Govt High School GUDDEKOPPA

Tirthahalli Tq, Shivamogga Dist

Raghavendra Bhat- 9483810224
KSEAB Science Model paper 2024-25 (Set 1 Solved)

PART-A (PHYSICS)
I. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 2× 1 = 2
1. The centre of a spherical mirror is
(A) centre of curvature (B) pole
(C) radius of curvature (D) aperture
Ans: (B) pole
2. Ohm's law gives the relationship between
(A) potential difference and electric charge (B) potential difference and resistance
(C) electric current and potential difference (D) electric current and electric power
Ans: (C) electric current and potential difference
II. Answer the following questions: 2× 1 = 2
3. Draw the symbol diagram of rheostat/variable resistance used in an electric circuit.
Ans:

4. Write any two properties of magnetic field lines.

Ans: i) Field lines arise from North pole and end into South pole of the magnet.
ii) Field lines are closed curves.
iii) Field lines are closer in stronger magnetic field.
iv) Field lines never intersect each other.
III. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6
5. What is long sightedness (Hypermetropia ) ? Mention the two causes for this defect.
Ans:An eye defect in which a person can see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby
objects distinctly.
Causes: (i) the focal length of the eye lens is too long, or (ii) the eyeball has become too
small.
6. Observe the circuit diagram given below. Answer the questions
given.
i) Mention the direction of magnetic field that forms around at the
points X and Y.
ii) State the rule that helps to decide the direction of magnetic field.
Ans: i) At point ‘X’- downwards/ anticlockwise
At point ‘Y’- upwards/ clockwise
ii) Right-hand thumb rule : Imagine you are holding a current carrying straight
conductor in your right hand such that the thumb is pointing towards the direction of current.
Then the fingers wrapped around the conductor give the direction of magnetic field.
7. 'Connecting electrical appliances in parallel in domestic electric circuits is better.'
Give two reasons for this measure.
Ans: i. The total resistance decreases.
ii. Current through the circuit increases.
iii. When one component fails in the circuit other components are not effected.
IV. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9
8. Draw the ray diagram for the image formation in a convex lens when the object is
placed at 2F1. Mention the position and the nature of the image formed. (F1 Principal
focus of the lens)

Position of image: At 2F2

Nature : Real, inverted and same size.

9. What is dispersion of light ? Explain the formation of rainbow in the nature.

Ans: * The splitting of light into its component colours is called dispersion.
* Rainbow is a natural spectrum appearing in the sky after a rain shower .It is caused by
dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the atmosphere. A rainbow is always
formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun. The water droplets act like small prisms.
They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally, and finally refract it
again when it comes out of the raindrop . Due to the dispersion of light and internal
reflection, different colours reach the observer’s eye.
OR
What is Tyndall effect? The colour of the clear sky is blue. Why? Explain.
Ans: * : The phenomenon of scattering of light by the colloidal particles.
* When sunlight passes through the atmosphere during the day of clear sky, the fine
particles in air scatter the blue colour more strongly. The colour of the scattered light
depends on the size of the scattering particles. Very fine particles scatter mainly blue light
while particles of larger size scatter light of longer wavelengths.
10. Explain an experiment to show that a current carrying conductor experiences a
mechanical force when it is placed in a magnetic field.
Ans: Take a small aluminium rod AB (of about 5 cm). Using two
connecting wires suspend it horizontally from a stand, as shown in Fig.
Place a strong horse-shoe magnet in such a way that the rod lies between
the two poles with the magnetic field directed upwards. Pass current
through the aluminium rod from end B to end A. The rod is displaced
towards the left. Reverse the direction of current flowing through the rod
is displaced towards the right.

V. Answer the following questions: 2x4=8

11. a) State the laws of refraction of light.
Ans: 1st law: The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two
transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
2nd law (Snell’s law) : For any two given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of
incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant.
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑖
Or = constant
sin 𝑟
b) A ray of light travelling in kerosene enters obliquely into water. Does that light ray
bend towards the normal or away from the normal ? Why? (Refractive indices of water
and kerosene are 1.33 and 1.44 respectively)
Ans: Light ray bends away from the normal. Reason: Optical density of kerosene is more
than water. When light ray travels from denser to rarer medium it bends away from the
normal.( velocity of the light increases)
OR
a) State the laws of reflection of light.
Ans: (i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
(ii) The incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray,
all lie in the same plane.
b) Magnification of a mirror is + 1. What does it mean? Mention the type of this
mirror.
Ans: + means – virtual and erect image
1 means same size.
Type of the mirror- plane mirror.
12. An electric heater connected to a 220 V generator draws a current of 10 A. What is
the power of the electric heater ? If it is used for 8 hours a day then calculate the total
cost of using it for 30 days at Rs. 5·00 per 1 kWh.
Ans: V= 220V, I = 10A, P= ?, E = ?
P = VI = 220 x 10 = 2200W = 2.2 kw
Total energy consumed by the electric heater in 30 days would be
2.2 W × 8 hours/day × 30 days = 528 kWh
Thus the cost of energy to operate the refrigerator for 30 days is
= 528 kWh × Rs. 5.00 per kWh = Rs. 2640.

PART – B (CHEMISTRY)
VI. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3 x 1=3
13. The electrolysis of water to form hydrogen and oxygen gases is
(A) an endothermic reaction (B) a displacement reaction
(C) an exothermic reaction (D) a redox reaction
Ans: (A) an endothermic reaction
14. The number of carbon and hydrogen atoms that are present in the molecule of fifth
member of alkene is
(A) five and ten (B) five and twelve (C) six and twelve (D) six and six
Ans: (C) six and twelve
15. The property of carbon atom to form bonds with other carbon atoms, to give rise large
molecules is
(A) Allotrophism (B) Catenation (C) Isomorphism (D) Substitution
Ans: (B) Catenation
VII. Answer the following questions: 3 x 1=3
16. How can rancidity be controlled ?
Ans: i)Keeping food in air tight containers. ii)Adding antioxidants.
iii)Flushing bags of chips with nitrogen.
17. The pH value of an antacid is more than 7. Give reason.
Ans: Its basic in nature and neutralises excess acid produced in the stomach.
18. The conversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid is called oxidation reaction. Why?
Ans: Conversion of ethanol in to ethanoic acid involves addition of oxygen and removal of
hydrogen.
VIII. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6
19. What are structural isomers? Write the structural isomers of butane.
Ans: Carbon compounds with identical molecular formula but different structures are called
structural isomers.
n-butane iso-butane

OR
What are functional groups ? Name the functional group present in propanal and
propanol.
Ans: The atoms which decide the properties of the carbon atoms, are known as Functional
Groups.
* propanal- Aldehyde/ -CHO. * propanol- Alcohol/ -OH
20. How do blue and red litmus papers help to determine the nature of acids and bases?
Ans: * Blue litmus changes to red in acid. * Red litmus changes to blue in base.
21.Write any two differences between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons
have single bond between carbon atoms (C - have double or triple bonds between
C) carbon atoms (C=C, C≡C)
less reactive more reactive
undergoes substitution reacttion undergoes addition reaction
Ex,- Alkanes,cycloalkanes Ex, - alkenes , alkynes

IX. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9

22. Draw the diagram of the arrangement of apparatus to show the action of steam on a
metal. Label the following parts: i) Metal sample ii) Hydrogen gas

23. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
i) Burning of natural gas ii) Reaction of potassium metal with water
iii) Reaction of iron with copper sulphate solution.
Ans: i) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 +2H2O
ii) 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
iii) Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu
OR
What is the type of chemical reaction in which barium chloride solution reacts with
aluminium sulphate solution? Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
Ans: * Double displacement reaction / Precipitation reaction
* 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3
24. You are provided with the substances NaOH, Ca(OH)2, H2 and Cl2 Which of these
materials will be chosen to prepare bleaching powder? Write the chemical name and
the molecular formula of bleaching powder and mention two uses of it.
Ans: * Materials chosen to prepare bleaching powder- Ca(OH)2 and Cl2
* Calcium oxy chloride – CaOCl2
* Uses: (i) for bleaching cotton and linen in the textile industry, for bleaching
wood pulp in paper factories and for bleaching washed clothes in laundry;
(ii) as an oxidising agent in many chemical industries; and
(iii) to make drinking water free from germs.
X. Answer the following questions: 1x4=4
25. a) Explain the extraction of zinc ore from its sulphide ore.
Ans: The sulphide ore is converted into oxides by roasting.
2ZnS + 3O2 → 2 ZnO + 2 SO2
Further when zinc oxide is heated with carbon, it is reduced to metallic zinc.
ZnO + C → Zn + CO
b) Show the formation of sodium chloride molecule by the transfer of electrons.
Ans: Na → Na+ + e- Cl + e- → Cl-
2,8,1 2,8 2,8,7 2,8,8
( sodium cation ) ( chloride anion )

Part – C ( Biology)
XI. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3 x 1=3
26.The type of reproduction during plasmodium is
(A) budding (B) fragmentation
(C) vegetative propagation (D) multiple fission
Ans: (D) multiple fission
Muscle cell
27. Pyruvate X + Energy
(in cytoplasn)
Here X' represents
(A) Oxygen (B) Ethanol (C) Lactic acid (D) Carbon monoxide
Ans: (C) Lactic acid
28. Observe the female reproductive structures given in figure A and
figure B The correct statement related to these figure is
(A) Fertilization of egg is possible in both of the structures
(B) Fertilization of egg is possible only in the structure of figure-B
(C) Fertilization of egg is possible only in the structure of figure-A
(D) Fertilization of egg is not possible in both of the structure
Ans: (C) Fertilization of egg is possible only in the structure of figure-A ( Because in B
fallopian tube is blocked by surgery)
XI. Answer the following questions: 3 x1 = 3
29. Draw the diagram of open stomata.

30. Sexual reproduction leads to more variations. Why ?

Ans: * fusing gametes come from two different and sexually distinct individuals
* formation of gametes involves meiosis.
31. Use of non-biodegradable substances should be minimised. Why?
Ans: * remain inert in the environment. * cause ‘Biological magnification’.
* cause environmental pollution.
XIl. Answer the following questions 2x2=4
32. How is ozone layer formed ? Protection of ozone layer is necessary. Why ? Give
reasons.
Ans: * The higher energy UV radiations split apart some molecular
oxygen (O2) into free oxygen (O) atoms. These atoms then combine with
the molecular oxygen to form ozone.
* Ozone protects the earth's surface from ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
OR
Give an example for a food chain of an aquatic ecosystem. If there is an increase in the
number of organisms in the third trophic level how does this affect on that food chain?
Ans: Algae → small fish → large fish → Bird
* The number of organisms in the second trophic level decreases.
* leads to ecological imbalance.
33. Round seed producing ( RR) pea plant is hybridised with wrinkled seed producing (
rr) pea plant. Mention the results obtained in F2 generation with the help of a checker
board. Write the genotypic ratio of plant types.
Ans: (Round seed) RR and (Wrinkle seed) rr
Gametes R X r
• On cross pollination F1- Rr (all round seeded plants)
Gametes – R , r
F2 R r
R RR Rr
(pure round seed) (impure round seed)
r Rr rr
(impure round seed) (pure wrinkle seed )

Phenotypic ratio: 3:1, (3 round seed, 1 wrinkle seed)

Genotypic ratio: 1:2:1, (1 pure round seed, 2 impure round seed,1 pure wrinkle seed)
XIV. Answer the following questions : 3 x3 =9
34. How is the sex of a child will be determined n the human beings ?
Ans: Woman has a perfect pair of sex chromosomes, both
called X. Man has a normal sized chromosome X and another
short sized chromosome Y. All children will inherit an X
chromosome from mother. Child who inherit an X
chromosome from father will be a girl. Child who inherit an Y
chromosome from father will be a boy.

OR
How do Mendel's experiments show that the parental traits are inherited independently
to the offspring’s of next generation?
Ans: Mendel crossed pea plants having round green seeds (RRyy) with pea plants having
wrinkled yellow seeds (rrYY). The F1 plants will have yellow round seeds because yellow
seed colour and round seeds are dominant. Then this F1 progeny was self-pollinated and the
F2 progeny was found to have yellow round seeds, green round seeds, yellow wrinkled seeds,
and green wrinkled seeds in the ratio of 9:3:3:1. In the above cross, new characters were
shown in the plants of F2 generation, and these are independently inherited.
35. How are phototropism, thigmotropism and chemotropism coordinated in the
apparent movement of creepers (climbing up plants ) towards particular direction ?
Ans: When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, synthesised at the shoot tip,
helps the cells to grow longer. When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin
diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot.i.e. phototropism. When tendrils come in contact
with any support, the part of the tendril in contact with the object does not grow as rapidly as
the part of the tendril away from the object. i.e thigmotropism. The concentration of
chemical substance auxin controls both these tropisms. i.e chemotropism.
OR
What is the role of insulin, estrogen and thyroxine hormones in our body ?
Ans: Insulin – regulates the blood sugar level.
Estrogen – changes associated with puberty in females, regulates menstrual cycle.
Thyroxin - regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

36. What is cross pollination ? What are the changes that occur in flower after
fertilization.
Ans: Cross pollination : transfer of pollen grains from the stamen of the one flower to stigma
another flower.
changes that occur in flower after fertilization.
* Pollen tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style to reach the
ovary. * Fertilisation takes place to produce zygote.
* The zygote divides several times to form an embryo within the ovule.
* The ovule develops a tough coat and is gradually converted into a seed.
* The ovary grows rapidly and ripens to form a fruit.
* The petals, sepals, stamens, style and stigma may shrivel and fall off.
XV. Answer the following question : 1x4 = 4
37. Draw the diagram to show the structure of the human brain. Label the following
parts
i) Cerebrum ii) Cerebellum.

XVI. Answer the following question : 1x5 5

a) Explain the process of digestion in the small intestine of man. Mention the
importance of double circulation in our body.
Ans: The process of digestion in the small intestine of man.
* Bile juice from the liver :Makes the food alkaline and break down fat into smaller globules
and there by increases the efficiency of enzyme.
* Trypsin & lipase are secreted by the pancreas. Trypsin-digests proteins. and lipase-
breaks down emulsified fats.
* Enzymes present in intestinal juice convert the proteins to amino acids, complex
carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
* Digested food is absorbed by the villi present in the walls of intestine.

Importance of double circulation in our body.

(i) it ensure efficient supply of oxygen to the body.
(ii) helpful to supply more energy.
(iii) to maintain body temperature.

b) What are the differences between xylem and phloem tissues?

xylem phloem
transports of water and minerals. transports food.
Water is transported only in upward Food is transported in both upward and
direction. downward directions
occurs with the help of simple physical Transport of food in phloem requires energy
forces such as transpiration pull. in the form of ATP.

SAVE PAPER SAVE TREES

 KSEAB Science Model paper 2024-25 (Set 2 Solved)

PART-A (PHYSICS)
I. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3x1=3
1. One of the properties of concave lens is, it
(A) is thinner at the edges and thicker at the middle (B) diverges the light rays
(C) forms real and inverted image (D) converges light rays
Ans: (B) diverges the light rays

2. The crystalline lens of the eye in old age people sometimes becomes milky and
cloudy. This condition is called
(A) Hypermetropia (C) Presbyopia
(B) Myopia (D) Cataract
Ans: (D) Cataract

3. In Fleming's left hand rule the middle finger indicates the direction of the
(A) current (B) induced current
(C) movement of the conductor (D) magnetic field
Ans: (A) current

II. Answer the following questions: 2x1 = 2

4. If the focal length of a spherical mirror is 25 cm then find its radius of curvature.
Ans: Given, f = 25, R=?
R = 2f = 2x25 = 50 cm

5. Draw the symbol diagram of two electric cells connected in series in an electric
circuit.

III. Answer the following questions: 2x2=4

6. How does our eye accommodate to see the objects at different distances?
Ans: When we are looking at the distant objects ciliary muscles are relaxed, the lens
becomes thin, its focal length increases.
When we are looking at objects closer to the eye, the ciliary muscles contract, the lens
becomes thicker, its focal length decreases.
OR
 Stars appear to be twinkling. Why?
Ans: Stars emit their own light and they twinkle due to the atmospheric refraction of
starlight. The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously
before it reaches the earth. The atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually
changing refractive index.

7. What is a solenoid? How can it be converted into an electromagnet?

Ans: Solenoid : A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in
the shape of a cylinder.
* A strong magnetic field produced inside a solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of
magnetic material, like soft iron, when placed inside the coil.

IV. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9

8. Draw the diagram to show the recombination of the spectrum of white light.

9. State Ohm's law. How are ammeter and voltmeter connected in an electrical circuit?
Why are these instruments have to be connected in an electric circuit?
Ans: * Ohm's law : [ V α I ] The potential difference V across the ends of a given metallic
wire in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through it at constant
temperature.
* Ammeter should be connected in series.
* Voltmeter should be connected in parallel in the circuit.
* Ammeter is used to measure current.
* Voltmeter is used to measure potential difference.

OR

State Joule's law of heating. How is fuse connected in the circuit? How does fuse work
in a circuit?
Ans: Joule's law of heating : H = I2 Rt Heat produced in a resistor is
(i) directly proportional to the square of current for a given resistance,
(ii) directly proportional to resistance for a given current, and
(iii) Directly proportional to the time for which the current flows through
the resistor.
* Fuse connected in series in the circuits.
* If a current larger than the specified value flows through the circuit then the fuse melts and
breaks the circuit.
10. How do you trace the magnetic field lines around a bar magnet using compass
needle ? Magnetic field lines do not intersect each other. Why?
Ans: * Take a small compass and a bar magnet. Place a magnet on a sheet of white paper
fixed on a drawing board. Mark the boundary of the magnet.
* Place the compass near the north pole of the magnet mark the position of two ends of the
needle.
* Now move the needle to a new position such that the south pole occupies the position
previously occupied by its north pole.
* In this way proceed step by step till we reach the south pole of the magnet. Join the points
marked on the paper by a smooth curve. This represents field line.
* Repeating above procedure we can draw as many lines as possible.
The compass needle will not point towards two directions at any point.
OR
What are the causes for overload and short circuit in an electric circuit ? What is the
function of earth wire in domestic circuits ?
Ans: Causes for overload and short circuit
* Accidental hike in the supply voltage
* Connecting too many appliances to a single socket
* When live wire and neutral wire come into direct contact.
Function of earth wire in domestic circuits
Earth wire provides a low-resistance conducting path for the current. Any leakage of
current flows into the earth, and protects the user from severe electric shock.
V. Answer the following question: 1x4=4
11. a) A wire of given material having length ‘l’ and area of cross-section 'A', has a
resistance of 4Ω. What would be the resistance of another wire of the same material
𝒍
having a length and the area of cross- section 2A.
𝟐

b) In an electric circuit, the resistors R₁, R2, and R3, have the values 5 Ω, 10 Ω and 30 Ω
respectively. When these resistors are connected to a battery of 12 V parallely then
calculate the total resistance of this circuit.
Ans: Data:- R1 = 5 Ω, R2 = 10 Ω , R3 =30 Ω, V=12 V, Rp = ?
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6+3+1 10 30
= + + = + + = = , 𝑅𝑝 = = 3Ω
𝑅𝑝 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 5 10 30 30 30 10
VI. Answer the following question: 1x5=5
12. a) What is refraction of light? The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the
meaning of this statement ?
Ans: a) Refraction of light : The phenomenon of bending of light ray when it travels
obliquely from one transparent medium into another.
* The ratio of the speed of light in air and the diamond is equal to 2.42.
b) What are the uses of concave mirror ? Write the mirror formula.
Ans: * Uses of concave mirror
i) Used in torches, search-lights
ii) Used in vehicles head lights
iii) Used as shaving mirrors
iv) The dentists used to test / examine teeth of patients
v) Used in solar furnace
1 1 1
* mirror formula: = +
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢

PART-B (CHEMISTRY)
VII. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3x1=3
13. An alloy that is made up of copper and zinc is
(A) solder metal (B) bronze (C) brass (D) stainless steel
Ans: (C) brass

14. The reactants that exchange ions by reacting each other and form a precipitate
among the following are
(A) Aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acid
(B) Sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid
(C) Aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acid
(D) Barium chloride and sodium sulphate
Ans: (D) Barium chloride and sodium sulphate

15. The gas liberated when sodium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid is
(A) Carbon dioxide (B) Nitrogen
(C) Hydrogen (D) Nitrogen dioxide
Ans: (A) Carbon dioxide

VII. Answer the following questions: 3x1-3

16. Mention any two methods to prevent the corrosion of iron materials.
Ans: * Oiling, * greasing, * painting, * galvanization, * alloying

17.In a homologous series, if the first member of hydrocarbon group has the molecular
formula of C2H4 then find the molecular formula of the fifth.
Ans: C6H12
18. Thermite process has wider industrial applications. Why?
Ans: Thermite process is highly exothermic and iron is obtained in molten form.
IX. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6
19 Balance the following chemical equations:
i) FeSO4 Heat Fe2 O3 + SO2 + SO3
ii) CH4 + O2 → CO2 +H2O
Ans: i) 2FeSO4 Heat Fe2 O3 + SO2 + SO3
ii) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

20. What are alkynes ? Write the molecular and structural formula of Benzene.
Ans: Alkynes: Hydrocarbons having triple bond between carbon atoms.

Benzene - C6H6

21. Write the properties of ionic compounds.

Ans: * Properties of ionic compounds.
i. are solids and are somewhat hard
ii. have high melting and boiling points
iii.are generally soluble in water and insoluble in solvents such as kerosene, petrol.
iv.conduct electricity in the solution and in molten state.
OR
Give reason:
a) Aluminium oxide is called amphoteric oxide.
Ans: Aluminium oxide reacts with both acids as well as bases to produce salt and water.
b) Calcium floats on water.
Ans: The bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of the metal.
X. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9
22. Draw the diagram of the arrangement of apparatus used to show the reaction of
zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid and testing hydrogen gas by burning and label
zinc granule.
23. Among the materials sodium carbonate, calcium oxychloride, calcium carbonate,
sodium bicarbonate, calcium sulphate hemihydrate,
i) which compound is used to make drinking water free from germs?
ii) which compound is used in soda acid fire extinguisher ?
iii) which compound does a doctor use to give support to fractured bones in the right
position?
Ans: i) calcium oxychloride
ii) sodium bicarbonate/ sodium hydrogen carbonate.
iii) calcium sulphate hemihydrate

24. Write the differences between calcination and roasting. How is pure zinc metal will
be obtained by these processes ?

Calcination Roasting
The process of heating the carbonate ores The process of heating the sulphide ores
strongly in the presence of limited air. strongly in the presence of excess air.
CO2 is produced in the process SO2 is produced in the process

* When ZnCO3 undergoes calcination ZnO is formed.

ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
* When ZnS undergoes roasting, ZnO is formed.
2 ZnS + 3O2 → 2 ZnO + 2 SO2
* Zinc oxide is then reduced to zinc using suitable reducing agent like carbon(coke)
ZnO + C → Zn + CO

XI. Answer the following questions: 1x4 =4

25. a) Explain substitution reaction in hydrocarbons with an example.
Ans: Saturated hydrocarbons are fairly unreactive but undergo substitution reactions in the
presence of sunlight. Chlorine can replace the hydrogen atoms one by one.

CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl.

b) Explain the mechanism of cleaning action of soaps.

Ans * Most dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water.
* The ionic-end of soap interacts with water while the carbon chain interacts with oil.
* The soap molecules, thus form structures called micelles where one end of the molecules
is towards the oil droplet while the ionic-end faces outside.
* This forms an emulsion in water.
* The soap micelle thus helps in pulling out the dirt in water and we can wash our clothes
clean.

OR
a) Carbon atoms do not form C4- anion and C4 + cation. Why?
Ans: Carbon can gain four electrons. But it would be difficult for the nucleus with six
protons to hold on to ten electrons, that is four extra electrons. It can lose four electrons but it
would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon
cation with six protons in its nucleus holding on to just two electrons.

b) Write the electron dot structures of nitrogen molecule and ethane molecule.
Ans: nitrogen molecule ethane molecule

PART-C (BIOLOGY)

XII. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 2x1=2
26.Small intestine: Villi :: Lungs :
(A) Bronchi (B) Alveoli (C) Nephrons (D) Diaphragm
Ans: (B) Alveoli

27. A trait that cannot be inherited among the following is

(A) Shape of the eye (B) Colour of the hair
(C) Type of the blood group (D) Playing skills
Ans: (D) Playing skills

XIII. Answer the following questions: 3x1 = 3

28. What is transpiration?
Ans:The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant.

29. The folding up of leaves of sensitive plant (touch-me-not plant) on touching with a
finger is not a trophism. Why?
Ans: This movement is independent of growth and non directional.

30. Mention any two advantages of vegetative propagation.

Ans: (i) Plants can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds.
(ii)Plants produced are genetically identical.
(iii)Desired characters can be maintained indefinitely.
XIV. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6
31. Draw the diagram showing the germination of pollen on stigma and label the part
ovary.

32. Write the functions of medulla and cerebellum of the human brain.
Ans: Medulla : Controls involuntary actions.
Cerebellum: - 1.Controls posture and balance .
2.Control precision of voluntary actions.
33. Give reason:
i) Nephrons are called fundamental functional units of excretory system.
Ans: Kidney consists of large number of nephrons which filter nitrogenous waste such as
urea or uric acid from blood.
ii)Small intestine is called complete digestion centre.
Ans: Enzymes present in intestinal juice convert the proteins to amino acids, complex
carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

XV. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9

34. A tall (TT) pea plant is crossed with a dwarf (tt) pea plant. Mention the types of
plant obtained in F, generation and represent the result obtained in F2 generation with
the help of checker board and mention the ratio of varieties of plants.
Ans: Parental plants (Tall) TT and (Dwarf) tt
Gametes T X t
On cross pollination F1- Tt (all tall plants)
Gametes - T, t
F2 T t
T TT Tt
(pure tall ) (impure tall)
t Tt tt
(impure tall) (pure dwarf )

Phenotypic ratio: 3:1, (3 tall, 1 dwarf)

Genotypic ratio: 1:2:1, (1 pure tall, 2 impure tall,1 pure dwarf)

 OR
Round green colour seeds producing pea plant (RRyy) are crossed with wrinkled
yellow colour seeds producing pea plant (rrYY). Show the result of F2 generation with
the help of a checker board and mention the ratio of varieties of plants.
Ans: Round green x wrinkled yellow
RRyy x rrYY
Gametes Ry rY

F1 Generation RrYy (All Round yellow)

Gametes –RY, Ry, rY, ry.

The F2 plants obtained are:

Round yellow - 9,
Round green- 3,
Wrinkled yellow- 3
Wrinkled green — 1

35. Draw the diagram showing the schematic sectional view of the human heart. Label
the following parts: i) Aorta ii) Pulmonary veins.

36. What are trophic levels ? Flow of energy in an ecosystem is always unidirectional.
Why? Explain.
Ans: * Each step of the food chain is called a trophic level(T).
* The energy that is captured by autotrophs does not revert back to the solar input.
* The energy which passes to the herbivores does not come back to autotrophs.
* The energy available at each trophic level gets diminished progressively due to loss of
energy at each level.
 OR
What is ozone ? What is the function of ozone layer? What are the causes for the
depletion of ozone layer?
Ans: * Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen.
*Protects earth's surface from ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
* Use of CFCs( Chloro Floro Carbons)

XVI. Answer the following questions: 2x4=8

37. What is reflex arc ? Trace the sequence of events that occur in this structure, when
a bright light is focused on our eyes.
Ans: Reflex Arc : The pathway of nerve impulses in a reflex action.
(i) Receptors in the eye receive the stimulus of bright light.
(ii) Messages reach spinal cord through sensory neuron.
(iii) Responses reach motor neuron through association neuron.
(iv) Responses reach effector through motor neuron.
(v) Muscles of eye close the eyelid.

38. a) Explain the structure and function of placenta.

Ans: During pregnancy period the embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with help
of disc shaped special tissue embedded in the uterine wall is called placenta.
* It contains villi on the developing side of the tissue.
* Provides a large surface area to -
* transport oxygen and glucose from mother to embryo.
* Removes the wastes generated from the embryo.

b) What are the functions of prostate gland and testosterone hormone.

Ans: Prostate gland : Its secretion make the sperm transport easier and provide nutrition.
Testosterone hormone is responsible for male characters.

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question answers refer
 KSEAB Science Model paper 2024-25 (Set 3 Solved)
PART-A (PHYSICS)
I. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 2× 1 = 2
1. The S.I. unit of electric current is
(A) coulomb (B) volt (C) ampere (D) watt
Ans: (C) ampere
2. The change in focal length of an eye lens is controlled by
(A) Ciliary muscles (B) Pupil (C) Retina (D) Iris
Ans: (A) Ciliary muscles
II. Answer the following questions: 2× 1 = 2
3. Write the symbols of the following components used in an electric circuit.
i) Electric cell ii) Rheostat

4. What problems will occur when live and neutral wires are connected directly to the
household electrical appliances from the electric poles ?
Ans: * leads to overloading, * leads to short circuiting.
* cause damage to appliances.
III. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6
5. Connecting resistors in parallel in domestic circuits is better than connecting them in
series. How ? Explain.
Ans: : i. The total resistance decreases.
ii. Current through the circuit increases.
iii. When one component fails in the circuit other components are not effected.
6. How do magnetic field lines appear when electric current passes through a circular
loop of conducting wires ?
Ans: * Field lines appear as concentric circles at every point on conductor.
* At the center of the circular loop field lines appear as straight lines.
OR
Explain the function of earth wire in domestic circuits.
Ans: Earth wire provides a low-resistance conducting path for the current. Any leakage of
current flows into the earth, and protects the user from severe electric shock.
7. Observe the following figure. Answer the question given below :

Whether this phenomenon can be observed on

the moon surface ? Justify the answer.
Ans: This phenomenon cannot be observed on
the moon surface.
* There is no atmosphere, no water, no rain and no
refraction, no dispersion.

IV. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9

8. Explain an activity to verify Fleming’s left hand rule.
Ans: Take a small aluminium rod AB (of about 5 cm). Using two
connecting wires suspend it horizontally from a stand, as shown in Fig.
Place a strong horse-shoe magnet in such a way that
the rod lies between the two poles with the magnetic field directed
upwards. Pass current through the aluminium rod from
end B to end A. The rod is displaced towards the left.
Reverse the direction of current flowing through the rod is displaced towards the right.
( Note : Diagram is for reference only )

9. Draw the ray diagram for the image formation in a convex lens when the object is
placed between optical centre ( O ) and principal focus (F1 ). Mention the position and
the nature of the image formed.

Position of image: On the same side of the

lens as the object
Nature : Virtual, erect and large.

10. Observe the figure given below. Name the defect of the eye depicted in the figure.
What causes this defect ? How can this defect be corrected ?

Ans: * Hypermetropia.( far-sightedness.)

* Reasons: (i) the focal length of the eye lens is too long, or
(ii) the eyeball has become too small.
* This defect can be corrected by using -convex lens.

OR
 Stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle. Why ? Explain.
Ans: Stars emit their own light and they twinkle due to the atmospheric refraction of starlight.
The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it
reaches the earth.
Planets do not twinkle because the planets are much closer to the earth, and are thus seen as
extended sources.The total variation in the amount of light entering our eye from all the
individual point-sized sources will average out to zero, thereby nullifying the twinkling
effect.

V. Answer the following questions: 2x4=8

11. A convex mirror that has a radius of curvature 4 m is used in a bus. If a car is
located at the distance of 10 m from the mirror, then find the image distance. Mention
the nature and the size of the image formed.

Ans: Data:- u = −10 m , R= 4 m, f = R/2 = 4/2 = 2m, v=?,

1 1 1
Applying the mirror formula : + =
𝑣 𝑢 𝑓

1 1 1 1 1 1 5 +1 1 6
+ =  = + =  =
𝑣 −10 2 𝑣 2 10 10 𝑣 10

10
 𝑣= = 1.66 m
6

Nature and size of image : Virtual, erect and small.

12. a) State Ohm’s law.

Ans:The potential difference (V) across the ends of a given metallic wire in an electric
circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through it at constant temperature.
[Vα I]

b) Mention the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depend.

Ans: (a) Length of the conductor (b) Area of cross section of the conductor
(c) Material of the conductor (d) Temperature of the conductor
c) Resistivity of a material A is 1012 Ω m and the resistivity of a material B is
2・63 × 10−8 Ω m. Which of these two materials can be used as an insulator ?
Ans: Material A is used as an insulator.( Reason- Resistivity is high)
 PART – B (CHEMISTRY)

VI. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3 x 1=3
13. A salt used to remove the permanent hardness of water is
(A) calcium sulphate hemihydrate (B) calcium oxychloride
(C) sodium carbonate (D) sodium hydrogen carbonate
Ans: (C) sodium carbonate

14. As the pH value of a neutral solution decreases, then

(A) concentration of H+ ions decreases
(B) concentration of H+ ions increases
(C) solution becomes basic
(D) concentration of H+ and OH− ions equalises
Ans: (B) concentration of H+ ions increases

15. Electronic configurations of the elements A, B and C respectively are 2, 8, 2 ; 2, 8

and 2, 8, 7. Among these the elements that can react each other to form an ionic
compound are
(A) Elements A and B (B) Elements B and C
(C) Elements A and C (D) Elements A, B and C
Ans: (C) Elements A and C

VII. Answer the following questions: 3 x 1=3

16. What is galvanisation ?

Ans: Process coating iron with a thin layer of zinc.

17. Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid. Why ?
Ans: Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent (It oxidises the hydrogen produced into water)

18. Name the organic compounds that have below given structural formula :

Ans: i) Methanal, ii) Bromoethane

VIII. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6

19. What is the reason for tooth decay ? Explain. How can this be prevented ?
Ans: * Bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degradation of sugar and food
particles remaining in the mouth after eating. So the pH in the mouth decreases and the tooth
enamel gets corroded.
* Using toothpastes which are generally basic, for cleaning the teeth.
20. On heating crystals of copper sulphate its blue colour disappears. Give the reason
for this change. How can the blue colour of copper sulphate be restored ?
Ans: * Copper looses water of crystallisation.
* Blue colour can be restored by adding few drops of water.

21. Write the electron dot structure of the following molecules :

i) Hydrogen ii) Ethane.
Ans: i) Hydrogen ii) Ethane.

IX. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9

22. a) Balance the following chemical equations :
i) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
ii) K + O2 → K2O

Ans: i) 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

ii) 4K + O2 → 2K2O

b) ZnO + C → Zn + CO
Identify the reactant that is oxidised and the reactant that is reduced in this reaction.
Ans: Reactant oxidised – C
Reactant reduced - ZnO
OR
Mention the meaning of following chemical reactions :
i) Thermal decomposition
Ans: Decomposition reaction carried out by heating.
ii) Displacement reaction
Ans: Reaction in which more reactive element displaces less reactive element from its
solution.
iii) Rancidity.
Ans: Change in the smell and taste of food materials containing oils and fats due to
oxidation
23. What is neutralisation reaction ? How can sodium chloride be obtained by
neutralisation method ? Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
Ans: * The reaction between an acid and a base to give a salt and water.
* sodium chloride be obtained by the reaction between Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
* HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
24. Draw the diagram of the apparatus arranged to show the action of steam on metal
and label the following parts :
i) Delivery tube ii) Hydrogen gas

X. Answer the following questions: 1x4=4

25. a) Explain the cleansing action of soaps.

Ans: * Most dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water.
* The ionic-end of soap interacts with water while the carbon chain interacts with oil.
* The soap molecules, thus form structures called micelles where one end of the molecules
is towards the oil droplet while the ionic-end faces outside.
* This forms an emulsion in water.
* The soap micelle thus helps in pulling out the dirt in water and we can wash our clothes
clean.

b) What is esterification ? Mention the uses of esters.

Ans: A chemical reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol gives sweet smelling ester .
* Esters are used in making perfumes, soaps and used as flavouring agents.

OR
a) List any two differences between saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds.
Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons
have single bond between carbon atoms (C-C) have double or triple bonds between
carbon atoms (C=C, C≡C)
less reactive more reactive
undergoes substitution reacttion undergoes addition reaction
Ex,- Alkanes,cycloalkanes Ex, - alkenes , alkynes

b) What are structural isomers ? Write the structures of butane isomers.

Ans: Carbon compounds with identical molecular formula but different structures are called
structural isomers.
n-butane C4H10 iso-butane
 Part – C ( Biology)

XI. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3 x 1=3

26. Rhizopus : Spore formation :: Spirogyra :

(A) Fragmentation (B) Regeneration
(C) Budding (D) Vegetative propagation
Ans: (A) Fragmentation

27. Osmotic pressure in plants is necessary for

(A) the transportation of materials to the tissues that have low pressure
(B) the transportation of water from root to shoot
(C) the evaporation of excess of water present in plant body
(D) the elimination of the difference in the concentration of ions between root and soil
Ans: (A) the transportation of materials to the tissues that have low pressure

28. The correct pathway of movement of male gamete in a flower is

(A) Ovary → Stigma → Pollen tube
(B) Stigma → Pollen tube → Ovary
(C) Anther → Pollen tube → Stigma
(D) Style → Pollen tube → Ovary
Ans: (B) Stigma → Pollen tube → Ovary

XI. Answer the following questions: 3 x1 = 3

29.Surgical method of contraception is better than oral method of contraception. Why ?
Ans: Since oral method change hormonal balances, they can cause side-effects. But surgical
methods are safe in the long run.
30. What is ozone ? What is the advantage of this layer to the organisms on the earth ?
Ans: * Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen.
*Protects earth's surface from ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
31. Exact copies of the progenies of the parent organism cannot be produced in sexual
reproduction. Justify.
Ans: * fusing gametes come from two different and sexually distinct individuals
* formation of gametes involves meiosis. – So sexual reproduction always leads to
variations.
XIl. Answer the following questions 2x2=4
32. What are biodegradable and non-biodegrable substances ? Give an example for
each.
Biodegradable substances Non-biodegradable substances
1.Decomposed by micro organisms 1. Not decomposed by micro organisms.
2.Do not cause bio magnification 2. Cause bio magnification.
3.Can be converted in to compost 3.Can be recycled.
Ex: Kitchen wastes, paper, sewage. Ex: Plastic, metal cans, glass, polymers
 OR
How do energy and harmful materials travel in the trophic levels of a food chain ?
Ans: * The flow of energy in the food chain is unidirectional.
* Only 10% of energy is available to the next trophic level.
* Amount of harmful chemicals increases in the food chain at the higher trophic levels.

33. Draw a diagram to show the structure of nephron and label Bowman’s cup.

XIV. Answer the following questions : 3 x3 =9

34. How are the complex molecules of food converted into the simplest forms in the
small intestine of human digestive canal ?
Ans: * Bile juice from the liver :Makes the food alkaline and break down fat into smaller
globules and there by increases the efficiency of enzyme.
* Trypsin & lipase are secreted by the pancreas. Trypsin-digests proteins. and lipase-
breaks down emulsified fats.
* Enzymes present in intestinal juice convert the proteins to amino acids, complex
carbohydrates into glucose and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

OR
What is the role of arteries and capillaries in the circulation of blood in our body ?
Mention the importance of double circulation.
Ans: * Arteries carry blood away from the heart to various organs of the body.
* capillaries bring the blood in contact with all the individual cells and exchange of
material between the blood and cell takes place.
Importance of double circulation:
(i) it ensure efficient supply of oxygen to the body.
(ii) helpful to supply more energy.
(iii) to maintain body temperature.
35. Draw the diagram of the human brain. Label the following parts :
i) Pons ii) Cerebellum.

36. Roles of the ‘uterus’ and ‘placenta’ are complementary to each other in the
development of a child. How ? Explain.
Ans: Uterus is an elastic bag like structure where the embryo is implanted and continue to
grow and develop organs to become foetus.
During pregnancy period the embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with help of disc
shaped special tissue embedded in the uterine wall is called placenta.
Thus roles of the ‘uterus’ and ‘placenta’ are complementary to each other in the
development of a child

OR

“Position of the testis in the human male reproductive system and the role of prostate
gland are complementary to each other.” How ? Explain.
Ans : Sperm formation requires a lower temperature than body temperature. To achieve this
testis is located in the scrotum outside the body.
Secretion of Prostrate gland makes the transportation of sperm easier and provides
nutrition to the sperms.
Thus position of the testis in the human male reproductive system and the role of
prostate gland are complementary to each other
XV. Answer the following question : 1x4 = 4

37. Red flowering tall pea plant ( TtRr ) is hybridised with white flowering, dwarf pea
plant ( ttrr ). Draw a checker board to show the result of plants obtained in F2
generation. What is the phenotypic ratio of the plants produced in F2 generation ?
Ans: Note –The question appears to have mistake. Needs more clarification.
Possible correction- TTRR instead of TtRr
Ans: tall red x dwarf white
TTRR x ttrr
Gametes TR tr

F1 Generation TtRr (Tall red)

Gametes - TR , Tr, tR, tr
F2 TR Tr tR tr
TR TTRR TTRr TtRR TtRr
Tr TTRr TTrr TtRr Ttrr
tR TtRR TtRr ttRR ttRr
Tr TtRr Ttrr ttRr ttrr
The plants obtained are: Tall red-9
Tall white -3
Dwarf red-3
Dwarf white:1

XVI. Answer the following question : 1x5 5

38. a) How do climbing plants ( creepers ) show directional movement ? Explain.

Ans: When the tendrils of creeper plants come in contact with a support, the plant circles
around it and grows faster. When tendrils gets attached to a support then, tips of the plant
synthesise auxin hormone at higher concentration and stimulates the elongation of cells, then
the plant shows directional movement.

b) Mention the function of thyroxine and adrenaline hormones in the human body.
Ans: Thyroxine _ Regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
Adrenaline - Increase heart beat,blood pressure, breathing rate, and prepare the body
to face the situation.

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 KSEAB Science Model paper 2024-25 (Set 4 Solved)

PART-A (PHYSICS)
I. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3x1=3
1. The magnification of the image produced by a mirror is – 1・73. Then the nature of
this image is
(A) Real and magnified (B) Real and diminished
(C) Virtual and magnified (D) Virtual and diminished
Ans: (A) Real and magnified
2. A person clearly sees the objects placed at the distance of 40 cm to 80 cm only. This
defect of the eye and a measure to rectify this defect are
(A) Myopia, use of suitable concave lens
(B) Hypermetropia, use of suitable convex lens
(C) Presbyopia, use of suitable bifocal lens
(D) Cataract, surgical treatment
Ans: (C) Presbyopia, use of suitable bifocal lens (Clue – Near point of vision 25 cm)
3. A beam of white light is passed through two transparent media A and B. The colour
of the scattered light from the medium A is blue and the colour of the scattered light
from the medium B is white. The correct statement related to this phenomenon is
(A) size of the particles in medium A is more than that of B medium
(B) size of the particles in medium B is more than that of A medium
(C) sizes of the particles in both A and B media are the same
(D) densities of both A and B media are the same
Ans: (B) size of the particles in medium B is more than that of A medium
II. Answer the following questions: 2x1 = 2
4. Draw the diagrams of circuit symbols of ‘wires crossing without joining’ and ‘rheostat’.

5. “The absolute refractive index of a medium cannot be less than 1.” Justify this
statement.
Ans: Velocity of light is maximum in vacuum.
III. Answer the following questions: 2x2=4
6. State the laws of reflection of light.
Ans: (i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and
(ii) The incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all
lie in the same plane.
 OR
What is power of lens ? Write its SI unit.
1
Ans: * Power of lens : Reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. P =
𝑓
* SI unit of power of a lens is ‘dioptre’. OR ‘D’
7. Explain the method of preparing an electromagnet.
Ans: Take a solenoid and connect two ends of it to source of direct current. Place a piece of
magnetic material such as soft iron inside the solenoid and pass the current. Soft iron
becomes electromagnet.
OR
How can the strength of magnetic field generated by a circular coil of wire be increased
? Explain.
Ans: i) By increasing the number of turns of the coil.
ii) By increasing the current flowing through the coil.
IV. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9
8. What is magnetic field ? List any four properties of magnetic field lines.
Ans: * Magnetic field: The region surrounding a magnet, in which the force of the magnet
can be detected.
* Properties of magnetic lines :
i) Field lines arise from North pole and end into South pole.
ii) Field lines are closed curves.
iii) Field lines are closer in stronger magnetic field.
iv) Field lines never intersect each other.
OR
What is short circuiting ? Write any two measures that can be followed to
prevent the possible damage due to short circuit.
Ans: When live wire and neutral wire come in direct contact the current in the circuit abruptly
rises. This is called short circuiting.
* * Live and neutral wires should not come into direct contact.
* Too many appliances should not be connected to a single socket.
* Should always use quality wires and good quality electrical appliances.
* Using fuse wire of correct rating.
9. An object is placed between F1 and 2F1 of convex lens. Draw the ray diagram to
show the image formation. [F1 : Principal focus of a lens ]
 10. Resistance of a metal wire of length 2 m is 28 Ω at 20°C. If the diameter of the wire
is 0.04 mm then what will be the resistivity of the metal at that temperature ?
Ans: Given - R = 28 Ω, d= 0.04 mm , l =2m, 𝜌 = ?.
𝑑 0.04
r= = = 0.02 mm = 2 x 10-5 m
2 2

𝐴=𝜋𝑟2=3.14×(2 x 10-5)2=12.56 x 10-10 𝑚2

𝑙 𝑅𝐴
𝑅= 𝜌  𝜌=
𝐴 𝑙

28 𝑥 12.56 𝑥 10−10
= = 175.84 x 10-10 = 1.758 x 10-8 Ωm
2

V. Answer the following question: 1x4=4

11. Explain the following phenomena :
i) Formation of rainbow in the atmosphere
Ans: * Rainbow is a natural spectrum appearing in the sky after a rain shower .It is caused
by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the atmosphere. A rainbow is
always formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun. The water droplets act like small
prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it internally, and finally
refract it again when it comes out of the raindrop . Due to the dispersion of light and internal
reflection, different colours reach the observer’s eye.
ii) Twinkling of stars.
Ans: Stars emit their own light and they twinkle due to the atmospheric refraction of
starlight. The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously
before it reaches the earth. The atmospheric refraction occurs in a medium of gradually
changing refractive index.
VI. Answer the following question: 1x5=5
12. a) Connecting resistors in parallel in a circuit is better than connecting them in
series. Why ? Explain.
Ans:In parallel connection i. The total resistance decreases.
ii. Current through the circuit increases.
iii. When one component fails in the circuit other components are not effected.

b) State Joule’s law of heating. Explain how an electric bulb works on the basis of this
law.
Ans: Joule’s law of heating: H = I2 Rt Heat produced in a resistor is
(i) directly proportional to the square of current for a given resistance,
(ii) directly proportional to resistance for a given current, and
(iii) Directly proportional to the time for which the current flows through
Working of bulb- * A strong metal with high melting point such as tungsten is used for
making bulb filaments.
* Most of the power consumed by the filament appears as heat, but a small part of it is in the
form of light radiated.
 PART-B (CHEMISTRY)
VII. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 3x1=3
13. The property of carbon atoms to form bonds with other carbon atoms to give large
molecules is
(A) Isomerism (B) Allotropism
(C) Catenation (D) Addition
Ans: (C) Catenation
14. ZnO + C → Zn + CO ; the reactants that are oxidised and reduced in this chemical
reaction respectively are
(A) ZnO and C (B) C and ZnO
(C) Zn and CO (D) Co and Zn
Ans: (B) C and ZnO
15. When excess of sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the same basic solution then
(A) the concentration of OH− ions increases
(B) the concentration of H3O + ions increases
(C) the pH value of the solution decreases
(D) the concentration of OH− ions decreases.
Ans: (A) the concentration of OH− ions increases
VII. Answer the following questions: 3x1-3
16. Mention any two methods of preventing rancidity.
Ans: i)Keeping food in air tight containers. ii)Adding antioxidants.
iii)Flushing bags of chips with nitrogen.
17. Write the structural formula of the ketone having three carbon atoms.
Ans: Propanone

18. Aqueous solution of HNO3 shows acidic character but the solution of alcohol does
not show this character. Why ?
Ans: produces H+ ions in solution. * Alcohols are co-valent compounds and doesn’t
produce ions.
IX. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6
19. Observe the following chemical reactions. Answer the question asked.

Name ‘a’ and ‘b’ products. Identify saturated and unsaturated product in ‘a’ and ‘b’.
Ans: * a- Ethene ( C2H4). b – Ethane (C2H6)
a – Unsaturated. b – saturated.
20. Write the balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction given below and
identify the type of this reaction.
Lead nitrate + Potassium iodide → Lead iodide + Potassium nitrate.
Ans: Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
* Double displacement reaction.
21. Give reason for the following uses of baking soda :
i) As an ingredient in antacids
Ans: Basic in nature and neutralises excess acid produced in the stomach.
ii) As baking powder in bakeries.
Ans: Makes the bakery items smooth and spongy (by releasing CO2)
X. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9
22. Draw the diagram of arrangement of apparatus to show the action of steam on a
metal and label the following parts :
i) Metal sample ii) Hydrogen gas

23. a) While diluting an acid, water should not be added to the acid but acid should be
added to water. Why ? Explain.
Ans: The process of mixing an acid or base with water. is highly exothermic.
* the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns.
* The glass container may also break
b) Among one molar of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid, which of the acid is strong
acid and which of the acid is weak acid ? Give reason for your answer.
Ans: * Hydrochloric acid is strong acid and acetic acid is weak acid.
Reason- Hydrochloric acid – gives rice to more H+ ions and acetic acid gives rice to less H+
ions.
OR
One test tube has distilled water and other two test tubes have acidic and basic
solutions. How can the nature of these three solutions be identified using red and blue
litmus paper ?
Ans: * Acidic solution turns blue litmus red.
* Basic solution turns red litmus to blue.
* Distilled water doesn’t changes the colour of blue and red litmus.
 24. Define the following :
i) Structural isomers
Ans: Carbon compounds with identical molecular formula but different structures.
ii) Esterification
Ans: A chemical reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol gives sweet smelling ester .
iii) Micelles.
Ans: The ionic-end of soap interacts with water while the carbon chain interacts with oil and
form structures called micelles.
OR
a) What are substitution reactions ?
Ans: :- A chemical reaction in which hydrogen atoms in a saturated hydrocarbon are
replaced by chlorine atoms one by one.

b) Name the simplest hydrocarbon and write its molecular formula.

Ans: * Methane- CH4
c) What are oxidising agents ?
Ans: Substances which add oxygen during a chemical reaction.

XI. Answer the following questions: 1x4 =4

25. a) Show the formation of magnesium chloride by the transfer of electrons.

Ans: Mg → Mg2+ + 2e-
2,8,2 2,8
( magnesium cation )
Cl + e- → Cl-
2,8,7 2,8,8
( chloride anion )

b) Differentiate between calcination and roasting.

Calcination Roasting
The process of heating the carbonate ores The process of heating the sulphide ores
strongly in the presence of limited air. strongly in the presence of excess air.
CO2 is produced in the process SO2 is produced in the process
Ex : ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2 ZnO + 2 SO2

c) What are the constituent metals present in solder metal ? Why is solder metal
used for welding electrical wires ?
Ans:* lead and tin .
* Has low melting point and good conductor of electricity.
 PART-C (BIOLOGY)
XII. Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer. 2x1=2
26. The second tropihc level of a food chain consists of
(A) Producers (B) Herbivores
(C) Secondary consumer (D) Primary carnivores
Ans: (B) Herbivores
27. If a trait is appeared in the progenies of many generations, then the trait must be
(A) dominant trait (B) recessive trait
(C) acquired trait (D) intermediate trait
Ans: (A) dominant trait
XIII. Answer the following questions: 3x1 = 3
28. ‘Stomata of leaves facilitate the transportation of water through xylem.’ Justify.
Ans: Evaporation of water molecules from the stomata of leaves due to transpiration creates a
suction which pulls water from xylem cells of root.
29. ‘Vegetative propagation can be considered as a boon to the farmers.’ How ?
Ans: (i) Plants can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds.
(ii)Plants produced are genetically identical.
(iii)Desired characters can be maintained indefinitely.
30. Father alone is responsible to determine the sex of a child. Why ?
Ans: * A child who inherits X chromosome from her father will be a girl and a child who
inherits Y chromosome from his father will be a boy.
* Both the girl and the boy inherit only X chromosome from the mother.
XIV. Answer the following questions: 3x2=6
31. Mention the needs for the separation of non-biodegradable wastes in the waste
management.
Ans: Non biodegradable wastes (i) persist in the environment for a long time.
(ii) Cause environmental pollution.
By separating they can be recycled.

32. Draw the diagram to show the germination of pollen on stigma and label‘pollen
tube’.
33. Name the process that takes place in the part labelled as B in the structure given
below. What is the significance of this process ?

Ans: Selective reabsorption . Glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of water, are
selectively re-absorbed back in to the blood.
B- is Loop of Henle
(Note – Loop of Henle s is not labelled in our text book )
XV. Answer the following questions: 3x3=9
34. Draw the diagram to show the structure of the human brain and label the following
parts: i) Cerebellum ii) Pons.

35. Round, yellow seeds ( RRYY ) producing pea plant is crossed with wrinkled, green
seeds ( rryy ) producing pea plant. Write the checker board to show the results obtained
in the F2 generation of this cross.What is the phenotypic ratio of the plants produced in
F2 generation?
 Ans: Round yellow x wrinkled green
RRYY x rryy
Gametes RY RY

F1 Generation RrYy (All Round yellow)

Gametes –RY, Ry, rY, ry.

The F2 plants obtained are:

Round yellow - 9,
Round green- 3,
Wrinkled yellow- 3
Wrinkled green — 1

OR
Tall pea plant ( TT ) is crossed with dwarf pea plant ( tt ). What kind of plants will be
produced in F1 generation ? Draw a checker board to show the results obtained in F2
generation when pea plants of F1 generation are self pollinated. What is the
phenotypic ratio of the plants produced here ?
Ans: Parental plants (Tall) TT and (Dwarf) tt
Gametes T X t
On cross pollination F1- Tt (all tall plants)
Gametes - T, t
F2 T t
T TT Tt
(pure tall ) (impure tall)
t Tt tt
(impure tall) (pure dwarf )
Phenotypic ratio: 3:1, (3 tall, 1 dwarf)
Genotypic ratio: 1:2:1, (1 pure tall, 2 impure tall,1 pure dwarf)
36. a) ‘Reflex arcs are considered as more efficient for quick responses.’ Justify.
Ans: The thinking process of the brain is not fast enough. As the response by the reflex arc is
very quick its functioning is more efficient.
b) When a plant receives light from one direction then the plant appears to bend
towards the direction of light. Analyse the reason for this response.
Ans: * The directional movement of the plant in response to light is called phototropism.
* When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, synthesized at the shoot tip,
helps the cells to grow longer.
* When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of
the shoot.
* This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot
which is away from light. Thus, the plant appears to bend towards light.
 XVI. Answer the following questions: 2x4=8
37. a) Mention the types of blood vessels in the human body and write one function
of each.
Ans: * Arteries : carry blood away from the heart to various organs of the body.
* Veins: collect the blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart.
* capillaries : bring the blood in contact with all the individual cells.
b) What is double circulation ?
Ans: Blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle in human beings. This is known as
double circulation.
38. a) What is the role of testes and prostate gland in human male reproductive
system ?
Ans: * Testis : Produce sperms and testosterone hormone.
* Prostate gland : Its secretion make the sperm transport easier and provide nutrition.
b) How does an embryo get nutrition from the mother’s blood ? Explain.
Ans: During pregnancy period the embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with help of
disc shaped special tissue embedded in the uterine wall is called placenta.
* It contains villi on the developing side of the tissue Provides a large surface area to transport
oxygen and glucose from mother to embryo.
OR
a) What are the different methods of contraception followed in human beings ?
Ans: (i) Creation of mechanical Barrier : Condoms on the penis or similar coverings worn
in the Vagina.Using loop or the copper-T inside vegina.
(ii) Changing the hormonal balance in which drugs or pills are used.
(iii) Surgical methods : Blocking the vas deferens in male or the fallopian tube in female.
b) Mention one difference between fragmentation and regeneration.
Fragmentation Regeneration.
Spirogyra reproduces by fragmentation Planaria reproduces by regeneration.
breaks up into smaller pieces upon When cut into number of pieces each piece
maturation and these pieces grow into new grows into a complete organism.
individuals.