VIVA-VOCE

Q. 1. What is chromatography?
Ans. ltis a technique for rapid and efieient separation of the components of mixture (by their different rates of
adsorption) and purification of compounds.
Q. 2. What is the basis (principle) of chromatographic process ?
Ans. It is based on the differential migration of the individual components of a mixture through a stationary phase
Lunder the influence of a moving phase.
Q. 3. What type of solvents are generally employed in chromatography ?
Ans. Sovents having low viscosities are emploved in general. This is due to the fact that the rate of fMow of a
solvent varies inversely as its viscosity.
Q. 4. What is paper chromatography ?
Ans. It is an important technique based upon the dynamic partition of the components of amixture between
twoimmiscible phases.
Q. 5. What are the moving and statiomary phases in paper chromatography ?
Ans. Water absorbed on cellulose constituting the paper serves as the stationary phase and organic solvent as
moving phase.
Q. 6. What is meant by the term developing ?
Ans. If the components to be separated are colourless, then these separated components on chromatogram are
not visible. Their presence is detected by developmernt, which invoves spraying a suitable reagent called
(developing reagenl) on the chromatogram, or placing the chromatogram in iodine chamber. When various
components become visible, this chromatogram is called developed chromatogram.
Q. 7. How does the liquid rise through the flter paper?
Ans. By means of capillary action.
Q. 8. What is meant by the term Rrvalue ?
Ans. R, (retention factor) of a substance is defined as the ratio of the distance moved up by the solute from the
point of its application to the distance moved up by the solvent from the same point.
Q. 9. On what factors does the R,value ofa compound depend ?
Ans. () Nature of the compound (ii) Nature of the solvent (ü) Temperature
Q.10. Give the biochemical uses of chromatography.
Ans. It helps in the separation of amino acids, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, etc.
Q.11. Name the scientist who discovered chromatographic technique.
Ans. Russian botanist M. Tswett (1906).
Q.12. What are the advantages of chromatographyover other techniques?
Ans. () It can be used for a mixture containing any number of components.
(i)) Very small quantities of the substances can be effectively detected and separated from a mixture.
Q.13. What is loading (or spotting) ?
Ans. The application of the mixture as a spot on the original line on the filter paper strip, is called loadins (or
spotlig).
Q.14. What is chromatogram ?
Ans. The paper strip, after loading, is placed in a suitable solvent for sometime, then taken out. and dried in air
Thepaper stripafter running the solvent amd drying, is called chromatogram.
EVERGREEN CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL - 12 (75
 Q15 Which type of 6lter paper is generally used in paper chromatography?
Ans. 4haman flter paper no I
Q16 Why paper chromatography is also called partition chromatography ?
Ans. Ir - becaue the connponent- of the mixture are partitioned or distrbuted between two liquids i i.e., stationa
pha-e as wel a- the mang phase oer the hquid-.
Q17. What is irrigant in chromatography ?
Ans. The deekopng ohent u-ed to separatethe d1fferent components of amixture is called irrigant.
Q18. What is a visualizing agent ?
Ans. The reagent praved on the developed paper strip to locate the colourless cormponents of a mixture is calles
a alzne agent
219. What do youmnean by resolution ?
Ans. It = the degree of separation of the components in a chromatogram.
Q20. Why is the rate of movement of mobile phase less in ascending paper chromatography ?
Ans. Becau-e moremnent of raohile phase is against gravity.
Q21. What is adsorption ?
Ans. It = asurface phenomenon in which a substance gets concentrated only on outer surface of another
-ubtance but does not penetrate into it.
Q22. Why R, value cannot be greater than 1?
Ans. It s tecause the distance travelled by the solvent is always more than each component.
Q23. What is the developing solvent used in theseparation of Cu²t and ca2t ions ?
Ans. Ethanol- 5N HCI in the ratio 9: 1.
Q24 which visualizing agent is used in the separation of Cu2+and Caz+ ions ?
Ans.
okuriess HyS olution or 0.05% dithizone solution in chloroform (CHC).
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FROM NCERT LAB MANUAL
What is a chromatogram ? Explain the principle on which paper chromatography is based.
Ans. The rstted paper obtained after development with suitable solvent is called
chromatogram. It is an
exanple f partitinn chromatography. It is based upon the differences in tendencies of the substances to
artition between two phases (mobile and stationary).
2 2. What are the essential characteristics of the substance used as a
developer ?
Ans. i) 4ivelpfr shouird be colourless and freely soluble in asuitable
solvent.
(u) ít should instantly react with the ions present in the spots to give highly coloured products
can cily be Heen by an unaided eye. wn
How is the phenomenon of adsorption applied in the
separation
of compounds
chromatography ?
Ans. drptin is the phenormenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of asubstance on the surface of a so
or lisguid resuJting in the higherconcentration at the surface than in the bulk. In
adsorption
(thin layer chromatography, olumn chromatography), the stationary phase is finelv dividedchromatograp:
and the rmohile phase is generally a liquid. Process of separation depends upon solid adsorbe
ompnentsfa rmixture on the surface of the solid (stationary phase). preferential adsorpto