CEA-TH-14-20/2/2023-TRM Division I/43522/2024

ADVICE ON FGD TECHNOLOGY

SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT UNITS SIZE
(FROM 01st NOVEMBER ONWARDS)

BRIEF REVIEW OF THE NEW MoEF&CC ENVIRONMENTAL RULES

MoEF&CC notification dated 7th December-2015 amended the existing norms related to
emission of SPM and introduced new norms for emission of SO2, NOx and Mercury form
Thermal Power Plants (TPPs). It also specified modified limits for specific water consumption
by TPPs and insisted to convert existing once through based condenser cooling system to
recirculation type. Different limits are specified based on capacity of power plant and year of
installation. A summary of new regulations on air emission is given below:

NEW REGULATIONS ON EMISSION

Date of PM SO2 NOx Mercury (Hg)

installation
Before 100mg/Nm3 600 mg/Nm3 for <500MW 600 mg/Nm3 0.03 mg/ Nm3
31-12-2003 200 mg/Nm3 for > = 500 For>= 500
MW MW
After
01-01-2004 50 mg/Nm3 600 mg/Nm3 for < 500 MW 450* mg/ 0.03 mg/Nm3
& Up to 200 mg/ Nm3 for >= 500 Nm3
31-12-2016 MW
On or after 30mg/Nm3 100 mg/Nm3 100 mg/ Nm3 0.03 mg/ Nm3
01-01-2017
* NOx norm of 300 mg/Nm3 was revised to 450 mg/Nm3 by MoEF&CC vide Gazette Notification dated
19th October, 2020.

SUMMARY OF NEW REGULATIONS ON WATER USE

Sl. New requirement

No.
1. All plants with Once Through Cooling (OTC) shall install Cooling Tower (CT)
and achieve specific water consumption up to maximum of 3.5 m3/MWh within
a period of two years from the date of publication of notification.
2 All existing CT- based plants reduce specific water consumption up to maximum
of 3.5.m3/ MWh within a period of two years from the date of publication of
notification.

FLUE
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ADVICE ON FGD TECHNOLOGY

SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT UNITS SIZE
(FROM 01st NOVEMBER ONWARDS)

3 Specific water consumption shall not exceed maximum of 3.0 m3/MWh** for new
plants installed after the 1st January 2017 and these plants shall also achieve zero
waste water discharge.
4 Seawater based plants are exempted form conversion of once through to cooling
Tower based system.**

Stack Height post FGD installation**:

Sl. No. Industry Parameter Standards Remarks
Power Generation capacity:
100MW and above
H= 6.902 (Q X 0.277) 0.555
Or
100 m Whichever is more

Less than 100 MW

H= 6.902 (Q X 0.277) 0.555
Thermal Power
or
plants with Flue Stack
30 m Whichever is more
1 gas Height/Limit
Desulphurization in Meters
Q= Emission rate of SO2 in Kg/hr*
(FGD)
H= Physical stack height in meter
*Total of the all units connected to
stack
Note: These standards shall apply
to coal/lignite based Thermal
Power Plant.

 All monitored values for SO2 and NOx shall be corrected to 6% Oxygen, on dry basis.

** As per amendment notification issued by MOEF&CC dated 28th June 2018 for stack height post
FGD and water Consumption.

FLUE
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CEA-TH-14-20/2/2023-TRM Division I/43522/2024

ADVICE ON FGD TECHNOLOGY

SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT UNITS SIZE
(FROM 01st NOVEMBER ONWARDS)

TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

There are various technologies which are in use for De-SOx treatment of flue gases from
thermal power plants. At the time of introduction of FGD technologies in India, when FGD
technology was in nascent stage for Indian power sector, only a few technologies for De-SOx
were advised. However with the exposure and practical experience of technology developers
over the years, some new FGD technologies have been introduced, and many more may be
introduced in future.
Following factors shall be considered before finalization of FGD technology:
1. SO2 removal efficiency
2. Units size
3. Balance Plant life
4. Geographical location of Thermal Power plant
5. Production of secondary pollution by FGD technology like SPM, CO2 (Greenhouse
Gases) etc.
6. Byproduct Handling / Sale
7. Water consumption

It is advised that before deciding on which technology is to be selected for FGD installation,
the utilities may conduct their own techno-economic feasibility study as well as “Life Cycle
Cost Based Analysis” on available FGD Technologies in the market, considering the above
mentioned parameters. It is also advised that while finalizing the technology for FGD
implementation, environmental friendliness such as direct and indirect GHG emissions and
water consumption etc. may also be considered.
The techno-economic “Life Cycle Cost Based Analysis” along with the feasibility/viability
study of employing a technology for control of SO2 emissions may include but not limited to
the following parameters:
a) Average PLF of the Unit
b) Required efficiency of the FGD system
c) Balance operating life
d) CAPEX & OPEX (Including Reagent Consumption if any)
e) Byproduct handling / Sale (if any)
f) Water Consumption

FLUE
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ADVICE ON FGD TECHNOLOGY

SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT UNITS SIZE
(FROM 01st NOVEMBER ONWARDS)

Geographical factors of Plants:

While choosing FGD technologies for Thermal power plants, Geographical location of the
plant is a critical factor i.e. Plant located on sea coast may prefer for Sea based FGD
technologies and similarly, distance & availability of reagent should also be looked into. Other
plant specific requirements may be considered for Life cycle costing keeping OPEX in
consideration.

The above mentioned factors needs to further evaluated before finalization of technology for a
thermal power plant since every plant have specific requirements which needs to be evaluated
on case to case basis such as:

a. Coal Quality, sulphur content

b. Unit size and no. of units
c. Space availability at plant
d. Availability of reagent and purity level of reagent
e. Disposal / Sale of by product
f. Balance plant Life
g. Auxiliary Power Consumption
h. Life cycle costing
i. Availability of water
j. Efficiency of FGD system
k. Consideration of New stack/Modification of stack.
l. PLF of plant
m. Tariff Impact

FLUE
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रजिस्ट्री सं. डी.एल.- 33004/99 REGD. No. D. L.-33004/99

सी.जी.-डी.एल.-अ.-07022025-260817
xxxGIDHxxx
CG-DL-E-07022025-260817
xxxGIDExxx

असाधारण
EXTRAORDINARY
भाग II—खण्ड 3—उप-खण्ड (i)
PART II—Section 3—Sub-section (i)
प्राजधकार से प्रकाजित
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY

सं. 89] नई दिल्ली, िुक्रवार, फरवरी 7, 2025/माघ 18, 1946

No. 89] NEW DELHI, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 2025/MAGHA 18, 1946

पर्ाावरण, वन और िलवार्ु पररवतान मंत्रालर्

अजधसूचना का प्रारूप

नई दिल्ली, 7 फरवरी, 2025

सा.का.जन. 121(अ).—पर्ाावरण (संरक्षण) अजधजनर्म, 1986 (1986 का 29) की धारा 6 और 25 द्वारा प्रित्त
िजिर्ों का प्रर्ोग करते हुए, कें द्रीर् सरकार एतिद्वारा पर्ाावरण (संरक्षण) जनर्म, 1986 में और संिोधन करने के जलए
जनम्नजलजखत प्रारूप जनर्म बनाती है; िनसाधारण की िानकारी के जलए प्रकाजित दकर्ा िाता है; जिनके उससे प्रभाजवत
होने की संभावना है, और एतिद्वारा र्ह सूजचत दकर्ा िाता है दक उक्त प्रारूप अजधसूचना पर, उस तारीख से, जिसको इस
अजधसूचना को अंतर्वाष्ट करने वाले भारत के रािपत्र की प्रजतर्ां िनसाधारण को उपलब्ध करा िी िाती हैं, साठ दिन की
अवजध की समाजि पर र्ा उसके पश्चात जवचार दकर्ा िाएगा। ऐसा कोई व्र्जि, िो प्रारूप अजधसूचना में अंतर्वाष्ट प्रस्ट्तावों
के संबंध में कोई आपजत्त र्ा सुझाव िेने का इच्छु क है, वह जवजनर्िाष्ट अवजध के भीतर, कें द्रीर् सरकार द्वारा जवचार दकए िाने
के जलए इसे सजचव, पर्ाावरण, वन और िलवार्ु पररवतान मंत्रालर्, इं दिरा पर्ाावरण भवन, िोर बाग रोड,
नई दिल्ली-110003 को जलजखत रूप में र्ा ई-मेल पते: [email protected] और [email protected] पर भेि
सकता है।

941 GI/2025 (1)

2 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(i)]

संजक्षप्त नाम और प्रारं भ:

1. (1) इन जनर्मों संजक्षप्त नाम पर्ाावरण (संरक्षण) संिोधन जनर्म, 2025 है ।

(2) र्े रािपत्र में उनके प्रकािन की तारीख से प्रव्रत्त होंगे।
2. पर्ाावरण (संरक्षण) जनर्म, 1986 में, अनुसूची - I में, क्रम संख्र्ा 5 क के बाि, जनम्नजलजखत 'नोट'
अंतस्ट्थाजपत दकर्ा िाएगा,–
नोट: मंत्रालर्, कें द्रीर् जवद्युत प्राजधकरण (सीईए) और कें द्रीर् प्रिूषण जनर्ंत्रण बोडा (सीपीसीबी) के परामिा से, मामला-िर-
मामला आधार पर, एक आिेि के माध्र्म से थमाल पावर संर्ंत्रों को कू ललंग टावरों की स्ट्थापना से छू ट िे सकता है।

[फा. सं. क्र्ू-15017/40/2007-सीपीडब्ल्र्ू]

वेि प्रकाि जमश्रा, संर्क्
ु त सजचव

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE

DRAFT NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, the 7th February, 2025
G.S.R. 121(E).—In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection)
Act,1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government hereby makes the following draft rules to further amend the
Environment(Protection)Rules, 1986, for the information of the public likely to be affected thereby; and notice is hereby
given that the said draft notification shall be taken into consideration on or after the expiry of a period of sixty days
from the date on which copies of the Gazette containing this notification are made available to the public. Any person
interested in making any objections or suggestions on the proposals contained in the draft notification may forward the
same in writing, for consideration of the Central Government within the period specified above to the Secretary,
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jor Bagh Road, New Delhi-110003,
or send it to the e-mail address: [email protected] and [email protected].

1. Short title and commencement.

1. These rules may be called the Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules, 2025.
2. They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.
2. In the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, in Schedule - I, after serial number 5A, the following ‘Note’ shall
be inserted,–
Note: The Ministry in consultation with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and the Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB) may, on case to case basis, through an order, grant exemption to thermal power plants from
installation of cooling towers.

[F. No. Q-15017/40/2007-CPW]

VED PRAKASH MISHRA, Jt. Secy.

Uploaded by Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi-110064
and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054. SARVESH KUMAR
Digitally signed by SARVESH
KUMAR SRIVASTAVA
SRIVASTAVA
Date: 2025.02.07 21:21:06 +05'30'