Solution

PRACTICE PAPER

Class 10 - Science
Section A
1.
(c) SO2 is oxidising agent and H2S is reducing agent.
Explanation:
SO2 is oxidising agent and H2S is reducing agent.
In this reaction, sulfur dioxide loses an oxygen atom and is reduced to sulfur, while hydrogen sulfide gains an oxygen atom and
is oxidized to water.

2.
(d) B, C and D
Explanation:
When sodium sulphate reacts with barium chloride solution, barium sulphate which is an insoluble product (i.e., precipitate)
and two moles of sodium chloride are formed.
N a2 SO4 (aq) + BaC l2 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) ↓ + 2N aC l(aq)
(insouble)

Here, exchange of ions takes place.

3.
(b) basic → acidic → basic
Explanation:
basic → acidic → basic

4.

(b)

Explanation:

5.
(d) Magnesium is below calcium but above aluminium
Explanation:
Magnesium is below calcium but above aluminium

6.
(d) Gallium

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 Explanation:
Gallium

7.
(b) Propanal
Explanation:
This compound has -CHO as active radical. It's an aldehyde. Hence, -al suffix is used.

8.
(d) Transpiration: creates a suction force which pulls water inside the plant.
Explanation:
The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant is known as transpiration. A process known as
transpiration pull causes it to pull water from the roots to the leaves.

9. (a) 46
Explanation:
46
10.
(b) Rose, root
Explanation:
Rose vegetative part is stem.

11.
(c) Friedrich
Explanation:
DNA isolation is a process of purification of DNA from a sample using a combination of physical and chemical methods. The
first isolation of DNA was done in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher.

12. (a) The villi of the small intestine absorb water from the unabsorbed food before it gets removed from the body via the anus.
Explanation:
The villi of the small intestine absorb water from the unabsorbed food before it gets removed from the body via the anus.
13.
(b) zero
Explanation:
When two parallel wires carry equal currents in the same direction and are placed horizontally, the magnetic fields produced by
these wires cancel each other out at the midpoint between them. This results in a net magnetic field of zero at point P. This
phenomenon is due to the equal and opposite directions of the magnetic fields produced by the two wires, leading to their
complete cancellation at the midpoint.

14.
(c) 15000 J
Explanation:
The heat developed in 30 seconds is 15000 Joules.

15.
(d) Incineration
Explanation:
Incineration is the process of burning substances under aerobic conditions at high temperature (usually more than 1000oC) in a
closed unit called incinerator.

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16.
(c) 2 trophic levels
Explanation:
2 trophic levels

17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
18.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
In sexual reproduction the offsprings, although similar to their parents, are not identical to them or to one another. This is
because the offsprings receive some genes from the mother and some from the father. Because of the mixing of genes of
mother and father in various different combinations, all the offsprings have genetic variations means that a species can adapt
more quickly to changes in its environment. This is because there are always likely to be some individuals which are more
suited to the changes than others, and these individuals will survive and reproduce themselves.
Sexual reproduction plays an important role in the origin of new species having different characteristics.

19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The low electrical resistance of copper makes it a good conductor for electricity.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
At each trophic level in a food chain, organisms use some of the energy they consume for their own metabolism, growth, and
reproduction. However, a significant portion of the energy is lost as heat during these processes
Section B
21. When an organic acid and alcohol reacts ester is formed by the process is known as esterification reaction for e.g. formation of
ethyl ethanoate which is a ester of ethanoic acid and ethanol. Reaction is given as:
Conc. H2 S O4

C H3 C OOH +C H 2 C H3 OH −−−−−−−−→C H 3 C OOC H2 C H3 + H2O

Ethanoic acid Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate

Ester is used in preparing perfumes and flavouring agents.

22. Sometimes in organisms like Planaria and Hydra, their parts of the body are accidentally cut such as when its body gets entangled
under rocks, in order to escape from under the rocks it cuts its body into tiny bits. These peices can grow into a complete
organism. This is known as regeneration.
Regeneration is carried out by specialised cells. these cells proliferate and make large number of cells. From this mass of cells,
different cells undergo changes to become various cell types and tissues. These changes take place in an organised sequence
reffered to as development. However, regeneration is not same as reproduction, since most organisms would not normally depend
on being cut up to be able to reproduce.
23. i. Peristaltic movements
Muscles contract rhythmically in order to push the food forward in a regulated manner to be digested properly.
ii. Gall bladder
Two roles:
Emulsification of fats
Makes the acidic medium alkaline.
OR
Haemoglobin is a respirator pigment responsible for O2 transport.
Consequences:
i. Can affect the O2 supplying capacity of blood to the tissues
ii. Causes anaemia.
24. Ray diagrams:

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25. i. aquatic
ii. abiotic
iii. non living organisms
iv. living organisms
v. Ecosystem is a system, or a group of interconnected elements, formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with
their environment.
OR
Decomposers : Micro-organisms which break up the dead complex organic matter into simpler form. They play a crucial role in
recycling nutrients back into the environment, making them available for other organisms to use. Common decomposers include
bacteria, fungi, and certain types of insects.
Consequences:
i. No nutrient recycling
ii. Natural cleaning will not occur (Natural scavenger)
26. i. In case of monochromatic light, the ray will bend due to refraction but it will not show the dispersion of light.

ii. If narrow beam of monochromatic light is replaced with a beam of white light, a combination of narrow beam of seven colour
will come out. The phenomenon of splitting of white light into its seven constituent colours when it passes through a glass
prism is called dispersion of white light. The various colours seen are Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red.
The different component colour of light bends at a different angle w.r.t the incident angle.

Section C
27. i. Q is the most reactive metal out of P, R and Q as it has replaced both P and R from their compounds.
ii. R is the least reactive element as it has been displaced by both P and Q.
iii. The type of reaction is Displacement reaction.
28. Aluminium is more reactive than zinc hence it displaces zinc from zinc sulphate solution and forms silvery white zinc metal. The
reaction is as follows:

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 3ZnSO4 (aq) + 2Al(s) → Al2 (SO4 ) (aq)
3
+ 3Zn(s)
Z inc sulphate Alu min ium Alu min ium sulphate

OR
Zinc is more reactive than copper. Hence, when a zinc plate is kept in a solution of copper sulphate, it slowly displaces copper
from the solution and blue colour of the solution keeps fading away. Because of zinc going into solution as zinc sulphate, a
number of holes are seen in the zinc plate. The reaction is
C uSO4 (aq) + Zn(s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + C u(s)
Blue Colourless

29. If leaves of a healthy potted plant are coated with vaseline, it will clog the stomatal pores on leaves. Blockage of stomatal will
stop transpiration and exchange of gases from leaves. Transpiration plays an important role in ascent of sap in plants. Hence, lack
of transpiration will stop ascent of sap. Moreover, stoppage of exchange of gases would also stop respiration and photosynthesis in
leaves. This will result in death of leaves and finally the plant would die due to lack of food.
30. i. In first generation progeny (F1 progeny) all plants with round seeds.
ii. In second generation progeny (F2 progeny) all plants with round and wrinkled seeds.
iii. (i) Tall and drawrf plants.
(ii) Yellow and green seeds.
(iii) White and purple flowers.
31. i. The position of object AB would have been beyond 2F1.

ii. Size of the object would have been bigger than the size of image.
32. According to Ohm's law, the potential difference (V) across the ends of a resistor is directly proportional to the current (I) flowing
through it provided its temperature remains the same.

i.e., V ∝ I
or = constant = R
V

or V = RI
Here R is a constant for the given resistor at a given temperature and is called its resistance.
The SI unit of resistance is ohm (Ω ).
A straight line that travels through the origin represents a graph between the potential difference between a resistor's two ends and
the current that flows through it. This graph's slope provides the resistor's resistance R.
We test the potential difference across two resistor ends at various currents flowing through it in an electric circuit to confirm
Ohm's law. An ammeter is connected in series with the resistor to measure the current flowing through it. By placing a voltmeter
in parallel with the resistor, the potential difference between its two ends may be determined.
A straight-line graph obtained between V and I verify the ohm's law.

33. Advantages of connecting electrical appliances in Parallel with the mains Instead of connecting them in series are
i. The voltage across each electrical device are same.

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 ii. Separate on/off switches can be applied across each appliances.
iii. If one electrical device is damaged. It will not affect the other devices.
Section D
34. i. Hydrogen ions are created in the presence of water when an acid and water are combined. The acidified water is a good
conductor of electricity because of the presence of these ions.
ii. potassium hydroxide reacts with water when it dissolves in it.
+ −
KOH(s) + H2 O ⟶ K (aq) + OH (aq)

iii. A highly exothermic reaction occurs when an acid or a base dissolves in water. Mixing concentrated nitric acid with water
requires caution. Always slowly pour the acid into the water while stirring constantly. The heat produced when water is added
to a concentrated acid can cause the mixture to splash out and hurt people's bums. Additionally, excessive local heating could
cause the glass container to shatter.
OR
i. A : CH3COOH (Acetic acid) . It is obtained by oxidation of ethanol.
O

||

ii. B : C H − C − O C H (Ethyl ethanoate) . the reaction is esterification reaction.

3 2 5

iii. C : C H C OON a (Sodium ethanoate). The reaction is saponification reaction.

3

iv. D : CO2 (Carbon dioxide) .

v. E : Na (Sodium)
35. Process of fertilization :
i. 1. On reaching the stigma, pollen grain germinates carrying the two male gametes in pollen tube.
ii. 2. The first male gamete fuses with the egg cell, present in the embryo sac resulting in formation of zygote.
iii. 3. The second male gamete fuses with secondary nucleus and result in formation of primary endosperm nucleus this is known
as double fertilisation.
iv. 4. After fertilisation, the ovule develops and converts into a seed containing embryo the embryo is the future plant and when it
is provided with suitable conditions like water air and optimum temperature, it develops into a seedling.

i. The ovary grows rapidly and ripens to form a fruit the fruit and closes the seeds the seed contains embryo which has a plumule
and a radicle. radicle give rise to root and plumule gives rise to shoot.
ii. Ovule forms the embryonal axis inside the seed.
OR
Central - Brain and Spinal cord: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is the control center
of the nervous system and is responsible for processing sensory information, initiating voluntary movements, regulating
involuntary functions (such as heartbeat and respiration), and higher cognitive functions (such as thinking, memory, and
emotions).
Peripheral - cranial nerves and spinal nerves: The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerves and ganglia (clusters of
nerve cell bodies) outside of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body,
including muscles, glands, and sensory organs.
Protection of the Components of the Central Nervous System:
The brain is protected by the skull, a hard and bony structure that surrounds and encases the brain tissue, providing
physical protection against external trauma.
The spinal cord is surrounded by a series of protective membranes called meninges, which provide additional cushioning
and support. The three layers of meninges are the dura mater (outer layer), arachnoid mater (middle layer), and pia mater
(inner layer).

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 Signals Disrupted in Case of Spinal Cord Injury:
A spinal cord injury disrupts the transmission of nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to
various impairments depending on the location and severity of the injury.
Motor signals: Damage to the spinal cord can result in paralysis or weakness of muscles below the level of injury, leading
to loss of voluntary movement and control.
Sensory signals: Spinal cord injury can also cause loss of sensation, including touch, temperature, and proprioception
(awareness of body position and movement).
36. i.

ii. U is -ve,V is -ve. By lens formula:

1 1 1
− =
v u
f
−1 1 1 −1 1 1
⇒ − (− )= ⇒ + =
v u f v u f

−u+v 1 uv
⇒ = ⇒ f =
uv f v−u

This is a required relation between u, v and f in the case when object is placed between optical centre and principal focus of
convex lens
iii. Given, m =-1
u = -20 cm
∴ m=
v v
⇒ −1 =
u −20

⇒ v = 20 cm
1 1
By lens formula, 1

v
−
u
=
f

1 −1 1 1 1 1
⇒ − ( ) = ⇒ + =
20
20 f 20 20 f

1 1
⇒ = ⇒ f = 10 cm
10 f
1 1
∴ P ower, p = = = 10D
f −2
10×10

⇒ P = 10 D
OR

a.

Image will be of same size as the object, real and inverted.

b. i. Applying mirror formula.
1 1 1
= +
f v u

1 1 1
∴ = −
v f u

1 1 −1 1 −3+2 −1
= − = + = =
(−12) (−18) 12 18 36 36

v = -36 cm
v −36 cm
ii. h ′
= −
u
× h = − × 1.5 cm
−18 cm

= -3 cm (Magnified, inverted image)

Section E

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37. i. The pH of milk is 6. As it changes to curd, the pH will reduce because curd is acidic in nature. The acids present in it decrease
the pH.
ii. No, gastric juice is a strong acid.
iii. Milk of magnesia is a base and it can be used as an antacid.
OR
The pH value of saliva after the meal is 5.8.
38. i. There are two types of movement:
a. dependent on growth
b. independent on growth.
ii. Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes growth.
iii. The function of the nervous system is to control and coordinate the activities of the body.
OR
The movements of the leaves of the sensitive plant are touch sensitive and independent of growth while the movement of the
shoot towards light is growth related and known as phototropism.
39. i. The reason involved is electromagnetic induction.
When current is passed through coil 1 magnetic field changes in coil 2 due to which an induced current starts flowing in coil 2
and the galvanometer present in coil 2 shows some deflection.
ii. The electromagnetic induction is the phenomenon involved above.
The process by which a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a current in another conductor is called
electromagnetic induction.
iii. a. A momentary deflection is shown by the galvanometer.
b. A momentary deflection is shown by the galvanometer but in the opposite direction.
OR
a. When bar magnet is pushed into the coil there is some deflection in the galvanometer.
b. When bar magnet is held stationary there is no change in magnetic field due to which there is no change in the
galvanometer.

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