
communities maybe located to rural or urban community.
Before we compare the two communities, let’s read first!
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Let’s Read!
TOPIC 2: Rural-Urban Communities
Communities may be located in either rural or urban areas. These areas have distinct
characteristics.
The following are the three general characteristics of rural areas:
a. Population density is found to be low, meaning few people populate the entire
community, and they tend to live far apart from each other.
b. The area is situated geographically distant from larger urban areas.
c. Each area typically specializes in a particular form of livelihood, such as farming.
Characteristics of urban areas are as follows:
a. There is higher population density, with more diverse subgroups (ethnic, racial
cultural, age, sexual orientation)
b. Various industries and businesses are found in the areas.
c. A large portion of people lived in rented apartments or homes.
d. Transportation is readily available although this may be costly
e. Urban areas are highly developed with many buildings and structures
f. Traffic and noise levels are high in these areas
g. The large population gives rise to close interactions among many people
as well as more intense political involvement among citizens.
There are also various sectors in different communities. Community sectors are
various groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on characteristics
such as political, economic, cultural, and religious beliefs. The various sectors that exist in
all communities may be categorized according to the following sectors with their inclusions:
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1. Health
-medical and mental health professionals; pharmacists and pharmacies; hospitals and
other in-patient facilities, clinics, non-traditional health practitioners; public health
agencies and systems
2. Education
- public and private preschools, K-12 schools, colleges and universities, school
committees, school administrators, teachers, other educational institution employees;
parents, students, state board of education; adult basic education (ABE) and English as
Second or Other Language (ESOL) programs
3. Law Enforcement
-the local and state police, the court system- judges, probation officers, prosecutors, court-
appointed defense lawyers, court-mandated program for offenders.
4. Government
- regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal government bureaucracies, agencies, and
officials, both elected and appointed.
5. Business
- from the self-employed carpenter to the multinational corporation with a local facility.
6. Youth
- youth themselves (generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and those who work directly
with them (youth violence prevention and outreach programs, Big Brother/Big Sister,
Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs, scouting, etc.) parents, human service, culture, and
sports/recreation sectors.
7. The Media
- newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, vast array of blogs, videos, online news, and
other materials available on the internet.
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8. Human Services
- non-profit professional and volunteer organizations that provide free and affordable
services such as job training, food, shelter, elder services, services for individuals with
physical or mental disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants, among others.
9. Religion
- places of worship and their members, religious organizations (e.g. Knights of Columbus,
CBCP) of all faiths, may include the hierarchy of a national church as well (a Roman
Catholic archbishop, for instance)
10. Service/Fraternal Organization
- the Lions, Masons, Rotary, Kiwanis, and other local and national or international service
organizations, college fraternities/sororities or other local and national social clubs, as well
veterans’ organizations and the like.
11. Community Activist Volunteer Groups
- individuals for or against political issue, supportive of existing institutions (“Friends of” the
local park, a school playground volunteer corps), oriented toward economics (groups that
volunteer to help non-profit and small business owners with financial and business plans),
or more generally concerned with the quality of community life (e.g. organizers of
community festivals)
12. Culture
- artists such as musicians, dancers and choreographers, writer, actors and directors,
designers and visual artists, as well as arts organizations, theaters, orchestras, museums,
galleries, and those who work as support staff in the arts- stagehands, cameramen,
electricians, set builders, etc. ; regular consumers and supporters of the arts.
13. Housing Development
- both public and private non-profit housing agencies and organizations that provide rent
subsidies and/or affordable housing, as well as developers who build market-rate and
upscale residential and commercial properties.
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-may include everyone from fair housing advocates to those who own and/ or manage urban
real estate worth millions of pesos.
14. Sports and Recreation
- sports clubs, town or county recreation departments, amateur and professional athletic
associations, public and private sports and recreation facilities, gyms, coaches, personal
trainers, recreation leaders, and camp directors, as well those who participate in these
groups as athletes, spectators, or supporters.
15. The Environment
- individual environmentalists, international, national, and local environmental
organizations, conservation land trusts, recreational hunters and fishermen, rock climbers
and mountaineers, wildlife biologists and botanists, ecologists, hikers, canoers/kayakers,
and other outdoor people, hydrologists (water specialists), those who make a living from a
pristine or carefully-managed environment.
16. Agriculture
- confined to rural areas, may also include dairy farmers, cheesemakers, winemakers and
vineyards, and food processors and packers, including all consumers of the food produced.
So many concepts, don’t they? Let us reminisce first!
When was the last time you have visited a rural and an urban
community? What are the prominent sectors of community present
in that community?
Task 2. A blast from my past visits!
Get ready, Let’s do task 2!
Let us be specific in describing a rural and urban community that you had visited by
illustrating that specific community and by emphasizing in your illustration at least three (3)
prominent sectors that you remembered in your visit. Make use of a symbol e.g. cross at the
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roof of a church refers to Catholic Church. Then, briefly explain the characteristics of each
community and the roles played by each sector in the community that you have drawn.
Rural Community
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________
Urban Community
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Great job! You have compared a rural and urban community by also
explaining how those prominent community sectors have an impact to
those community thru your illustration.
Now, let’s look at our destination and how far our plans will go from
our community to the global setting. After reading, let’s answer task 3.
Let’s Read!
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Topic 3: Local and Global Communities
A local community is characterized by close social integration and physical proximity.
Moreover, a local community is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment
and conditions intent, belief, resources, preferences, and needs and risks. These factors
may affect the identities of the individuals as well as the community’s degree of
cohesiveness.
In addition, a local community may consist of business operators, public agency staff,
residents with interactions that may include sharing of resources, information, and
assistance. Commercial relationships may also be present between local businesses and
consumers.
The global community, on the other hand, is a system characterized by integration
and interaction between individuals and groups away from each other in time or space or
both. The word “global” refers to the nation of the world considered closely connected by
modern telecommunication, though they are economically, socially and politically
independent (Sebastian, 2009, and dictionary.com)
The domains and certain aspects of the local and global communities intertwine.
Establishments, programs, and other events that started in the local setup may eventually
grow to have a global presence, such as the Jollibee fast food chain.
Proposed plans and programs in the local community, when implemented successfully,
may reach the global community, and gain traction there as well such as outreach activities,
programs during calamities etc.
Task 3. What I want to share to the World!
What program do you plan to propose in your local community and in what ways can
you promote this globally? This could be part of our culture, beliefs, innovations, people
etc. These could also be part of practices that we can do as outreach programs or to
eliminate damages from any state of calamity-poverty, natural/typhoons etc. Think of how
the program you are about to propose may benefit people nationally and internationally.
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(This activity is adopted from the same topic of the book entitled Community Engagement,
Solidarity and Citizenship for Senior High School of Ava Ann P. Semorlan, Ph.D. and
Adrian P. Semorlan, MPA, MHSS, Ed. D.)
Use the template in answering the activity. A sample is already written for you.
Local Community Program
Ex. Veggie Indoor Gardening - this is a projected program to be proposed in the
community where the main goal is to promote a healthy lifestyle through planting as well
maintaining vegetable plants in every home.
Benefit to the Local Community Benefit to the Global Community
Promotes healthy lifestyle by Promotes healthy lifestyle by exercising
exercising the body while gardening the body while gardening and consuming
and consuming the veggies they the veggies they grow.
grow. They can make this as a hobby, according
It could be a hobby for the entire to Kim Hayes, AARP on her article about
family. gardening it helps fight dementia and cure
Some could also earn a living by loneliness .
selling vegetables. It shall help in Some could also earn a living by selling
eliminating poverty in our community, vegetables. It shall help in eliminating
making the family work together for poverty in our community.
them to maintain indoor vegetables. Making the family work together for them
Makes the family more self-sufficient to maintain indoor vegetables.
especially during trying times. * Makes the family more self-sufficient
especially during trying times
Promoting to Global Perspective
Modelling/ behavior and action to start at home and then seeks the help of local
community leaders to do the same.
Submitting a letter/proposal to the local community leaders so that they could
make a resolution for it.
Promotion thru internet, encouraging friends and their social networks to do the
same
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Making others in the global community see the benefits of indoor gardening thru
the help of social media
Well done! You’ve learned of a program that could promote
positive social and go to global communities. Let’s now see
the things that you’ve learned from this module!
POST-TEST
A. Below are statements with jumbled words based on the previous discussion. Try to
remember each concept by looking into the jumbled words. Have fun!
1. __________________ CIASOL PASCE
- a physical or virtual space which members of the community visit or where they stay.
2. ___________________ CONMIMUTY CESTORS
- various groups or subdivisions of the larger community divided based on characteristics
such as political, economic, cultural, and religious beliefs.
3. ___________________ BANUR CONMIMUTY
- described as industrialized and commercial centers where population density is relatively
high.
4. ___________________ ABLGOL CONMIMUTY
- characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and groups away from
each other in time or space or both.
5. ____________________ RALFOM CONMIMUTY
- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies, which define the relationship
between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
B. Read and analyze the statements below. Identify what is described in each sentence.
___________6. This group is composed of members who decided to join the group to satisfy
their social needs.
___________7. These are social spaces owned and regulated regularly.
___________8. This is the community where different businesses and industries are
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involved.
___________ 9. Community sector which includes places of worship and organizations as
part of the beliefs of the people in the community.
___________10. Community sector that includes dairy farmers, cheesemakers,
winemakers, food processors and the likes.
ASSIGNMENT
MY Community Map!
From the lesson we have learned about the different communities. How about your
community, what type of community is it? How will you describe your own community? What
are the prominent community sectors present in it? Express your thoughts by making a
community map. Please be guided with the rubric below and the identified ten out of sixteen
community sectors. This will serve as one of your performance tasks.
Make a community map which would reflect the following elements:
a. Describe your community in a way that you show its location, if it is a rural or urban
community and its characteristics.
b. Out of the sixteen (16) community sectors, choose at least ten (10) prominent sectors
in the community.
c. Give the names of your specific example e.g. If you are living in Magsaysay St.,
Almedras-Cogon, Sorsogon City and you have chosen education as your specific
community sector, give the name of your example such as Sorsogon National High
School.
d. Make use of a symbol e.g. cross at the roof of a church refers to Catholic Church
Rubrics for the Community Map
Category 4 3 2 1
Required The community All required All but 1 of the Several
Elements map includes all elements are required required
required included on elements are elements were
elements as the included on the missing
well as community community map
additional map
information
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Graphics- All graphics are All graphics Several Few graphics
Relevance related to the are related to graphics are are related to
topic and make the topic and related to the the topic.
it easier to most make it topic.
understand easier to
understand
Content - At least 8 5-6 accurate 4-3 accurate Less than 2
Accuracy accurate facts facts are facts are accurate facts
are illustrated illustrated on illustrated on are illustrated
on the the the community on the
community map community map community map
map
Attractiveness The community The The community The community
map is community map is map is
exceptionally map is acceptably distractingly
attractive in attractive in attractive messy or very
terms of design, terms of though it may poorly designed
layout, and design, be a bit messy
neatness layout, and
neatness
Mechanics Capitalization There is 1 There are 2 There are more
and punctuation error in errors in than 2 errors in
are correct capitalization capitalization capitalization
throughout the and and punctuation and punctuation
community map punctuation
Grammar There are no There is one There are two There are more
grammatical grammatical grammatical than two
mistakes on the mistake on mistakes on the grammatical
community map the community map mistakes on the
community community map
map
Source: Shane02, Gyeonggi-Suwon International School “Poster-rubric Ancient
Civilizations.” Published on February 10, 2012 at Slideshare.
https://www.slideshare.net/shane02/posterrubric-ancient-civilizations
Congratulations! You completed Module 4
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ANSWER KEY
Pre-Test
1. a
2. c
3. c
4. b
5. c
Task 1
1. FC/private space
2. IFC/public space
3. IFC/public space
4. FC/private space
Task 2
Illustrations of students may vary depending on the prominent community sectors
present in the rural and urban community that they drew.
Task 3
Answers may vary depending on the program that the learner would like to propose to
the local and global communities. An example is already written in the module.
Post-test
Task A
1. Social Space
2. Community Sectors
3. Urban Community
4. Global Community
5. Formal Community
Task B
6. Informal Community
7. Private social spaces
8. Urban Community
9. Religion
10. Agriculture
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REFERENCES:
1 Semorlan, A.A. and Semorlan, A. Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship for
Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, 2017.
2 Merriam Dictionary. “Meaning of Typology.” Accessed on July 20, 2020.
Accessed June 15, 2020, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/typology
3 Losabia, Kay. “Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship.” Posted on 2018 at
Course Hero.
Accessed June 15, 2020, https://www.coursehero.com/file/32993211/Com-appt/
4 Hulett, Matthew. “Philippine Army EOD,” Fort Magsaysay, Philippines, Posted at dvidshub
on May 1, 2014.
Accessed June 17, 2020, https://www.dvidshub.net/image/1305565/philippine-army-eod
5 Baiocchi, Stephanie. “The 7 Best Facebook Groups for Inbound Marketers,” Impact, March
8, 2019.
Accessed June 17, 2020, https://www.impactbnd.com/blog/best-facebook-groups-for-
inbound-marketers
6 Pelletiere, Nicole. “Philippines Crushes World Record for Largest Zumba Class Ever to
Dance.”ABC News, July 27, 2015.
Accessed June 18, 2020, https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/philippines-crushes-world-record-
largest-zumba-class-dance/story?id=32667050
7 Briones, Paul. “ Alberta Filipino Journal Finds Its New Sanctuary At The Misericordia
Hospital.” Alberta Filipino Journal, December 15, 2017.
Accessed June 22, 2020, http://www.albertafilipinojournal.com/2017/12/alberta-filipino-
journal-finds-its-new-sanctuary-at-the-misericordia-hospital/
8 Shane02, Gyeonggi-Suwon International School “Poster-rubric Ancient Civilizations.”
Published on February 10, 2012 at Slideshare.
Accessed June 25, 2020, https://www.slideshare.net/shane02/posterrubric-ancient-
civilizations
Cover photo credit: Melody D. Legaspi (Rizal Integrated National School, Sorsogon City)
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