MIGRATION
Junior,Dalisha & Josh
Group Definition of
Migration
“The movement of a
person or people from one
country, locality, place of
residence, etc., to settle in
another permanently or
temporarily”
Educational
Migration
By
Junior
+1.1M
People that move every year in the US due to education
Introduction: Basic Information About Educational Migration
According to our group migration Educational
migration is the movement of persons in search
of better and higher quality education.
Education has an enormous influence on our
lives. It provides the basis of much of modern
technology and sources of power that make our
lives and work easier.
My research question is :
How does educational migration
influence the academic outcomes
and cultural integration of
international students in host
countries?
My research question is relevant becouse:
It looks at the challenges international students face
when they move to another country for education. It
helps understand how moving affects their grades and
how well they adjust to a new culture. Since more
students are studying abroad, it's crucial to see how
migration for education impacts them and the country
they’re studying in.
ACTION PLAN TO
INVESTIGATE
MIGRATION FOR
EDUCATIONAL
PURPOSE
Educational Migration
So, first off , to migrate in another country you
need to have a high education level so you have a
more trustworthy education degree, which
basically means that people with higher levels of
education are more likely to migrate than those
with lower levels of education
A shallow look into educational migration
Problems status:
Why Do people Migrate? Examples
Types of Migration
To find a better education quality as well as Nigeria, such as the presence of Boko
professional opportunities People are also forced to migrate to Harams, which kidnaps targeted little girls
escape wars, such as those in the on their way to school, preventing them
Seek for cultural and social benefits Ukraine, the Gaza Strip, Nigeria , from having access to a proper education.
and Mali While preventing women from getting a
To escape war and get a better security and proper education.
learning conditions . the hope that, because the American
diploma is not equivalent to the
Senegalese diploma, they will have
better economic prospects
Real World Examples
Indian students often migrate to Australia for higher education, particularly in fields like
engineering, IT, and business. While many perform well academically, they may
struggle with understanding local slang, communication styles, or academic
expectations, which can impact their overall academic performance. In terms of cultural
integration, Indian students can experience "culture shock" due to differences in the
education system, socializing norms, and work culture. However, Australia's
multicultural environment helps ease this transition by providing opportunities to
connect with other students from similar backgrounds. Universities like the University
of Sydney offer specific programs to support international students, helping them
overcome both cultural and academic challenges, while also encouraging peer
interactions to foster a sense of community and belonging.
Causes and Pulls
Educational migration is driven by the search for better education opportunities, career
prospects, and improved quality of life. Students also migrate due to political instability,
economic challenges, or limited resources in their home countries. Social networks,
including family and friends with positive experiences abroad, can influence the decision to
study in another country.
Countries with high-quality education systems, cultural diversity, and post-graduation
work opportunities attract international students. English-speaking countries, in particular,
offer the advantage of improving language skills. Scholarships and financial aid make
studying abroad more affordable, while the chance to build global networks in fields like
business and technology is a key pull factor.
Global Issues
Global issues related to educational migration include brain drain, where
developing countries lose talented students to more developed nations,
impacting local development. Cultural adjustment can be challenging for
international students, leading to isolation and mental health issues. Access to
education remains unequal, as students from low-income backgrounds may
struggle with the cost of studying abroad. Differences in education systems
can cause academic difficulties due to language barriers and varying teaching
styles. Strict immigration policies can limit students' ability to study or stay in
host countries after graduation. Lastly, while international students contribute
to host economies, they can also strain local resources, such as housing and
public services.
Conclusion
IIn conclusion, educational migration offers both opportunities and challenges. While it
provides students with access to better educational resources, career prospects, and cultural
experiences, it also raises global issues like brain drain, cultural adjustment, and unequal
access to education. The differences in education systems and immigration policies can create
obstacles for both students and host countries. Addressing these issues through better support
systems, more inclusive policies, and global cooperation is essential for ensuring that the
benefits of educational migration are maximized while minimizing its challenges.
Work cited
“Introduction.” Global Education Monitoring Report 2019, UNESCO, 2019,
gem-report-2019.unesco.org/chapter/introduction/.
“Migration and Education: Leveraging the Potential of Migration for a Better Tomorrow.” Migration for Development, 2021,
migration4development.org/en/news/migration-and-education-leveraging-potential-migration-better-tomorrow.
“10 Reasons to Study Abroad.” Studentum, 2021, studentum.fr/articles-and-advice/10-reasons-to-study-abroad-12621.
International Organization for Migration. Integrating Migration into Education. 2020,
publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/Integrating-Migration-into-Education-FR_0.pdf.
UNESCO. UNESCO: Building Peace in the Minds of Men and Women, UNESCO, www.unesco.org/en.
United Nations. The United Nations: A Better World for All, United Nations, www.un.org/fr.
OECD. International Migration and Migrant Education. Emerald Insight, 2018,
doi:10.1108/978-1-83797-773-420241006/full/html#:~:text=The%20influx%20of%20migrant%20students,(OECD)%2C%20
2018.
Kothari, R. et al. “Educational Migration: Causes and Effects.” ScienceDirect, Elsevier, 2024,
doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.04.002.
Criterion A:
Criterion B
Do you have any questions?
Thanks!
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Rural to
urban
By: Dalisha
Research Question
What are the challenges urban citizens
encounter due to the increase of migrants
from rural areas, and what are the side effects
for urban citizens?
Justification for my research question:
This research question is significant and relevant to my
research question so we get to examine the obstacles
and the impact encountered by urban citizens as the
number of rural migrants continues to grow.
Action Plan to investigate research question
Action Plan:
1. Collect data by doing many online research on the internet, find reliable sources such as journals
or articles and gather them by observing people's challenges, impact and experience on rural to urban
migrations.
Timeline: December 4th
2. Analyze the context to address urban citizens challenges and the impact. We will analyze the
sources we gathered by the common challenge and impact they face. Highlight the key challenge and
impact . This may include economics, social, political and environmental factors.
Timeline: December 6th
3. Include visual data such as graphs or charts or images to strengthen the and provide
clearer context. This will help identify the challenges and effects based on past research more
specifically.
Timeline: December 16th and 17th
4. Summarizing all the points that need to be in which is the challenges and impacts in a
presentation.
Timeline: December 17th
Definition and explanation Rural
Definition of rural to urban migration: Rural to urban migration
means the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.
Details explanation about rural to urban migration:
A movement of people from rural to urban area or from the countryside to the
cities or from a less populated area to more densely populated area.
What was the primary cause of rural to urban migration?
The primary cause of rural-to-urban migration is the uneven development
between rural and urban areas, resulting in more education and employment
opportunities available in urban cities.
Definition of:
Rural: a region outside of cities and town
Urban: a densely populated area with a high concentration of buildings and people
living close together, usually a city or town with busy streets, tall buildings and
public transportation.
Urban
Rural to urban migration in India Real world examples (2 slides)
Why do Indians migrate,
India is an example of an emerging particularly in Mumbai ?
and developing country. Each years, People move to Mumbai because the
thousand of people move to urban rural areas they leave have many push
centers such as Mumbai, New Delhi factors and the city has lots of pull
(India capital city) and Chennai. factors. People believe that the city
However, Mumbai is the city that will provide lots of opportunities.
attracts people from rural area to Mumbai offers numerous opportunities
migrate the most. This is because such as more job with higher wages.
Mumbai is known as the top financial Most of the push factor for Indians to
city in India. migrate to rural areas is poverty, low
income wages and environmental
issues such as natural disaster. These
drive many Indians to migrate to seek
job opportunity and better life
condition.
Challenges faced by the Indian Mumbai population growth
migrants when migrating from rural
to urban area:
While migration offers opportunities, it comes with
its fair share of challenges.
Some of them are:
➙Housing: lack of access to affordable housing
and basic amenities in urban areas. High rental
prices increased migrants’ cost of living in urban
areas.
➙Legal and social barriers: Migrants often
faces discrimination, linguistic challenges, and ● This population growth data shown how
cultural exclusion in their new urban environment, Mumbai population has growth due to
leading to social isolation and negatively impact migration. There are statistic data that are
overall health of individuals and communities. saying 53% of Mumbai migrants is from
Maharashtra
Impacts of rural to urban migration in India: (a region in India).
Rural to urban migration impacts both on the rural area
which loses people and the urban area which gains
people.The loss of a person from rural areas, impact on
the level of output and development of rural areas
Causes of rural to urban migration
TYPE PUSH PULL
FACTORS FACTORS
Economics Unemployment, Lack of job Employment opportunities,
opportunities, poverty mostly to find jobs with
higher income
Political Government offer lack of Political stability that leads
investment for the service to safer place to live.
Social Poor housing conditions Better services such as
and higher crime rate education and healthcare
Environment Polluted drinking water and Better living condition with
natural disasters such as safer environment (less
flood and rising sea levels natural disaster)
Connection to global issues
Rural to urban migration is connected to some global issues such as globalization
and climate change. Globalization has led to growing numbers of people moving
within the region, looking for better opportunities and lifestyles. Urban centers are
usually where international companies and industries were located, driving people
to move to the urban area. Globalization could also affect rural to urban migration
by the increased level of pollution, overcrowding and language and cultural
barriers that may exist which may lead to a negative perspective within urban
society.
Climate change contributes to global issues which are environmental challenges
such as floods and droughts. This factor pushes people to move from rural areas
to urban areas. Unfortunately, human activities in urban areas such as the burning
of fossil fuels and industrial waste increase pollutants in the environment, which
result in negatively affect the human health and other species.
Conclusion
Rural to urban migration is influenced by various causes. For instance, economic
opportunities, better education and healthcare, better life conditions and
environmental challenges which is climate change such as flood,droughts and rising
sea levels. However, there are also some challenge that rural people face when
migrating including overcrowding and high rental houses. Furthermore,
rural-to-urban migration can be a problem when cities cannot keep up with their
population growth. Migration can overwhelm a city’s employment opportunities,
ability to provide government services, and supply of affordable housing.
Reflective question: As migration to urban area continues to increase, how can the
government support the challenge migrants face while making sure that the future
migration is balanced economic and sustainability?
Work Cited
BBC. “Urban Populations - OCR - Revision 2 - GCSE Geography - BBC Bitesize.” BBC Bitesize, 2019,
www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z24ksg8/revision/2.
“Migration from Rural to Urban Settings in Europe and the U.S.: History and Effects - Video & Lesson Transcript.” Study.com,
study.com/academy/lesson/migration-from-rural-to-urban-settings-in-europe-and-the-us-history-and-effects.html.
Prabal Pratap Singh. “India, Known for Its Vast Geographical and Cultural Diversity, Has Been Witnessing a Significant Shift in Population
Distribution over the Past Few Decades. The Phenomenon of Rural-To-Urban Migration Has Become a Prevalent Issue, with Millions of People from
Rural Areas Seeking Better Opportunities.” Linkedin.com, 25 July 2023,
www.linkedin.com/pulse/challenges-rural-urban-migration-india-prabal-pratap-singh.
Singh, Kulvinder . “How India Moves: Understanding Patterns of Migration within the Country.” The Wire, 6 May 2024,
thewire.in/urban/how-india-moves-understanding-patterns-of-migration-within-the-country.
StudySmarter. “Rural to Urban Migration: Definition & Causes | StudySmarter.” StudySmarter UK, 2024,
www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/human-geography/population-geography/rural-to-urban-migration/.
University of California Museum of Paleontology. “Urbanization.” Understanding Global Change, 2022,
ugc.berkeley.edu/background-content/urbanization/.
Criterion A:
30
Criterion B:
31
Types of migration presentation
Grade 9 Unit 2 Joshua
Research
Question and
how it relates How do political factors influence
the experiences of individuals
forced to migrate from their home
countries?
My research question relates to my
chosen migration type as political
factors are statistically proven to be the
primary factor of forced migration due
to war and conflict
Definiton of Forced
migration
Joshua Tshiband - Forced migration
Definition: forced migration is the displacement of people as a result
of conflict, violence, natural disasters, infrastructure projects, or
possibly even climate change. The migration could be within the
country or state or across international borders.
Real-world
examples
Ukraine-Russia invasion (2022-present): Since the invasion
of russia, refugee displacement has been a problem
throughout Europe since.
-Somali Civil War (1988-Present): The conflict in Somalia has
led to large numbers of people fleeing to neighboring
countries or becoming internally displaced. Many Somali
refugees reside in camps in Kenya and Ethiopia.
- Venezuelan Crisis (2014-Present): Due to political
instability, economic collapse, and violence, millions of
Venezuelans have migrated to neighboring countries,
particularly Colombia and Brazil, often facing challenging
conditions.
Push and Pull factors
Factors Push Pull
Social -Lack of healthcare and -Better healthcare and
poor education education
opportunities
Environmental - Areas prone to fatal -Safe, climate friendly
natural disasters locations with no
(Tornadoes, life-threatening natural
hurricanes,floods, disasters being
e.t.c) imminent
Political -Unstable governments -Human rights
or conflict prioritization
-Political stability
Economic -Unemployment or lack -Higher wages and
of job opportunities better job opportunities
Connections to Global Issues
Link migration to broader issues like
globalization, climate change, or human
rights.
Conclusion
Summarize key points.
End with a reflective question or thought about the future
of migration.
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Criterion A:
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