2020

J. Pl. Res. Vol. 18, No. 1, pp 143-156, 2020Journal of Plant Resources Vol.18, No. 1

Orchids of Panchase Forest, Central Nepal: A Checklist

Prabin Bhandari1,2*, Kalyan Shrestha3 and Chandra Kanta Subedi4

1
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing, 100093 CHINA
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 CHINA
3
Ramtulasi Secondary School, Rampur, Palpa, Nepal
4
Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
*Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The checklist of orchids distributed in Panchase forest, Central Nepal is updated, with 52 genera, 142
species and a natural hybrid. Notes on the altitudinal range, habit, habitat, phenology and distribution are
given.

Keywords: Hotspot, Mid-hill of Nepal, Orchidaceae, Orchid checklist, Orchids of Nepal

Introduction Materials and Methods

Orchidaceae in Nepal is one of the largest plant Study area
families with about 506 species (Bhandari et al.,
The Panchase forest is located in the mid-hills of
2015; Bhandari et al., 2016b; Subedi et al., 2017;
Central Nepal connecting the three districts; Kaski,
Bhandari et al., 2019a; Bhandari et al., 2019b;
Parbat and Syangja within the elevation range of 900
Raskoti & Ale, 2019a; Raskoti & Ale, 2019b;
Bhandari et al., 2020) distributed in range of habitats to 2500 m asl (Figure 1). The forest is characterized
from tropical low land to high Himalaya (Acharya by the presence of different terraces of terrain with
et al., 2011; Rokaya et al., 2013; Rajbhandari & Rai, a range of habitat including forest, rangeland, shrub
2017; Shrestha et al., 2018). Central Nepal is land, wetland and agriculture. The climate in the
considered the high species-rich region for orchids lower elevation is subtropical while it is moist
with peaks at about 1600 m corresponding to 16°C temperate in the higher elevation above 2000 m. Hill
mean annual temperature (Acharya et al., 2011). Sal forest, Schima-Castanopsis forest dominate the
Panchase forest, lying at the mid-hill of central lower subtropical belt, while Daphniphyllum forest,
Nepal, with annual mean temperature about 17°C Alder forest, Oak- Laurel forest and Oak-
(Dixit et al., 2015), is being a centre of scientific Rhododendron forest dominate the upper temperate
research since early 2000, as several novel orchid belt. Apart from its natural beauty, Panchase is
species and new findings are reported from the forest famous for its religious value. Each year, hundreds
(Bajracharya et al., 2003; Subedi et al., 2011; Raskoti
& Ale, 2013; Raskoti & Jin, 2013; Bhandari et al.,
2015; Raskoti & Kurzweil, 2015; Raskoti, 2015;
Bhandari et al., 2020). This research was, therefore,
carried out to contribute to the orchid conservation
in Panchase by preparing an updated orchid checklist
within the altitudinal range of 900-2500 m asl (meter
above sea level). Incorporating the previous findings,
this paper attempt to give comprehensive
information’s on orchid of Panchase, with updated
nomenclature, habit, habitat, phenology, the elevation
range and other relevant information. Figure 1: Location of Panchase in Nepal

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of Hindus and Buddhist pilgrimages climb to the geographical regions are adopted from Watson
Panchase to visit the holy sites; the Sidha-baba et al., (2011), Rajbhandari & Rai (2017), Shrestha
mandir and Panchase tal. et al., (2018), Raskoti & Ale (2019a), Raskoti & Ale
(2019b) and Bhandari et al., (2020) were followed
Home to about 718 vascular plant species (Subedi for Nepal’s distribution.
et al., 2007; Mikage, 2008; Bhandari, 2015; Bhandari
et al., 2015; Bhandari & Shrestha, 2016; Bhandari
et al., 2016-18; Thakur & Rajbhandary, 2018; Results and Discussion
Bhandari et al., 2020), Panchase forest is often The present study reported 142 wild orchid species
considered as a hotspot of plant diversity in Central and a natural variety, within 52 genera from Panchase
Nepal (World Wide Fund For Nature [WWF], 2013). forest. Bulbophyllum (20 species), Dendrobium (15
Panchase also provides shelter to a number of species), Pinalia (8 species), Oberonia (7 species),
endangered wildlife species including the Himalayan Coelogyne (6 species), Cymbidium (6 species),
Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), the common leopard Gastrochilus (5 species), Liparis (5 species),
(Panthera pardus), 152 species of birds, and 8 Calanthe (4 species), Goodyera (4 species),
species of bats (Aryal & Dhungel, 2009; Malla et Herminium (4 species), Odontochilus (4 species),
al., 2013; Baral, 2018). Owing to the biological Pholidota (4 species), Zeuxine (4 species) and
uniqueness of the forest, Panchase is regarded as Otochilus (3 species), were the abundant genera,
the biological corridor between southern plain Tarai while, the remaining genera have either two or single
and northern Himalaya; within a broad conservation species. Three Orchids (Gastrochilus nepalensis
regime, the landscape is popularly known as Raskoti, Odontochilus nandae Raskoti &
Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) (WWF, H.Kurzweil, and Pinalia pokharensis (Bajrach.,
2013). Subedi & K.K.Shrestha) Schuit., Y.P.Ng &
H.A.Pedersen) are reported to be endemic to
Data collection Panchase forest (Bajracharya et al., 2003; Raskoti
The present checklist is based on the published & Kurzweil, 2015; Raskoti, 2015). Oberonia
literature (Subedi et al., 2007; Raskoti, 2015), nepalensis L.R.Shakya & R.P.Chaudhary, endemic
herbarium consultation and field visits. A bi-monthly to central Nepal (Shakya & Chaudhary, 1999), was
field trip was organized for specimens collection also found in good population in the subtropical (900
between 2017 and 2018. At the meantime, the to 1500 m asl) Panchase forest. Of the total reported
ecological parameters, for example, forest type, host species, nine are Himalayan endemic, two distributed
tree, phenology, and altitudinal range were also in South Asia (Nepal and India), and 118 species
recorded. The National Herbarium and Plant shows East and South Asian affinities, while the
Laboratories (KATH) and Tribhuvan University remaining 10 species shows the broad distribution.
Central Herbarium (TUCH) were visited for Panisea panchaseensis Subedi, named after the type
identifying the collected samples and cross-checking locality Panchase forest (Subedi et al., 2011), was,
the vouchers collected from the study site. later reported from Dolakha, Nepal (Bhandari et al.,
Information on herbarium specimens housed outside 2016) and Assam, India (Odyuo et al., 2016).
Nepal was obtained through Flora of Nepal webpage
(http://www.floraofnepal.org/). Nomenclature and Majority of the orchid species prefers forest to
author citation of plant species followed the rangeland and shrubland. A large number of the
International Plant Name Index (https:// species favours epiphytic habitat (113 species), while
www.ipni.org/), ‘The Plant List’ (http:// 40 species prefer terrestrial habitat. Eight of the
theplantlist.org/) and TROPICOS (http:// epiphytic species (Bulbophyllum caudatum, B.
tropicos.org/). The species number for the genera hirtum, B. leopardinum, B. reptans, Coelogyne
and the broad distribution of the species followed fuscescens, Dendrobium eriiflorum, Pholidota
Govaerts et al., (2019) and Chen et al., (2009), while pallida, Porpax muscicola) were occasional

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lithophyte, preferring the rock crevices. Interestingly, linked with the rate of precipitation and temperature
a terrestrial orchid, Satyrium nepalense var. (Rokaya et al., 2013). More than 60% of orchids
nepalense, was observed in epiphytic habitat in the bloom in this period. The incoming spring brings
lower branches of Daphniphyllum himalayense, the Coelogyne species to bloom, making the whole
Quercus semecarpifolia, Symplocos ramosissima, environment whitish. While, during August, the
and Viburnum erubescens as an occasional climber; forest turns colourful (Subedi et al., 2007) with the
however, the substratum was rich with mosses and blooming of different species of Cymbidium,
litter. The epiphytic species tend to grow in damp Bulbophyllum, Goodyera and Panisea. Therefore,
forest, mostly in the lower tree trunk and branches March-April and July-September could be the best
rich with mosses. Cymbidium aloifolium and C. season for the orchid enthusiast to visit Panchase.
manii were observed growing in the open canopy,
showing the high light demand. Few epiphytes like Checklist
Gastrochilus distichus, Oberonia falcata, Vandopsis This checklist includes 142 wild species and a natural
undulata were sometimes observed in Berberis hybrid orchid species growing in Panchase forest, Central
bushes. The terrestrial species were often growing Nepal.
in the forest floor, forest edges, and grassy slope. Acampe Lindl. (7/2/1 species)
The Odontochilus species, Goodyera species, Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) P.F.Hunt; Aerides rigida
Liparis petiolata, Tainia minor prefers to grow in Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.
the Daphniphyllum forest, floor rich with litter and Epiphytic on tree trunks or major branches (Castanopsis
indica, Schima wallichii, Diospyrus lancifolia) between 900-
mosses. Similarly, Nervilia species and Zeuxine
1700 m. Fl. Aug-Oct. Ghatichida, Kaski, 900 m, 18 August
species dominate the floor of Schima-Castanopsis 2015, P. Bhandari P1408 (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya,
forest within 900 to 1100 m asl. While, the species Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia, SE Asia and Africa].
like Herminium lanceum, Peristylis aristatus, Aerides Lour. (28/2/2 species)
Platanthera biermanniana, Satyrium nepalense var. *Aerides multiflora Roxb.
nepalense, Spiranthes australis, S. flexuosa prefers Epiphytic on Shorea robusta within 1000-1500 m. Fl. May-
the grassy slope, forest edges and along the walking Jun. [WCE Nepal, E Himalaya, S Asia and SE Asia].
trail. Aerides odorata Lour.; Aerides cornuta Roxb.
Epiphytic on tree trunks or major branches (Castanopsis
Schima wallichii, Castanopsis indica, Diospyrus indica, Schima wallichii) between 900-1500 m. Fl. Jun-Jul.
lancifolia were the major host in the lower elevation, Ghatichida, NW Pokhara, Kaski, 900-1000 m, 28 June 2018,
while Bombax ceiba, Engelhardia spicata, Myrica P. Bhandari & B. Ojha P1637 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, E
esculenta, Macaranga pustulata were the occasional Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
host. In the temperate belt, Daphniphyllum Agrostophyllum Blume (139/2/2 species)
himalayense, Rhododendron arboreum, Quercus Agrostophyllum callosum Rchb.f.
Epiphytic on lower branches (Quercus species,
species, Lindera pulcheriima, Neolitsea pallens,
Rhododendron arboreum, Daphniphyllum himalayense, Ilex
Lyonia ovalifolia were the major host. Pyrularia fragilis, Lyonia ovalifolia, Myrica esculenta, Schima
edulis, Viburnum erubescens, Rhus species served wallichii) between 1700-2300 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest,
as rare host for the epiphytic species in the temperate Kaski, 2200 m, 10 August 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari
belt. Some orchids were host-specific, for example, P774 (TUCH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau,
Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Goodyera recurva prefers Viburnum erubescens and
Ania Lindl. (6/1/1 species)
Neolitsea pallens; Panisea panchaseensis prefers
laurels and oaks, and Taeniophyllum scaberulum Ania penangiana (Hook.f.) Summerh.
Terrestrial on the floor of Schima-Castanopsis forest between
prefers Daphniphyllum himalayense and Ilex 1000-1100 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Between Ghatichida to
excelsa. Damdame, Panchase forest, Kaski, 1045 m, 17 March 2018,
P. Bhandari P1505, KATH030392. [C Nepal, E Himalaya,
The peak flowering season for orchids in Panchase E Asia and SE Asia].
was observed between July to August, which can be Anthogonium Lindl. (1/1/1 species)

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Anthogonium gracile Lindl. Epiphytic on tree trunks. Fl. Oct. [C Nepal, Assam-Burma
Terrestrial on grassy slopes, in rock crevices between 1300- and SE Asia].
1800 m. Fl. Aug-Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1800 m, 07 Bulbophyllum muscicola Rchb.f.
September 2014, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P800 (KATH Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Quercus
& TUCH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam- semecarpifolia, Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia ovalifolia,
Burma, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia]. Quercus lamellosa) between 2300-2500 m. Fl. Sep. Panchase
Apostasia Blume (8/1/1 species) danda, Kaski, 2500 m, 09 September 2014, P. Bhandari &
S. Budhamagar P827 (TUCH). [C Nepal, W Himalaya, E
Apostasia wallichii R.Br.
Himalaya and Assam-Burma].
Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest between 900-1000
Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Sm.) Lindl.; Stelis
m. Fl. May-Jun. Between Damdame to Ghatichida, Panchase
odoratissima Sm.
forest, Kaski, 900-1000 m, 28 June 2018, P. Bhandari & B.
Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Schima
Ojha P1632 (KATH). [C Nepal, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E
wallichii, Castanopsis indica) between 1400-1700 m. Fl. Jun-
Asia, SE Asia and Australasia].
Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1400-1700 m, 06 June 2017, P.
Bulbophyllum Thouars (ca. 1900/36/20 species) Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1664 (KATH). [C Nepal, E
Bulbophyllum affine Wall. ex Lindl. Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii, Castanopsis Asia].
indica) between 1100-1500 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, *Bulbophyllum polyrhizum Lindl.
Kaski, 1100-1500 m, 27 June 2018, P. Bhandari P1657 Epiphytic on tree trunks. Fl. Apr. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya,
(KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, E Asia and SE Asia]. Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia].
Bulbophyllum bisetum Lindl. Bulbophyllum purpureofuscum J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense) Vogel; Sunipia cirrhata (Lindl.) P.F.Hunt
between 1900-2100 m. Fl. Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1950 Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Daphniphyllum
m, 22 September 2017, P. Bhandari P1696 (KATH). [CE himalayense, Quercus lamellosa, Rhus succedanea) between
Nepal, E Himalaya and SE Asia]. 1900-2300 m. Fl. Dec-Jan. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1900-
Bulbophyllum careyanum (Hook.) Spreng.; Anisopetalum 2300 m, 08 January 2015, P. Bhandari P1692 (KATH). [C
careyanum Hook. Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma and E Asia].
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii, Bulbophyllum reptans (Lindl.) Lindl.; Tribrachia reptans
Castanopsis species, Diospyrus lancifolia, Myrsine Lindl.
capitellata) between 900-1700 m. Fl. Sep-Nov. Thulakhet, Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii, Castanopsis
NW Pokhara, Kaski, 1000 m, 10 October 2014, P. Bhandari indica, Daphniphyllum himalayense, Rhododendron
P1495 (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma and arboreum, Quercus semecarpifolia, Lyonia ovalifolia, Ilex
SE Asia]. fragilis, Rhus succedanea) or lithophytic between 1300-2500
*Bulbophyllum caudatum Lindl. m. Fl. Mar-Jun. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1600 m, 20 March
Epiphytic or Lithophytic. Fl. Jun-Jul. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya 2015, P. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar & A. Bhandari P1276
and Tibetan Plateau]. (KATH & TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya,
Bulbophyllum cylindraceum Wall. ex Lindl. Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense) at Bulbophyllum retusiusculum Rchb.f.
1700 m. Fl. Oct-Nov. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1700 m, 10 Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Quercus
November 1999, A. Subedi 347 (TUCH!). [CE Nepal, E semecarpifolia, Rhododendron arboreum, Ilex fragilis,
Himalaya and E Asia]. Lindera pulcherrima) between 2300-2500 m. Fl. Jul-Aug.
*Bulbophyllum hirtum (Sm.) Lindl. ex Wall. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2500 m, 10 July 2000, A. Subedi
Stelis hirta Sm. 430 (TUCH!). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau,
Epiphytic or Lithophytic. Fl. Jan-Feb. [Nepal, W Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. Bulbophyllum roseopictum J.J.Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel;
Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl. ex Wall.; Sunipia bicolor Lindl.
Dendrobium leopardinum Wall. Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Daphniphyllum
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense, himalayense, Quercus semecarpifolia, Viburnum
Rhododendron arboreum, Schima wallichii, Alnus erubescens) between 2000-2500 m. Fl. Nov-Dec. Panchase
nepalensis, Engelhardia spicata, Ilex fragilis, Lyonia forest, Kaski, 1500-2100 m, 08 January 2015, P. Bhandari
ovalifolia, Myrica esculenta) or lithophytic between 1500- & Y.N. Paudel P1691 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya,
2000 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1900 m, 05 E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia
October 2014, P. Bhandari P1567 (TUCH). [CE Nepal, W and SE Asia].
Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, E Asia and SE Asia]. Bulbophyllum secundum Hook.f.
*Bulbophyllum moniliforme C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f. Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii) between 900-

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1000 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Ghatichida, Panchase forest, Kaski, 900 900 m, 17 March 2018, P. Bhandari P1702 (KATH). [C
m, 28 June 2018, P. Bhandari & B. Ojha P1634 (KATH). [C Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E
Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. Asia and SE Asia].
Bulbophyllum striatum (Griff.) Rchb.f.; Dendrobium striatum Chiloschista Lindl. (20/3/1 species)
Griff.
Chiloschista usneoides (D.Don) Lindl.; Epidendrum
Epiphytic on tree trunks at 2000 m. Fl. Jan-Feb. Panchase
usneoides D.Don
forest, Kaski, 2000 m, 11 January 2002, A. Subedi, R.P.
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Castanopsis indica) at 900-1900
Chaudhary & L.R. Shakya 1035 (TUCH!). [C Nepal, E
m. Fl. May-Jun. Thulakhet, Bhadaure Tamage VDC, Kaski,
Himalaya, E Asia and SE Asia].
900 m, 04 May 2015, P. Bhandari P1356 (TUCH). [C Nepal,
*Bulbophyllum umbellatum Lindl.
W Himalaya and E Himalaya].
Epiphytic on tree trunks. Fl. Mar-Jun. [Nepal, W Himalaya,
E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Cleisostoma Blume (99/4/1 species)
Asia]. *Cleisostoma filiforme (Lindl.) Garay; Sarcanthus filiformis
Bulbophyllum viridiflorum (Hook.f.) Schltr.; Cirrhopetalum Lindl.
viridiflorum Hook.f. Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches within 1000-1200 m.
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense) Fl. Aug-Sep. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia
between 2000-2200 m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, and SE Asia].
2100 m, 05 October 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1235 Coelogyne Lindl. (ca. 200/11/6 species)
(KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, S Asia and E Asia].
*Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl.
Bulbophyllum wallichii (Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Cirrhopetalum
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Rhododendron forest) within 1600-
wallichii Lindl.
2300 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense)
Plateau, Assam-Burma, S Asia and E Asia].
between 2000-2100 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Panchase forest, Kaski,
Coelogyne cristata Lindl.
2000 m, 22 March 2015, P. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar & A.
Epiphytic on tree trunks and major branches (Schima
Bhandari P1496 (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E
wallichii, Daphniphyllum himalayense, Rhododendron
Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
arboreum, Alnus nepalensis, Ilex fragilis) between 1600-
Calanthe R.Br. (ca. 150/16/4 species) 2300 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2000 m, 21
Calanthe mannii Hook.f. March 2015, P. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar & A. Bhandari
Terrestrial on Oak forest floor at 2300 m. Fl. May-Jun. P1289 (KATH & TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E
Panchase forest, Kaski, 2300 m, 27 June 2018, P. Bhandari Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau and S Asia].
P1646 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, *Coelogyne flaccida Lindl.
Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. Epiphytic on tree trunks near streams and water bodies. Fl.
Calanthe plantaginea Lindl. Mar-Apr. [C Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and
Terrestrial on Rhododendron-Oak forest floor between 2400- SE Asia].
2500 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2450 m, 22 Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl.; Coelogyne fuscescens var.
March 2015, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P1547 (TUCH). viridiflorum Pradhan
[WC Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau and Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Schima
E Asia]. wallichii, Castanopsis species, Daphniphyllum himalayense,
Calanthe puberula Lindl.; Alismorkis puberula (Lindl.) Rhododendron arboreum, Alnus nepalensis, Engelhardia
Kuntze spicata, Ilex fragilis, Lyonia ovalifolia, Myrica esculenta,
Terrestrial on Rhododendron-Oak forest floor between 1900- Prunus cerasoides) or lithophytic between 1100-2100 m.
2500 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1900 m, 16 Fl. Dec-Feb. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1940 m, 09 January
August 2017, P. Bhandari, K. Shrestha, G. Thapamagar & 2015, P. Bhandari & Y.P. Paudel P1256 (TUCH). [CE Nepal,
D. Pathak 1008P (KATH). [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, E Asia and SE Asia]. Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D.Don) Lindl.; Cymbidium nitidum
Calanthe tricarinata Lindl. Wall. ex D.Don
Terrestrial on Oak forest floor at 2300 m. Fl. May-Jun. Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Schima
Panchase forest, Kaski, 2300 m, 17 April 2018, P. Bhandari wallichii, Castanopsis indica, Daphniphyllum himalayense,
P1607 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Oaks, Laurels) between 1600-2500 m. Fl. May-Jul. Panchase
Tibetan Plateau and E Asia]. forest, Kaski, 1950 m, 02 June 2014, P. Bhandari & S.
Cheirostylis Blume (55/1/1 species) Budhamagar P417 (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, E Himalaya,
Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Cheirostylis griffithii Lindl.
Coelogyne prolifera Lindl.; Coelogyne flavida Hook.f. ex
Saprophytic growing on the floor of Schima-Castanopsis
Lindl.
forest between 900-2000 m. Fl. Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski,
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii,

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Castanopsis indica, Diospyrus lancifolia, Ficus neerifolia, 15 July 2002, A. Subedi, R.P. Chaudhary & L.R. Shakya 94
Daphniphyllum himalayense, Lyonia ovalifolia, Engelhardia (TUCH!). [C Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-
spicata) between 900-1900 m. Fl. May-Jun. Panchase forest, Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Kaski, 1510 m, 04 June 2014, P. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar Cymbidium mannii Reichnb.; Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. var.
& R. Chhetri P509 (TUCH & KATH). [CE Nepal, E obtusum Du Puy & P.J.Cribb
Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Castanopsis indica)
Crepidium Tausch (280/2/1 species) or lithophytic between 1000-1300 m. Fl. Mar-May. Harpan
village, Kaski, 1300 m, 23 March 2015, P. Bhandari & S.
Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach.; Malaxis acuminata
Budhamagar P1548 (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, Assam-Burma,
D.Don
S Asia and SE Asia].
Terrestrial on Daphniphyllum forest between 1400-1900 m.
Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1400 m, 11 September Dendrobium Sw. (ca. 1100/26/15 species)
2014, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P873 (KATH & TUCH). Dendrobium amoenum Wall. ex Lindl.; Callista amoena
[WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, (Wall. ex Lindl.) Kuntze
Assam-Burma, E Asia, SE Asia and Australasia]. Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii,
Cryptochilus Wall. (8/2/1 species) Daphniphyllum himalayense, Alnus nepalensis) between
1500-1800 m. Fl. May-Jun. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1700
Cryptochilus luteus Lindl.
m, 04 June 2014, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P507
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
(TUCH). [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-
himalayense, Quercus semecarpifolia, Lyonia ovalifolia)
Burma and S Asia].
between 1900-2500 m. Fl. Jun-Aug. Panchase forest, Kaski,
Dendrobium amplum Lindl.; Epigeneium amplum (Lindl.)
2200 m, 10 August 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P773
Summerh.
(KATH & TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya,
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
Assam-Burma, E Asia SE Asia].
himalayense) between 1800-1900 m. Fl. Aug-Oct. Panchase
Cymbidium Sw. (55/9/6 species) forest, Kaski, 1890 m, 06 October 2014, P. Bhandari P1239
Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw.; Epidendrum aloifolium L. (TUCH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, E Asia
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Castanopsis indica, and SE Asia].
Schima wallichii) or lithophytic to 1200 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. *Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C.Fisch.; Limodorum
Thulakhet to Harpan, Panchase, Kaski, 1200 m, 27 June aphyllum Roxb.
2018, P. Bhandari P1637 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Epiphytic on tree trunks (Castanopsis forest) up to 1400 m.
Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia and Fl. May-Jun. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia,
SE Asia]. SE Asia and Australasia].
Cymbidium elegans Lindl.; Cymbidium longifolium D.Don Dendrobium chryseum Rolfe
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii,
himalayense, Oak, Lindera pulcherrima) between 2000- Castanopsis indica) between 1100-1200 m. Fl. Aug-Sep.
2500 m. Fl. Oct-Jan. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2260 m, 05 Ghatichida to Makwanpur, Panchase forest, Kaski, 1100 m,
October 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1220 (TUCH). 15 September 2017, P. Bhandari, K. Shrestha, A. Bhandari,
[CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma and & M. Paudel, P1698 (KATH). [C Nepal, W Himalaya, E
E Asia]. Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl. *Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxton
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum Epiphytic on tree trunks (Castanopsis forest) up to 1400 m.
himalayense, Quercus semecarpifolia) between 2200-2300 Fl. Apr. [C Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma,
m. Fl. Oct-Nov. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2260 m, 05 October E Asia and SE Asia].
2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1219 (TUCH). [CE Nepal, *Dendrobium densiflorum Wall.
E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia Epiphytic on tree trunks on Castanopsis forest. Fl. Apr-May.
and SE Asia]. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E
Cymbidium × gammieanum King & Pantl.; Cyperorchis Asia and SE Asia].
gammieana (King & Pantl) Schltr. Dendrobium denudans D.Don
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
himalayense, Oak) at 2200 m. Fl. Oct-Nov. Panchase forest, Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii)
Kaski, 2200 m, 09 November 2002, A. Subedi, R.P. between 1500-1600 m. Fl. Aug-Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski,
Chaudhary & L.R. Shakya 1023 (TUCH!). [CE Nepal and E 1500 m, 10 September 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari
Himalaya]. P853 (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya and E Himalaya].
Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. Dendrobium eriiflorum Griff.
Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest floor between Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii,
1800-1900 m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1900 m, Castanopsis indica, Rhododendron arboreum, Alnus

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nepalensis, Albizia species) or lithophytic between 900-1900 Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1900 m, 05 October himalayense, Quercus lamellosa, Schima wallichii) between
2014, P. Bhandari P1549 (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, E 1500-2300 m. Fl. Nov-Dec. Panchase forest, 7500 ft., 1954,
Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia and SE Asia]. J.D.A. Stainton 9331 (BM, E n.v.). Panchase forest, Kaski,
Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex Lindl. 1800 m, 14 December 2015, P. Bhandari & K. Shrestha
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii, P1693 (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, E
Castanopsis indica, Lyonia ovalifolia) between 1300-1600 Asia and SE Asia].
m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1600 m, 20 March Galeola Lour. (10/1/1 species)
2015, P. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar & A. Bhandari P1283
Galeola lindleyana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Rchb.f.; Cyrtosia
(KATH & TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya,
lindleyana Hook.f. & J.W.Thomson
Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia].
Saprophytic growing Daphniphyllum forest floor at 1950
Dendrobium longicornu Lindl.
m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1950 m, 27 June 2018,
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
P. Bhandari P1656 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E
himalayense, Ilex species, Laurel, Eurya cerasifolia, Quercus
Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, E Asia and SE Asia].
lamellosa) between 1800-2500 m. Fl. Oct-Nov. Panchase
forest, Kaski, 1800 m, 04 October 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Gastrochilus D.Don (ca. 66/7/5 species)
Bhandari P1211 (TUCH). [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Gastrochilus affinis (King & Pantl.) Schltr.; Saccolabium
Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE affine King & Pantl.
Asia]. Epiphytic on lower branches (Quercus semecarpifolia,
*Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw.; Epidendrum Rhododendron arboreum, Lindera pulcherrima) above 2400
moniliforme L., Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl. m. Fl. May-Jun. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2490 m, 07 June
Epiphytic on Oak and Rhododendron forest. Fl. May-Jun. 2014, P. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar & R. Chhetri P600
[CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya and E Asia].
and SE Asia]. Gastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-Ham. ex Sm.) D.Don; Aerides
*Dendrobium moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw. calceolaris Buch.-Ham. ex Sm, Gastrochilus calceolaris var.
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Castanopsis forest) up to 1400 m. biflora L.R.Shakya & M.R.Shrestha
Fl. Jun-Jul. [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam- Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. himalayense, Castanopsis indica, Schima wallichii, Rhus
*Dendrobium polyanthum Wall. ex Lindl.; Dendrobium succadaena) between 1100-2000 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Panchase
primulinum Lindl. forest, Kaski, 1940 m, 21 March 2015, P. Bhandari, S.
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Castanopsis forest) up to 1400 m. Budhamagar & A. Bhandari P1288 (KATH & TUCH). [WCE
Fl. Apr. [WC Nepal, W Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-
and SE Asia]. Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Dendrobium porphyrochilum Lindl. Gastrochilus distichus (Lindl.) Kuntze; Saccolabium
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense, distichum Lindl.
Lindera pulcherrima, Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
ovalifolia, Quercus semecarpifolia, Symplocos ramosissima) himalayense, Neolitsea pallens, Quercus semecarpifolia,
between 2300-2500 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, Rhododendron arboreum, Berberis species) between 1800-
2500 m, 07 June 2014, P. Bhandari, R. Chhetri & S. 2500 m. Fl. Jan-Feb. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2500 m, 09
Budhamagar P599 (KATH & TUCH). [CE Nepal, E January 2015, P. Bhandari & Y.P. Paudel P1264 (TUCH).
Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau and
*Dendrobium transparens Wall. ex Lindl. E Asia].
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Castanopsis forest) up to 1400 m. Gastrochilus nepalensis Raskoti
Fl. May-Jun. [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Epiphytic on tree branches at about 2350 m. Fl. Mar. Above
Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. Deurali on the way to Kande, Kaski, 2350 m, 22 March 2007,
Dienia Lindl. (6/4/2 species) BB Raskoti 00745 (KATH!). Endemic to Panchase. Type:
Central Nepal, Kaski, above Deurali on the way to Kande,
Dienia ophrydis (J.Koenig) Seidenf.; Epidendrum ophrydis
2350 m, 22 March 2007, BB Raskoti 00745 (holotype:
J.Koenig, Malaxis ophrydis (J.Koenig) Ormerod
KATH!).
Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest floor between 900-
Gastrochilus pseudodistichus (King & Pantl.) Schltr.;
1500 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Ghatichida, Panchase forest, Kaski, 900
Saccolabium pseudodistichum King & Pantl.
m, 28 June 2018, P. Bhandari & B. Ojha P1663 (KATH).
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense,
[CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia,
Berberis bushes) between 1800-2500 m. Fl. Sep-Oct.
E Asia, SE Asia and Australasia].
Panchase forest, Kaski, 2020 m, 05 October 2014, P.
Eria Lindl. (ca. 54/3/1 species) Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1217 (TUCH). [C Nepal, E
Eria coronaria (Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Coelogyne coronaria Lindl. Himalaya, E Asia and SE Asia].

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Goodyera R.Br. (ca. 100/10/4 species) Herminium mackinonii Duthie

Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) Benth. ex C.B.Clarke; Georchis Epiphytic on tree trunk of Quercus semecarpifolia, Ilex
foliosa Lindl. fragilis between 2300-2500 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Panchase danda,
Terrestrial on Daphniphyllum and Oak forest floor between Kaski, 2500 m, 17 August 2015, P. Bhandari & S.
2000-2200 m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2100 m, Budhamagar P1452 (TUCH & KATH). [WCE Nepal, W
05 October 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1233 (TUCH). Himalaya and E Himalaya].
[CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Herminium souliei (Finet) Rolfe; Herminium angustifolium
Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. var. souliei Finet
Goodyera procera (Ker Gawl.) Hook.; Neottia procera Ker Terrestrial on grassy slopes at 2400 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Panchase
Gawl. forest, Kaski, 2400 m, 12 July 2008, B. Raskoti 515 (KATH).
Terrestrial on grassy slopes, roadsides, forest edges (Schima- [WCE Nepal, Tibetan Plateau and E Asia].
Castanopsis forest) between 900-1300 m. Fl. May-Jun. Liparis Rich. (ca. 436/18/5 species)
Panchase forest, Kaski, 900-1200 m, P. Bhandari P1449 Liparis bootanensis Griff.
(KATH). [WC Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Epiphytic on tree trunks of Quercus semecarpifolia at 1600-
Plateau, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia]. 2200 m. Fl. Aug-Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski, 02 August
Goodyera recurva Lindl. 2002, A. Subedi, R.P. Chaudhary & L.R. Shakya, 972
Epiphytic on tree trunks of Neolitsea pallens, Viburnum (TUCH!). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-
erubescens between 2300-2500 m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
forest, Kaski, 2300-2450 m, 11 September 2017, P. Bhandari Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl.; Ophrys nervosa Thunb.
& A. Bhandari P1610 (KATH). [C Nepal, E Himalaya and Terrestrial on the floor of Schima-Castanopsis forest at 1300
E Asia]. m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1300 m, 27 June 2018,
Goodyera viridiflora (Blume) Lindl. ex D.Dietr.; Neottia P. Bhandari P1660 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E
viridiflora Blume Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, S Asia, E Asia, SE Asia;
Terrestrial on the forest floor (Schima-Castanopsis, widespread in Old and New World tropics].
Daphniphyllum forest) between 1300-2000 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Liparis petiolata (D.Don) P.F.Hunt & Summerh.; Acianthus
Panchase forest, Kaski, 1300-2000 m, 17 August 2017, P. petiolatus D.Don
Bhandari and G. Thapamagar 1010P (KATH). [CE Nepal, Terrestrial on the forest floor (Oak-Rhododendron forest)
W Himalaya, E Himalaya, E Asia, SE Asia and Australasia]. between 2300-2500 m. Fl. Jul-Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski,
Habenaria Willd. (ca. 891/18/1 species) 2410 m, 10 August 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P765
Habenaria intermedia D.Don (TUCH & KATH). [C Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau,
Terrestrial on grassy slopes between 2000-2300 m. Fl. Jul- E Asia and SE Asia].
Aug. Bhanjyang, Panchase, Kaski, 2000 m, 18 August 2015, Liparis resupinata Ridl.
P. Bhandari 1448 (KATH). [WC Nepal, W Himalaya and Epiphytic on tree trunks (Alnus nepalensis, Macaranga
Tibetan Plateau]. pustulata, Daphniphyllum himalayense, Lyonia ovalifolia,
Rhododendron arboreum) between 1500-2100 m. Fl. Oct-
Hemipilia Lindl. (12/1/1 species)
Jan. Bhadaure Deurali, Panchase, Kaski, 1850 m, 08 January
Hemipilia cordifolia Lindl. 2015, P. Bhandari & Y.P. Paudel P1250 (KATH & TUCH).
Terrestrial on temperate grassy slopes at 2100 m. Fl. Jul- [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau and
Aug. Bhanjyang, Panchase, Kaski, 2100 m, 27 July 2002, E Asia].
A. Subedi 960 (TUCH!). [WC Nepal, W Himalaya, E *Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl.
Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma and E Asia]. Epiphytic on Oak. Fl. Nov-Dec. [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E
Herminium L. (50/24/4 species) Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia,
Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Vuijk; Ophrys lancea SE Asia and Australasia].
Thunb. ex Sw. Luisia Gaudich. (ca. 44/2/1 species)
Terrestrial on grassy slopes and forest floor (Daphniphyllum Luisia tristis (G.Forst.) Hook.f.; Epidendrum triste G.Forst
forest) between 1800-2000 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Sidhane, Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii, Castanopsis
Bhadaure Tamage VDC, Kaski, 1820 m, 09 August 2014, P. indica, Ficus religiosa, Bombax ceiba) between 900-1200
Bhandari & A. Bhandari P735 (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W m. Fl. Apr-May. Thulakhet, Panchase, Kaski, 1200 m, 27
Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, Assam-Burma, E Asia June 2018, P. Bhandari P1641 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W
and SE Asia]. Himalaya, E Himalaya and S Asia].
*Herminium latilabre (Lindl.) X.H.Jin, Schuit, Raskoti &
Mycaranthes Blume (37/1/1 species)
L.Q.Huang; Platanthera latilabris Lindl.
Terrestrial on grassy slopes between 1700-2100 m. Fl. Jul. Mycaranthes floribunda (D.Don) S.C.Chen & J.J.Wood.;
[WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau and Dendrobium floribundum D.Don
E Asia]. Epiphytic on tree trunks and upper branches (Schima

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wallichii, Castanopsis indica, Lyonia ovalifolia, Diospyrus Rchb.f.

lancifolia) between 900-1500 m. Fl. Apr-May. Between Epiphytic on tree branches and trunks (Lyonia ovalifolia,
Ghatichida to Damdame, Panchase, Kaski, 900-1000 m, 06 Schima wallichii) between 1300-1600 m. Fl. Mar-Apr.
May 2018, P. Bhandari P1623 (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Bhadaure Deurali, Kaski, 1600 m, 20 March 2015, P.
Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar & A. Bhandari P1272 (KATH &
Neottia Guett. (72/8/1 species) TUCH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, S Asia, E
Asia and SE Asia].
Neottia longicaulis (King & Pantl.) Szlach.; Listera longicaulis
Oberonia pachyrachis Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.
King & Pantl.
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii) between 1300-
Terrestrial on Oak-Rhododendron forest floor between 2400-
1600 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Harpan, Kaski, 1360 m, 22 March
2500 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2400-2500 m,
2015, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P1332 (KATH &
27 June 2018, P. Bhandari P1711, KATH030407. [WC
TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan
Nepal, E Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau].
Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Nervilia Comm. ex Gaudich. (75/6/2 species) Oberonia recurva Lindl.; Oberonia parvula King & Pantl.
Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Moritzi) Seidenf.; Bolborchis Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii) between 1300-
crociformis Zoll. & Moritzi 1400 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Harpan, Kaski, 1360 m, 22 March
Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest floor between 900- 2015, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P1333 (KATH &
1000 m. Fl. Apr-May. Ghatichida, Panchase forest, Kaski, TUCH). [C Nepal, E Himalaya and E Asia].
900-1000 m, 28 June 2018, P. Bhandari & B. Ojha P1635 Odontochilus Blume (ca. 55/4/4 species)
(KATH). [E Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, E Asia, SE
Odontochilus crispus (Lindl.) Hook.f.; Anoectochilus crispus
Asia, Africa and Australasia].
Lindl.
Nervilia macroglossa (Hook.f.) Schltr.; Pogonia macroglossa
Terrestrial on Daphniphyllum forest floor at 1900 m. Fl. Aug-
Hook.f.
Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1900 m, 17 August 2017, P.
Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest floor at 1300 m.
fl. Apr-May. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1300 m, 27 June 2018, Bhandari, K. Shrestha, G. Thapamagar & D. Pathak 1006P
P. Bhandari P1659 (KATH). [E Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam- (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau and E
Burma and SE Asia]. Asia].
Odontochilus elwesii C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.
Oberonia Lindl. (ca. 306/18/7 species) Terrestrial on the forest floor, near streamside
*Oberonia acaulis Lindl.; Oberonia myriantha Lindl. (Daphniphyllum forest) at 1900 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Panchase
Epiphytic on tree branches within 1400-1800 m. Fl. Sep- forest, Kaski, 1900 m, 20 July 2018, P. Bhandari P1702,
Oct. [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, KATH030406. [C Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia
Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. and SE Asia].
Oberonia ensiformis (Sm.) Lindl.; Malaxis ensiformis Sm. Odontochilus lanceolatus (Lindl.) Blume; Anoectochilus
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii, Castanopsis lanceolatus Lindl.
indica) between 1400-1800 m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Terrestrial on the forest floor and rock crevices
Kaski, 1400-1800 m, P. Bhandari 1495 (KATH). [CE Nepal, (Daphniphyllum himalayense, Quercus lamellosa) between
W Himalaya, E Himalaya, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia]. 1700-2100 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1700 m,
Oberonia falcata King & Pantl. 17 August 2017, P. Bhandari, K. Shrestha, G. Thapamagar
Epiphytic on tree trunks, branches and shrubs & D. Pathak P1669 (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya,
(Daphniphyllum himalayense, Quercus lamellosa, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia].
Rhododendron arboreum, Berberis species) between 1700- Odontochilus nandae Raskoti & H.Kurzweil
2300 m. Fl. Jul-Sep. Sidhane, Bhadaure Tamage VDC, Kaski, Terrestrial on the forest floor (Daphniphyllum forest, Oak-
1820 m, 09 August 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P736 Rhododendron forest) between 2100-2400 m. Fl. Jul-Aug.
(KATH & TUCH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, E Asia and SE Panchase forest, Kaski, 2100-2400 m, 17 August 2017, P.
Asia]. Bhandari, K. Shrestha, G. Thapamagar & D. Pathak 1009P
Oberonia nepalensis L.R.Shakya & R.P.Chaudhary (KATH). Endemic to Panchase. Type: Kaski, Panchase,
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Schima wallichii, Castanopsis 2400 m, BB Raskoti 119 (holotype: KATH!).
indica, Ficus lacor, Albizia species) between 900-1500 m.
Otochilus Lindl. (5/4/3 species)
Fl. Mar-Apr. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1460 m, 22 March 2015,
P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P1329 (KATH & TUCH). *Otochilus albus Lindl.
Endemic to Central Nepal. Type: Kaski, Pokhara (around Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Schima
Annapurna Conservation Zone), ca. 1100 m, L.R. Shakya, wallichii, Castanopsis indica) between 1000-1700 m. Fl.
R.L. Singh & R.P. Chaudhary 27 (holotype: KATH!; isotype: Oct-Nov. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia
TUCH!). and SE Asia].
Oberonia obcordata Lindl.; Malaxis obcordata (Lindl.) Otochilus fuscus Lindl.

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Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum Aerides taenialis Lindl., Kingidium taenialis (Lindl.)
himalayense) between 1700-1900 m. Fl. Dec-Jan. Bhadaure P.F.Hunt
Deurali, Kaski, 1850 m, 08 January 2015, P. Bhandari & Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Ficus neerifolia, F.
Y.P. Paudel P1252 (TUCH & KATH). [CE Nepal, E lacor, F. glaberrima) between 1400-1800 m. Fl. Apr-Jul.
Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. Bhadaure Deurali, Panchase, Kaski, 1650 m, 05 May 2018,
Otochilus lancilabius Seidenf. P. Bhandari P1622 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE
himalayense, Oak, Castanopsis species, Schima wallichii, Asia].
Lyonia ovalifolia, Rhus succedanea, Engelhardia spicata, Pholidota Lindl. (40/5/4 species)
Myrica esculenta, Diospyrus lancifolia) between 900-2400
Pholidota articulata Lindl.; Coelogyne articulata (Lindl.)
m. Fl. Dec-Jan. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2350 m, 13 December Rchb.f.
1973, D.P. Joshi & M.M. Amatya 73/1171 (KATH). [WCE Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Quercus lamellosa,
Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam- Daphniphyllum himalayense, Rhododendron arboreum,
Burma and SE Asia]. Alnus nepalensis, Engelhardia spicata, Ilex fragilis, Lindera
Panisea (Lindl.) Lindl. (13/3/2 species) pulcherrima, Schima wallichii) between 1100-1800 m. Fl.
Panisea demissa (D.Don) Pfitzer; Dendrobium demissum Jul-Aug. Panchase forest, Kaski, 02 August 2014, A. Subedi,
D.Don 973 (TUCH!). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya,
Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Daphniphyllum Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
himalayense, Quercus lamellosa) between 2100-2300 m. Fl. *Pholidota imbricata Hook.
Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2260 m, 05 October 2014, Epiphytic on Schima-Castanopsis forest between 1000-1800
P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1221 (KATH & TUCH). [CE m. Fl. Jul-Aug. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S
Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia, E Asia and SE Asia].
Asia]. Pholidota pallida Lindl.
Panisea panchaseensis Subedi Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Castanopsis indica,
Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Laurels, Schima wallichii, Engelhardia spicata, Myrica esculenta)
Quercus lamellosa, Viburnum erubescens) between 2300- or lithophytic between 1100-1400 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase
2450 m. Fl. Nov-Dec. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2300-2450 forest, Kaski, 1200-1400 m, 06 June 2017, P. Bhandari & A.
m, 14 December 2015, P. Bhandari & K. Shrestha P1710 m Bhandari P1665 (KATH). [WCE Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-
(KATH). [C Nepal and E Himalaya]. Panchase is the type Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
locality for this species. Type: Kaski, Panchase forest, 2200- Pholidota protracta Hook.f.
2450 m, A. Subedi 1780 (holotype: KATH n.v.). Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense,
Rhododendron arboreum, Ilex species) between 1900-2100
Papilionanthe Schltr. (10/2/1 species)
m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2020 m, 05 October
Papilionanthe uniflora (Lindl.) Garay; Mesoclastes uniflora 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1218 (TUCH & KATH).
Lindl. [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum Asia and SE Asia].
himalayense, Ilex fragilis) between 2000-2100 m. Fl. Sep-
Phreatia Lindl. (ca. 219/1/1 species)
Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2100 m, 05 October 2014, P.
Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1236 (TUCH). [CE Nepal and E Phreatia elegans Lindl.; Thelasis elegans (Lindl.) Blume
Himalaya]. Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum
himalayense) between 1600-1700 m. Fl. Aug-Sep. Chapakot
Peristylus Blume (103/11/1 species)
VDC, Panchase Protected Forest, Kaski, 1600 m, 09 August
Peristylus aristatus Lindl. 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P721 (TUCH & KATH).
Terrestrial on grassy slopes and Daphniphyllum forest [C Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, S Asia and SE Asia].
between 1600-2100 m. Fl. Aug-Sep. Panchase forest, Kaski, Pinalia Lindl. (ca. 160/18/8 species)
1900 m, 07 September 2014, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar
P788 (TUCH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya and S Asia]. *Pinalia amica (Rchb.f.) Kuntze; Eria amica Rchb.f.
Epiphytic on Shorea robusta forest within 900-1200 m. Fl.
Phalaenopsis Blume (74/3/2 species) Mar-Apr. [C Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-
*Phalaenopsis difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Kocyan & Schuit.; Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Aerides difformis Wall. ex Lindl., Ornithochilus difformis *Pinalia apertiflora (Summerh.) A.N.Rao; Eria apertiflora
(Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr. Summerh.
Epiphytic on tree trunks between 1500-1700 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Epiphytic on Schima-Castanopsis and Daphniphyllum forest
[CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia within 1400-1800 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. [WCE Nepal, E Himalaya,
and SE Asia]. Assam-Burma and SE Asia].
Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & Pradhan; Pinalia bipunctata (Lindl.) Kuntze; Eria bipunctata Lindl.

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Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii, 2015, P. Bhandari & Y.P. Paudel P1257 (TUCH & KATH).
Daphniphyllum himalayense, Engelhardia spicata) between [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau,
1400-1800 m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1500 m, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
10 September 2014, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P852 Pleione praecox (Sm.) D.Don; Epidendrum praecox Sm.
(TUCH & KATH). [C Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, E Epiphytic on tree trunks, lower and middle branches
Asia and SE Asia]. (Daphniphyllum himalayense, Oak, Rhododendron
*Pinalia bractescens (Lindl.) Kuntze; Eria bractescens Lindl. arboreum, Lyonia ovalifolia, Laurel, Viburnum erubescens)
Epiphytic on Schima-Castanopsis and Daphniphyllum forest between 2100-2500 m. Fl. Sep-Nov. Panchase forest, Kaski,
within 1400-1800 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. [CE Nepal, Assam-Burma 2300 m, November 2002, A. Subedi, R.P. Chaudhary & L.R.
and SE Asia]. Shakya 996 (TUCH!). [CE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya,
Pinalia excavata (Lindl.) Kuntze; Eria excavata Lindl. Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia].
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Quercus Podochilus Blume (65/1/1 species)
semecarpifolia, Rhododendron arboreum, Daphniphyllum
Podochilus cultratus Lindl.
himalayense) within 2300-2500 m. Fl. May-Jun. Panchase
Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Schima
forest, Kaski, 2300 m, 02 August 2002, A. Subedi 957
wallichii, Castanopsis indica) between 900-1000 m. Fl. Jul-
(TUCH!). [C Nepal, E Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau].
Aug. Makwanpur to Ghatichida, Panchase forest, Kaski, 900-
Pinalia graminifolia (Lindl.) Kuntze; Eria graminifolia Lindl.
1000 m, 24 August 2016, P. Bhandari P1613 (KATH). [CE
Epiphytic on branches (Rhododendron arboreum, Quercus
Nepal, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma and SE Asia].
semecarpifolia, Lyonia ovalifolia, Daphniphyllum
himalayense) between 2300-2500 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Panchase Porpax Lindl. (53/4/2 species)
forest, Kaski, 2500 m, 10 August 2014, P. Bhandari & A. Porpax elwesii (Rchb.f.) Rolfe; Eria elwesii Rchb.f.
Bhandari P757 (TUCH & KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Epiphytic on tree trunks and lower branches (Schima
Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma and E Asia]. wallichii, Castanopsis indica) between 900-1000 m. Fl. Jun-
Pinalia pokharensis (Bajrach., Subedi & K.K.Shrestha) Jul. Below Damdame, Panchase, Kaski, 900-1000 m, 22 July
Schuit., Y.P.Ng & H.A.Pedersen, Eria pokharensis Bajrach., 2018, P. Bhandari P1630 (KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya,
Subedi & K.K.Shrestha E Asia and SE Asia].
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense, Porpax muscicola (Lindl.) Schuit, Y.P.Ng & H.A.Pedersen;
Lindera pulcherrima, Quercus lamellosa) between 2000- Dendrobium muscicola Lindl., Conchidium muscicola
2100 m. Fl. Jun-Jul. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2020 m, 06 June (Lindl.) Rauschert, Eria muscicola (Lindl.) Lindl.
2017, P. Bhandari & A. Bhandari P1666 (KATH). Endemic Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense,
to Central Nepal. Type: Kaski, Lumle, Pokhara, 900-1000 Schima wallichii, Lyonia ovalifolia, Myrica esculenta) or
m, DM Bajracharya & A. Subedi CN220 (holotype: KATH!). lithophytic between 1300-1500 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Bhadaure
Pinalia spicata (D.Don) S.C.Chen & J.J.Wood; Octomeria Deurali, Kaski, 1500 m, 10 September 2014, P. Bhandari &
spicata D.Don, Eria spicata (D.Don) Hand.-Mazz. S. Budhamagar P854 (KATH & TUCH). [CE Nepal, W
Epiphytic on tree trunk and branches (Schima wallichii, Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E Asia and
Castanopsis indica, Daphniphyllum himalayense, Bombax SE Asia].
ceiba, Diospyrus lancifolia) between 900-2200 m. Fl. Jul- Rhynchostylis Blume (5/1/1 species)
Aug. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1500-2000 m, 14 August 2017, Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume; Epidendrum retusum L.
P. Bhandari, A. Bhandari, K. Shrestha, G. Thapamagar & D. Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Castanopsis indica,
Pathak 1001P (KATH). [C Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Ficur lacor, Ficus religiosa, Diospyrus lancifolia) between
Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia]. 1000-1800 m. Fl. Jun-Aug. Harpan, Panchase, Kaski, 1340
Platanthera Rich. (123/13/1 species) m, 22 March 2015, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar P1334
Platanthera biermanniana (King & Pantl.) Kraenzl.; (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-
Habenaria biermanniana King & Pantl. Burma, S Asia, E Asia and SE Asia].
Terrestrial on grassy slopes, edges of Oak forest between Satyrium Sw. (91/1/1 species)
2300-2400 m. Fl. Sep-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2300- Satyrium nepalense D.Don var. nepalense
2400 m, 08 October 2017, P. Bhandari, G. Thapamagar & Terrestrial on grassy slopes, sometimes epiphytic
D. Pathak P1704 (KATH). [CE Nepal and E Himalaya]. (Daphniphyllum himalayense, Quercus semecarpifolia,
Pleione D.Don (24/5/2 species) Symplocos ramosissima, Viburnum erubescens) between
Pleione humilis (Sm.) D.Don; Epidendrum humile Sm. 2200-2500 m. Fl. Aug-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2280-
Epiphytic on tree trunks, lower and middle branches 2500 m, 09 September 2014, P. Bhandari & S. Budhamagar
(Daphniphyllum himalayense, Oak, Lyonia ovalifolia, P752 (TUCH & KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E
Rhododendron arboreum, Laurel, Ilex fragilis, Symplocos Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, S Asia and E
ramosissima, Viburnum erubescens) between 2100-2500 m. Asia].
Fl. Jan-Mar. Panchase forest, Kaski, 2500 m, 09 January Spiranthes Rich. (37/2/2 species)

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Spiranthes australis (R.Br.) Lindl.; Neottia australis R.Br.; himalayense, Quercus semecarpifolia, Berberis scrubs)
Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena (M.Bieb.) H.Hara between 1800-2400 m. Fl. Apr-Jun. Bhanjyang to Panchase,
Terrestrial on grassy slopes, edges of Daphniphyllum forest Kaski, 2100-2400 m, 06 May 2018, P. Bhandari P1627
between 1800-2200 m. Fl. Aug-Oct. Panchase forest, Kaski, (KATH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan
1800-2200 m, 07 September 2014, P. Bhandari & S. Plateau and E Asia].
Budhamagar P789 (TUCH). [WCE Nepal, W Himalaya, E Zeuxine Lindl. (76/10/4 species)
Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam-Burma, E Asia, SE Asia,
Zeuxine affinis (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f.; Monochilus affinis
N Asia, SW Asia and Australasia].
Lindl.
Spiranthes flexuosa (Sm.) Lindl.; Neottia flexuosa Sm.
Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest floor between 900-
Terrestrial on grass slopes and Schima-Castanopsis forest
1100 m. Fl. Mar-Apr. Panchase forest, Kaski, 900-1100 m,
edges between 1300-1700 m. Fl. Apr-May. Between 17 March 2018, P. Bhandari P1700 (KATH). [C Nepal, W
Damdame to Sidhane, Panchase, Kaski, 1300-1400 m, 06 Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
May 2018, P. Bhandari P1619 (KATH). [C Nepal, SW Asia Zeuxine flava (Wall. ex Lindl.) Trimen; Monochilus flavus
and Europe]. Wall. ex Lindl.
Taeniophyllum Blume (241/1/1 species) Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest floor between 900-
Taeniophyllum scaberulum Hook.f. 1100 m. Fl. Feb-Mar. Panchase forest, Kaski, 900 m, 17
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Daphniphyllum himalayense, Ilex March 2018, P. Bhandari P1701 (KATH). [CE Nepal, W
excelsa) between 1700-2000 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Panchase forest, Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, E Asia and SE Asia].
Kaski, 1940 m, 21 March 2015, P. Bhandari, A. Bhandari & Zeuxine longilabris Trimen
S. Budhamagar P1286 (KATH). [C Nepal and S Asia (S Terrestrial on Schima-Castanopsis forest floor between 900-
India)]. 1000 m. Fl. Apr-May. Ghatichida, Panchase, Kaski, 900-
1000 m, 06 May 2018, P. Bhandari P1618 (KATH). [C Nepal,
Tainia Blume (29/1/1 species)
Assam-Burma and S Asia].
Tainia minor Hook.f. Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr.; Orchis strateumatica L.
Terrestrial on Daphniphyllum forest floor between 1900- Terrestrial on grassy slopes, near water bodies between 900-
2100 m. Fl. May-Jun. Panchase forest, Kaski, 1900 m, 02 1000 m. Fl. Feb-Mar. Ghatichida, Panchase, Kaski, 900-1000
June 2014, P. Bhandari, S. Budhamagar & C.K. Thakur, P441 m, 14 February 2017, P. Bhandari P1603 (KATH). [WCE
(KATH). [CE Nepal, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, Assam- Nepal, W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Assam-Burma, S Asia, E
Burma and E Asia]. Asia, SE Asia, SW Asia, S America and Australasia].
Thunia Rchb.f. (5/1/1 species) Note: ‘*’ denote the species cited from Subedi et al. (2007).
Thunia alba (Lindl.) Rchb.f.; Phaius albus Lindl.
Format of Checklist
var. bracteata (Roxb.) N.Pearce & P.J.Cribb; Limodorum
Genus (species number distributed worldwide/Nepal/
bracteatum Roxb.
Panchase)
Epiphytic on tree trunks (Ficus neerifolia, Ficus lacor, Eurya
Species; Basionym, Synonyms
acuminata, Castanopsis indica, Diospyrus lancifolia, Schima
Habit/Habitat, Ecology (forest types, Host), Altitude.
wallichii) between 900-1800 m. Fl. Jul-Aug. Tarebhir, Pumdi Endemism (if endemic to Nepal). Flowering month.
Bhumdi VDC, Kaski, 1460 m, 08 August 2014, P. Bhandari Representative collection. [Broad distribution]. Type (if
& A. Bhandari P685 (TUCH). [C Nepal, E Himalaya, SE endemic to Panchase).
Asia].
Vanda Jones ex R.Br. (81/7/1 species)
Conclusion
Vanda cristata Wall. ex Lindl.; Aerides cristata (Wall. ex
Lindl.) Wall. ex Hook.f. This paper attempted to revise the species status on
Epiphytic on tree trunks and branches (Schima wallichii,
Ficus lacor, Prunus cerasoides, Daphniphyllum
orchids of Panchase and reported 143 orchid taxa,
himalayense, Alnus nepalensis, Albizia species, Castanopsis with three endemic to the forest. Representing, nearly
indica, Diospyrus lancifolia, Engelhardia spicata, Ilex one third orchid species (28%) of Nepal, Panchase
excelsa, Phoebe species) between 900-1900 m. Fl. May-Jun. can be regarded as a hotspot of orchid diversity in
Panchase forest, Kaski, 1510 m, 04 June 2014, P. Bhandari, Nepal and the forest should be conserved in the form
S. Budhamagar & R. Chhetri P511a (TUCH). [WCE Nepal,
W Himalaya, E Himalaya, Tibetan Plateau, S Asia, E Asia
of ‘Panchase Orchid Sanctuary’.
and SE Asia].
The way forward
Vandopsis Pfitzer (4/1/1 species)
Vandopsis undulata (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.; Vanda undulata Lindl. Orchid explorations have been frequently carried out
Epiphytic on trunks and branches (Daphniphyllum in Panchase but the research on the spatial and

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temporal distribution of orchid, the ecosystem Forest, Kaski District (Central Nepal). (Master’s
services, their conservation and threat status in Thesis). Central Department of Botany,
Panchase are lacking. The fulfilment of these gaps Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu.
could give compelling information on orchids of Bhandari, P., Budhamagar, S. & Shrestha, K.K.
Panchase and Central Nepal. (2016-18). A Checklist of Flowering Plants of
Panchase Protected Forest, Kaski District, Central
Acknowledgements Nepal. Journal of Natural History Museum, 30,
This research was financially supported by The 55-84.
Rufford Foundation (Ref. 22182–1) and Nepal Bhandari, P., Karki, S. & Budhamagar, S. (2016a).
Academy of Science and Technology (NAST Grant A new locality record for the endemic Panisea
number 4-2075/076). We would like to express our panchaseensis Subedi (Orchidaceae) in Nepal.
sincere thanks to Prof. Krishna Kumar Shrestha, Pleione, 10(1), 183-185.
Prof. Ram Prasad Chaudhary and Dr. Janita Gurung Bhandari, P., Raskoti, B.B. & Shrestha, K.K. (2015).
for their suggestions during the research design and Pheretia elegans Lindley (Orchidaceae)- a new
data collection. We are indebted to Curators and record for the flora of Nepal. Pleione, 9(2), 365-
staffs of KATH and TUCH for facilitating the 368.
examination of the specimens. Mr. Ashish Bhandari,
Ms. Gyanu Magar, Mr. Dipesh Pathak, Mr. Mandip Bhandari, P., Shakya, L.R. & Chaudhary, R.P.
Paudel, and Mr. Hira Lal Gurung are acknowledged (2019a). Zeuxine lindleyana (Orchidaceae) - A
for their help in data collection. New Record for the Flora of Nepal. The Journal
of Japanese Botany, 94(1), 45-46.
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