MATHEMATICS 10
Quarter 3
Lesson 4
Events: Union and Intersection
OBJECTIVES
To Illustrate events, union and intersection of
events
DEFINITION
The purpose of studying the fundamental
counting principle, permutation and combination
for the past weeks is to count all of possible
outcomes of an event or events which is
necessary in our study of probability.
Probability is the field of mathematics that deals
with chance.
DEFINITION
Experiment is an activity in which the results
cannot be predicted with certainty; it is also an
activity which could be repeated over and over
again which have well-defined results.
DEFINITION
Random experiments are experiments in which
the outcome is not necessarily the same when
you repeat the experiment.
Examples: tossing a coin, rolling a die, randomly
choosing a ball from a box.
DEFINITION
Trial refers to each repetition of an experiment.
Outcomes are results of an experiment or a result
of a trial.
DEFINITION
Sample space, S, refers to the set of all possible
outcomes of a random experiment.
Event is any subset of the sample space; it is also
a collection of outcomes which are equally likely
to occur.
Event also means one or more outcomes.
DEFINITION
Probability is also an expression of likelihood that
the event will occur, meaning comparison of the
number of outcomes in an event to the number of
outcomes in the sample space.
DEFINITION
A simple event is an event with only one outcome.
A compound event is an event with more than one
outcome.
DEFINITION
The 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵, denoted 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵, is
the collection of all outcomes that are elements of
one or the other of the sets 𝐴 and 𝐵, or both of
them. It corresponds to combining descriptions of
the two events using the word “or”.
DEFINITION
The figure below indicates the union corresponds
to the shaded region.
DEFINITION
The 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵, denoted by 𝐴 ∩
𝐵, is the collection of all the outcomes that are
elements of both of the sets 𝐴 and 𝐵. It corresponds to
combining descriptions of the two events using the
word “and”.
DEFINITION
The figure below indicates the intersection
corresponds to the shaded lens-shaped region
that lies within both ovals.
Example 1:
Experiment: Tossing a coin.
Each toss of a coin is a trial. Tossing a coin three times involves three trials.
Outcomes: There are two possible outcomes or two possible results of
tossing a coin. Getting a head or getting a tail.
Sample space: 𝑆 = {𝐻, 𝑇}
Events: There are two events in tossing a coin: getting a head (𝐻) or
getting a tail (𝑇).
Getting a head when tossing a coin is a simple event.
Getting a head or getting a tail when tossing a coin is a compound event.
Example 2: The experiment is rolling a
die. Each roll of a die is a trial.
The collection of outcomes is put in braces and separated by commas.
The simple event is rolling a 3.
The compound events are rolling an even number, rolling a 1 or a 3, rolling a 1
and a 3.
Example 3: The experiment is rolling a die.
A. Find the 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑛 of the events
E: the number rolled is even
T: the number rolled is greater than 2
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Sample space of rolling a die
E = {2, 4, 6} Outcomes of 𝐸
T = {3, 4, 5, 6} Outcomes of 𝑇
𝐸 ∪ 𝑇 = 2, 4, 6 ∪ {3, 4, 5, 6} “U” means combine
𝐸 ∪ 𝑇 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Outcomes of 𝐸 ∪ 𝑇, or, getting an even
number 𝑜𝑟 a number greater than 2
Example 3: The experiment is rolling a die.
B. Using a Venn Diagram, illustrate events E and T, and the union of
events E 𝑜𝑟 T.
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
E = {2, 4, 6}
T = {3, 4, 5, 6}
𝐸 ∪ 𝑇 = 2, 4, 6 ∪ 3, 4, 5, 6
𝐸 ∪ 𝑇 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Example 4:The experiment is rolling a die.
A. Find the 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 of the events
E: the number rolled is even
T: the number rolled is greater than 2
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Sample space of rolling a die
E = {2, 4, 6} Outcomes of 𝐸
T = {3, 4, 5, 6} Outcomes of 𝑇
𝐸 ∩ 𝑇 = 2, 4, 6 ∩ {3, 4, 5, 6} “∩” means common
𝐸 ∩ 𝑇 = {4, 6} Outcomes of 𝐸 ∩ 𝑇, or, getting
an even number 𝑎𝑛𝑑 a number
greater than 2 at the same time
Example 4:The experiment is rolling a die.
B. Using a Venn Diagram, illustrate events E and T, and the
intersection of events E 𝑎𝑛𝑑 T.
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
E = {2, 4, 6}
T = {3, 4, 5, 6}
𝐸 ∩ 𝑇 = 2, 4, 6 ∩ {3, 4, 5, 6}
𝐸 ∩ 𝑇 = {4, 6}
Example 5: The
Venn Diagram below
represents the
students in NOHS
who was randomly
selected to answer a
survey on whether
they have an E-mail,
a Facebook or a
Twitter account.
1. How many students were
asked in the survey?
150 students
(20+20+25+15+10+40+15+5)
2. How many students have a
Facebook account?
90 students (25+10+15+40)
3. How many students have
an e-mail account?
70 students (20+15+10+25)
4. How many students have a
Facebook account 𝑜𝑟 an e-
mail account?
125 students
“or” means combine; union
(20+15+10+25+15+40)
5. How many students have a
Facebook account 𝑎𝑛𝑑 an e-
mail account?
35 students
“and” means common;
intersection (25+10)
6. How many students have
a Facebook, e-mail 𝑜𝑟
Twitter account?
130 students
(20+25+15+10+40+15+5)
7. How many students have
a Facebook, e-mail 𝑎𝑛𝑑
Twitter account?
10 students
𝑎𝑛𝑑 means common;
intersection ∩
8. How many students don’t
have a Facebook, e-mail
and Twitter account?
20 students
20 is outside events 𝐸, 𝐹 and
𝑇
9. How many students have
a Facebook account only?
40 students
40 students. They have
Facebook account only, no
e-mail, no Twitter account
PRACTICE EXERCISES
1. How many students have a
Twitter account? 45 (10+15+5+15)
2. How many students have a
Facebook account 𝑜𝑟 a Twitter
account? 110
(10+15+5+15+25+40)
3. How many students have a
Facebook account 𝑎𝑛𝑑 a Twitter
account? 25 (10+15)
4. How many students have a
Twitter account only? 5 students have a Twitter account only.
No Facebook, no e-mail account
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
Select the letter of the best answer among the choices.
