SAMPLE PAPER - 4 Class 11 - Physics ‘Time Allowed: 3 hours General Instructions: 1. There are 35 questions in all, All questions are compulsory. 2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section B. All the sections are compulsory. 3, Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two marks each, Section ‘C contains five questions of three marks each, section D contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E contains two case study based questions of 4 marks each. 4, There is no overall choice. However, an intemal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions. 5. Use of calculators is not allowed. Section A If energy (E), velocity (u), and force (F) be taken as fundamental quantities, then what are the dimensions of mass? 8) (Ev?) ») [Fv] 9) (Ev?) * vy ‘A force acts on a 2 kg object, so that its position is given as a function of time as x = 3t? + 5. What is the work done by this force in first 5 seconds? a) 8753 b) 8505 ©) 950 @) 9005 AA particle is moving along a straight line parallel to x-axis with constant velocity. Its angular momentum about the origin: a) decreases with time }) remains constant 4) increases with time {of 10 kg is suspended from a copper wire of length 3 m and diameter 0.4 mm, its length increases by 2.4 cm. Ifthe diameter of the wire is doubled, then the extension in its length will be a) 12cm b) 48cm 0)7.6cm ) 06cm ‘The given figure shows the motion of a planet around the sun S in an elliptical orbit with the sun at the focus.‘The shaded areas A and B are also shown in the figure which can be assumed to be equal. If ty and ty represent the time taken for the planet to move from a to b and c to d respectively, then: au=b buck ©) from the given information the relation )urb between ty and ty cannot be determined Pressure versus temperature graphs of an ideal gas are as shown in figure. Choose the wrong statement. P. e P LE t= oo T + LH. A . i a) None of these 'b) Density of gas is decreasing in graph (ii). ©) Density of gas is constant in graph (iii) 4) Density of gas is increasing in graph (i). ‘A gas under constant pressure of 4.5 x 10° Pa when subjected to 800 KJ of heat, changes the volume from 0.5 [I ‘m? to 2.0 m°. The change in internal energy of the gas is: @) 5.25 x 10°) ») 1.25 x 105) 6.75 x 105) 4) 3.25 x 105) If in an experiment for determination of velocity of sound by resonance tube method using a tuning fork of 512 [1] Hz, first resonance was observed at 30.7 em and second was obtained at 63.2 cm, then a maximum possible error in velocity of sound is: a) 51.2 emvsec ) 102.4 cm/sec ©) 161.3 emisee ) 204.8 cmisec ‘A U-tube of uniform cross-section (see Fig) is partially filled with a liquid I. Another liquid II which does not [1] mix with the liquid I is poured into one side. It is found that the liquid levels of the two sides of the tube are the same, while the level of liquid I have risen by 2 cm. Ifthe specific gravity of liquid I is 1.1, the specific gravity of liquid I must be. b) 1.05, 10 d) 1.12 ‘The gravitational potential atthe centre of a square of side a and four equal masses (m each) placed at the ‘comers of a square is: ao by) 42uu. 12, 13. 14, 45. 16. V7. ) -4y2Se oayece ‘A cylinder uniform rod of mass M and length | is pivoted at one end so that it can rotate in a vertical plane (see [1] the figure). There is negligible friction at the pivot. The free end is held vertically above the pivot and then released. The angular acceleration of the rod when it makes an angle @ with the vertical, is ») Boose &) Ssind ‘The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of Helium at NTP, from TyK to T3K is, a) $N,kg(T2-T)) ©) $Nakp(T2-T1) b) £Ngka(T2-T1) ® tNake (2) If in an experimental determination of the velocity of sound using # Kundt’s tube, standing waves are set up in [1] the metallic rod as well asin rigid tube containing air, then the sound waves have the same: a) wavelengths ©) frequencies b) amplitudes @) particle velocities ‘The work done W during an isothermal process in which the gas expands from an initial volume V; toafinal (1) volume V> is given by: (R is gas constant, Tis temperature) a) 2RT loge (#) ©) R(T -Tyloge (#2) ‘The escape velocity of a projectile on the earth's surface is 11.2 kms". A body is projected out with thrice this [11 speed. The speed of the body far away form the earth will be: a) None of these 31.7 kms? D)RV2-Vidloge (7) 4 Rrtoge (#2) 5) 33.6 kms 9) 22.4 kmst Assertion (A): During a turn, the value of centripetal force should be less than the limiting frictional force. i Reason (R): The centripetal force is provided by the frictional force between the tyres and the road. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A, ©) Ais true but R is false. Assertion: Water is more elastic than air. Reason: Air is more compressible than water. 4) Assertion and reason both are correct, statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion, ) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 4) Ais false but R is true 'b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct, explanation for assertion.©) Assertion is correct statement but reason isd) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is ‘wrong statement correct statement. Assertion (A): Avogadro number is the number of atoms in one gram mole, Reason (R): Avogadro number is a dimensionless constant. a) Both A and Rare'true and Ris the correct _b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the explanation of A. correct explanation of A. ©) Als true but Ris false. 4) Ais false but R is true. Section B State the number of significant figures in the following: i, 6.032 Nm? fi, 0.006032 m2 ‘A cricket ball of mass 0.15 kg moving with a speed of 20 ms“! is brought to rest by a player in 0.1 s. What is the average force applied by the player? Define the period of revolution, Derive an expression of a period of revolution or time period of the satellite, oR Calculate the escape speed of a body from the solar system from the following data: i. Mass of the sun = 2 x 10° kg. ii, Separation of the earth from the sun = 1.5 x 10" m, Calculate the value of stress in a wire of steel having a radius of 2 mm of 10 kN of force is applied on it. Calculate the total number of degrees of freedom possessed by the molecules in 1 cm? of Hy gas at temperature 273 K and 1 atm pressure? oR ‘On the basis of kinetic theory, obtain a definition of absolute zero temperature. A bullet travelling with a velocity of 16 ms"! penetrates a tree trunk and comes to rest in 0.4 m. Find the time taken during the retardation. ‘An aeroplane requires for take off a speed of 80 kmbr", the run on the ground being 100 m. The mass of the aeroplane is 10* kg and the coefficient of friction between the plane and the ground is 0.2. Assume that the plane accelerates uniformly during the take off. What is the maximum force required by the engine of the plane for take off? Section C ‘The volume of steam produced by 1 g of water at 100°C is 1650 cm®, Calculate the change in intemal energy during the change of state given J = 4.2 x 107 erg cat! g = 981 cmvs2? latent heat of steam = 540 Calg ‘A pebble of mass 0.05 kg is thrown vertically upwards. Give the direction and magnitude of the net force on the [3] pebble, a. during its upward motion, », during its downward motion, at the highest point where itis momentarily at rest. Do your answers change if the pebble was thrown at an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction? Ignore air resistance. ‘The flow rate of water is 0.58 Limm from a tap of diameter of 1.30 cm. After some time, the flow rate is32, increased to 4 L/min, Determine the nature ofthe flow for both the flow rates. The coefficient of viscosity of water is 10"Pa - s and the density of water is 103 kg/m? oR ‘What is equation of continuity? Water plows through a horizontal pipe of radius, 1cm ata speed of 2m/s. What should be the diameter of nazzle if water is to come out ata speed of 10nvs? Explain the terms wavelength, frequency and amplitude for a harmonic wave. BI oR ‘The equation of a wave is given by y = 6 sin 107 + 8 cos 10zt, where y is in centimetre and t in second. Determine the constants involved in the standard equation of the wave. ‘Two rods of the same area of cross-section, but of lengths I; and Ip and conductivities Ky and Ky are joined in [3] we Consider a block of mass 700 g is fastened to a spring having spring constant of 70 N/m. Find out the following [5] parameters if block is pulled a distance of 14 cm from its mean position on a frictionless surface and released from rest att series. Show that the combination is equivalent of a material of conductivity K Section D Xn X= 0 Xm ™ i. The angular frequency, the frequency and the period of the resulting motion, ii. The amplitude of the oscillation. ill. The maximum speed of the oscillating block. iv. The maximum acceleration of the block. vv. The phase constant and hence the displacement function x (t). oR ‘A simple pendulum of time period 1s and length | is hung from fixed support at O, such that the bob is at a distance H vertically above A on the ground (Figure). The amplitude is 8. The string snaps at 0. Find the time taken by the bob to hit the ground. Also, find the distance from A where bob hits the ground. Assume 0, to be small so that sin and c050 1. A particle is projected in air at an angle 8 to a surface which itself is inclined at an angle oe to the horizontal as in [5] figure i, Find an expression of range on the plane surface [distance on the plane from the point of projection at which particle will hit the surface.]ii, Time of flight, ili. 8 at Which range will be maximum. [Hint: This problem can be solved in two different ways: Le (B, a. Point P at which particle hits the plane can be seen as the intersection of its trajectory (parabola) and straight line, Remember particle is projected at an angle (a+ 8) w.rt. horizontal. . We can take x-direction along the plane and y-direction perpendicular to the plane. In that case resolve (acceleration due to gravity) in two different components, a, along the plane and gy perpendicular to the plane, Now the problem can be solved as two independent motions in x and y directions respectively with time as a common parameter] or ‘A man wants to reach from A to the opposite corner of the square C (as in figure). The sides of the square are 100 m. ‘A central square of 50m x 50m is filled with sand. Outside this square, he can walk at a speed 1 mvs". In the central square, he can walk only at a speed of vin/s (v<1) What is smallest value of v for which he can reach faster via a straight path through the sand than any path in the square outside the sand? From @ uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius 4 is cut out. The centre of the hole is at # from the [5] centre of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body. OR Find the components along the x, y, 2 axes of the angular momentum | of a particle, whose position vector is r with ‘components x, y, 2 and momentum is p with components ps, py and p,. Show that if the particle moves only in the x- yy plane the angular momentum has only a z-component. Section E Read the text carefully and answer the questions: la 2 friends started for a picnic spot, in two different cars. A drove his car at a constant velocity 60 km/h. B drove his car at a constant velocity 50 km/h, ‘The velocity of B relative to A is vp Va, Similarly, the velocity of object A relative to object B is vA-Vpy "Their friend C was supposed to wait at a point on the road fora lift. Both of them forgot to pick up C, A and B reached the picnic spot within 2 hours and 2 hours 24 minutes respectively. (@ What was the velocity of B relative to A? (ii) Whatis the velocity of A relative to B?(iii) What are the velocities of A and B relative to C? OR Draw the Velocity vs. time plot for A? Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘There are many types of spring. Important among these are helical and spiral springs as shown in the figure. @) —THUOTTTTTT — 1b) Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the clastic potential energy of the spring. Thus, the potential energy of a spring is the energy associated with the state of compression or expansion of an elastic spring. (@ When the potential energy of a spring may be considered as zero? (il) The ratio of spring constants of two springs is 2 : 3. What is the ratio of their potential energy, if they are stretched by the same force? (ili) ‘The potential energy of a spring increases by 15 J when stretched by 3 cm. If its stretched by 4.cm, What will be the increase in potential energy? OR ‘The potential energy of a spring when stretched through a distance x is 10 J. What is the amount of work done on the same spring to stretch it through an additional distance x?Solution SAMPLE PAPER -4 Class 11 - Physics Section A curv?) Explanation: According to Einstein mass-energy relation, energy (E) = (mass) x (velocity of light) [ew 2 apy cxtmast= [as] Sot (@) 3005 Explanation: Here, the displacement of an objects given by x= (32 + 5)m ‘Therefore, velocity (v) = #¢ = S59. orv=6tms 0) “The work done in moving the object from t= 0tot= 98 W=f Fede iy “Te force acting on tis objects given by F= ma = m > 60, > 42 [using 0} Fem 6=6m=12N Also, Xp = 32 +5=3 x (OP +5=Smand att=5:s, X5=3.x (5) +5=80m Puc the values in Eg i), wei2x f de=12 [60-5] a W= 12 75=9005 (b) remains constant Explanation: Suppose the particle of mass m is moving with speed v parallel to x-axis as shown in figure, then at any time t coordinates of P x=v4y=bandz=0 ‘While componens of velocity will be v, (As tis moving parallel to x-axis) S0,b=#xp i Gk =ml ot b 0 v 00 am|vt x 0 vb] bk 06cm Explanation: For constant F, lV, Ala +Explanation: Second law of Kepler states thatthe radius vector from sun to the planet swaps equal area in equal time, (© Density of gas is constant in graph (i). ‘i Pa Explanation: p = 2 Density p remains constant when P/T or Volume remains constant. in graph () volume is decreasing, hence density is Increasing; while in graphs (i) and (ili) volume is increasing, hence, density is decreasing. {Note: That volume would have been constant in case the straight line in graph (it) had passed through origin.] (6) 125 x 105 Explanation: P= 4.5% 105 Pa; dQ= 800 13 V,=05 mis V>= 2m? aW=PCV-Vi)=45 x 1052-05)=6.75 x 10° Change in intemal energy, au=aq-aw = 800 x 10°-6.75 x 10°= 1.25 x 10°) (a) 51.2 covsec ‘Explanation: For first resonance: 307-3 + emf) For second resonance: 632= B40 val) Subsracting eqn (0) from (i), 632-307=4 or = (65.0 + 0.1) em (Because maximum error in measurement of length using metric sale would be 1 mm) v= Av = (65.0 + 0.1) « 512 cm/sec = 33200 + 51.2 cm/sec Hence, maximum error in velocity will be 51.2 cm/sec (ait Explanation: Pressure in limb I at B = Pressure in limb IL at A hp sa=m Hence specific pravity of liquid It = sp gravity of liquid t= 1.1 (by 42 Explanation: According tothe question, A(M) a B(M) oO pm = ci) From the above figure,0A = 0B =0C= 0D Now, Torque 7 = force perpendicular distance of line of action of force from axis of rotation ampeind xe = mgsind x 4 Again, Torque, 7 = Ta ‘Where, 7= moment of ie = 28 [Force and Torque frequency along axis of rotation passing through in end] ‘x = angular acceleration L_ me comgsind x $= a on mae cos Be ©) ENjka(T2-T) Explanation: Q = fnRAT =$xix bem (h-N) ENsko(2-T) (6 frequencies Explanation: Speed, wavelength and amplitude change as itis wavelling through diferent material on the other side frequency ‘must remain constant 1 conserve energy (which is dependent solely on frequency) rion (8) ‘Explanation: Work done W, is given by = -RT[log, Vi? weet bg, Rr lo, (22) Explanation: Escape velocity ofa projectile from the Earth, Vage = 11.2 kms Projection velocity of the projectile, vp = 3vese Mass of the projectile = m Let velocity of the projectile far away from the Earth = vy ‘Total energy of the projectile on the Earth = Fmnv3 — $mvFaeGravitational potential energy of the projectile far away from the Earth is zero. “Total energy ofthe projectile faraway from the Earth = 4mu? From ihe law of conservation of energy, we have dmg — dina, = dan = VBUeae =vix 2 1.68 knvs = 31.7 km/s (a) Both A and R are true and R Is the correct explanation of A. Explanation: The body i able wo move on a circular path due to centripetal force. The centripetal force incase of vehicle is provided by fictional fore. Ths, if the value of fictional force, amis ess than centripetal force, then itis not possible fbr a ‘vehicle to take a turn andthe bicycle would overturn, Ths, conlton for no overturing of vehicle i, mg > ae (a) Assertion and reason both ae correct statements and reason is correct explanation fr ssserion. ‘Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion. (© Ais true but R is false. Explanations Avogaico numb (N) represents the number of tons in 1 gram mole ofan element, it asthe dimensions of mole", Section B ua Explanation: Significant figure-6,0, 3,2. 0's beeween 2 non-zero digit are sgnfican. La Explanation: Significant igure 6,0, 32 Since, the number ess than 1, the zeros on the righ co dhe decimal before the fest non-zero integer is insigniicant. 20, Here m= 0.15 kg, u=20ms"!, v=O and t= 0.1 nleca) _ easx(0-29) ; Tay ‘The negative sign suggests thatthe force is a retarding force. Period of revolution of a satellite, Tis the time taken by the satellite to complete one revolution around the earth, ieerferenen of deena anti Average force applied by the player, F = mi -30N p= oq, |e pP=2m)/ SS oR Suppose M be the mass ofthe sun and R be the distance ofthe earth from the sun, then escape velocity, poses [288 * ote 217 x 10¢ms? ve = 42.17 kms! *. The escape speed for the solar system is 42.17 kms . Force, F = 10kN = 1 x 10'N Radius, r= 2mm = 2x 10-°m Area, A= m2 =m x (2 x 10°)?—batotn N/m? sb i0-tya — 7-96 % LON me! 23, At273 K temperature and 1 atm pressure means STP condition. Number of Hy molecules in volume of 22400 em? at STP = 6.02 x 102%Avogaeio's number) Hence, number of Hy molecules in 1 cm? of volume at STP 308 9 wow _ 2.6875 x 10! "Now, number of degrees of freedom associated with each Hp (diatomic) molecule = 5 ‘Total number of degrees of freedom associated with Lem? of gas = total number of molecules x total degrees of freedom =2.6875 x 10) x 5 = 1.34375 x 10" oR According (othe kinetic interpretation of temperature, mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule is directly proportional to its absolute temperature Le,, mi? oc T or 8x VT. 1f gas temperature T'= 0 K, the ims speed of yas molecules and hence kinetic energy of each molecule will be zero, Thus, the absolute zero temperature is the temperature at which all molecular motions stop altogether. Here u= 16 ms, v=0,5=0.4m, Asvi-ul=2as 2.02162 = 2a x 0.4 opa= 2018 rT Times, t= Here u=0, $= 100m, y= 0 kmir? ore = S120 Force required to produce acceleration a Fy=ma= 10! x 22 =247 x 108N Force required to overcome friction, Fy =pR= mg = 02 x 104 x 98= 1.96 x 104N Maximum force required by the engine for take off, FSR, +R) =247 x 10+ 1.96 x 10*= 443 x 108N, 5. Here J= 4.2 « 107 eng cal"! ‘Latent heat of steam, L.= 540 cal g"™ Mass of water = 1 g ‘Temperature of water = 100°C Initial volume, V = 1 em? Final volume, V2 = 1650 cm? Change in volume, Y= Vp Vj = 1650 - 1 = 1649 cm? ‘When I g of water at 100°C is changed to steam at 100°C, temperature remains constant. so the heat supplied is dQ= mL = 1 x 540 = 540 cal = 540 x 4.2 x 107 erg Pressure, P= L atm = 76 x 13.6 981 dyne cnr? From first law of thermodynamics, dU=dQ- Pav S40 x 4.2 x 107-76 x 136 x 981 x 1649= 22.68 x 10°- 1.67 x 10? =21.01 x 109=21 x 10% erg 27. When an object is thrown vertically upward or it falls vertically downward under gravity then an acceleration g = 10m downward due tothe earth's gravitational pull. Mass of pebble (m) = 0.05 kg, i. During upward motion [Net force acting on pebble (F) = ma = 0.05 x 10.N =0.50N (vertically downward) ‘During downward motion Net force acting on pebble (F) = ma=0.05 x10 N =0.50N (vertically downward) At the highest point Net force acting on pebible (F)=ma=0.05 x 10N 50 N (vertically downward) If pebble was thrown at an angle of 45° with the horizontal direction then acceleration acting ‘omit and therefore force acting on it will remain unchanged, ie. 0.50 N (vertically downward). Incase at the highest point the vertical component of velocity will be zeto but horizontal component of velocity will not be zero. Given, diameter, D = 1.30em = 1.3 x 10-m Coetficient of viscosity of water,» = 10"*Pa~ s Density of water, p = 10°kg/m* ‘The volume of the water flowing out per second is Vavd=v xnPave Real's numba, R= #5. = Case When V = 0.582 /min = 2se1e “nt eihn6rt0-8 Re 109x314 1.310? as + Re < 1000, so the flow is steady or streamline ‘Case When V = 4L/min = HALE pdt = 6.67 x10-8to Ren Gpbegienaenr? — 8 “Re > 3000, 50 the flow will be turbulent. oR ‘The Navier-Stokes equations form a vector cantinlty equation describing the conservation of linear momentum. If the fluid is an incompressible flow (p Is constant, the mass continuity equation simplifies to @ volume continuity equation: which means tha the divergence of velocity fied is zero everywhere. Consider a non-viscous liquid in streamline flow through a tube A B of varying cross-section Let ay, @y = area of cross-section at A and B. Vi, V2= Velocity of flow of liquid at 4 and B 8), Sy = Density of liquid at A and B ‘Volume of liquid entering per second at A = ay vy ‘Mass of liquid entering per second at A =a} vy 51 ‘Moss of liquid entering per second at B= ay vy 52. there is no oss of liquid in tube and flow is steady, then ‘Mass of liquid entering per second at A = Mass of liquid leaving per second at B MiS1= 02282 If the liquid is incompressible,si=8275 ay vy 8 = ayyys [tmeans the larger the area of cross-section, the smaller willbe the flow of liquid, Here 1 Dy = 2r = 21 = 2cm From equation of continuity ayy =a vy (qt ma beni (2)? =2% ae 1D) = 0.894 em Hence, dlameter of the outer opening Is 0.894 em as flow rate through ths area is high as compared to inital one. |. The wavelength of a harmonic wave s the distance covered by the wave motion during the time in which a medium particle ‘completes one vibration to and fro about its mean position. Alternately, iis the distance (parallel to the direction of wave propagation) between the consecutive repetitions ofthe shape of a wave. Its the minimum distance between two consecutive points in the sare phase. 4i, Frequency of a harmonic wave is the numberof vibrations per unit time by a medium element asthe wave passes through it ‘The frequency of a wave is defined as reciprocal of its time period and i related to angular frequency w by the relation, Frequency v= + = ST unit of frequency iss or Hz, 1. The amplitude of a harmonic wave isthe magnitude of maximum displacement of a medium particle (or element) from its equilibrium position as the wave passes through it. The amplitude of a wave isa positive quantity and is SI unit is 1 metre oR Given, y=6 sin 10nt + 8 cosm cm..(0) "Now the general equation ofthis type of wave Is Y=Asin(ot +4) Asinwteos$ + Acosut sind (Acos¢)sinust + (Asin g) cosit (il) ‘Comparing Eqs.) and (i), we get Acosd = 6..-(il) and A sin. = 8 sooo) Time period, T = 22 = 22 — 0.2 Squaring and adding Eqs.(it) and (iv), we get A? (cos? 6+ sin? 4) = 6? + 8? =36 + 64= 100or A? = 100 A= 10 cm, the amplitude of the given wave. Dividing Eq.iv) by (li), we get tang= $= 13333 2.9 = tan” 1(1.3333) = 53°8" the value of phase angle of the given wave in the question 30, Its given conductivities Ki and K are in series, Therefore rate of flow of heat energy is same. 31, "The angular frequency is given by o= f2 = (ES - ors Frequency, f = 3 = 72 = 1.59H2 ‘The time pertod, T= + — 745 = 0,63 = 630ms ‘The maximum amplitude ofthe oscillation = maximum displacement 2% =14 cm =0.14 m ‘The maximum speed of the oscillation Vy, fs given by Vp) WXq =10 X 0.14 =1.4 mis . The magnitude of maximum acceleration ofthe block is given by aq = Wy =100 % 0.14 =14 mvs? At time t= 0 the block is located at postion, x = xy - Then, from general equation of oscillation, x() = x;c0s (wt + 6) Bm = tp cos{0 x w + 4) s.c0s¢=1 6=0 ‘The required displacement function of the given oscillation with all the above values becomes, a(t) = &m coswt + 9) > x(t) = 0.14 « cos(10¢ + 0) x(t) = 0.14 cos tot Assume that = 0 when @= 9. Then, =A cosut Given a seconds pendulum w = 2 & Attime ty, let = cos2mt) = 1/2 >t) = —62nsinant [0 ath =} 0 = —0)2rsin 2 = —V3x0) ‘Thus the linear velocity is w= ~V37 Al perpendicular to the string. ‘The vertical component is uy = —V3x0tsindy and the horizontal component is us = —V8xB4L C0865,Atte time it snaps, the vertical height is H' = H+1(1-c0s($)) Let the time required fr fall be , then Hl ut + (1/2)g¢ (notice g is also in the negative direction) on, Ft? + V3x0ol sin Oot — H'=0 — Vetting PIE DOE vio yaa aam Neglecting terms of order 6 and heigher. a Vo Now HH +h 1)=H.ty/BE ‘he distance travelled in the x-direction is ut the lef of where ic snapped. X= Ful cost /2% ‘Toorder of X= VBub01/2H = [Fat Atthe time of snapping, the bob was {sin 1M distance from A. ‘Thus, the distance from A is 16, ~ (210, = 000 ~ 6H) 32. Consider new Careeslan coordinates in which X-axis is along inclined plane OP and OY-axls perpendicular to tas shown in the figure. Consider the motion of the projectile from OAP. ay = —geosa ATO and P, y=0 ty = v4 sin (8), t= T where Tis time of flight ‘We calculate the time Of flight part (b) before part (a): ‘The motion of projectile along new OY axis. Using the equation: s= ut + Zgf® 550, w= uy=vpsind, 9= gy =v sin (7) + 1(—gcosaa)T? 0=wsin A(T) ~ feosa(T)* T [vo sin8 ~ T$cosa] = 0 Elher T= 0 or tysing — feosa=0 Zeosa =v) sin 8 Time of flight from O10 P is, T= 22582 ALT= 0, projects at © andar = 22882, esate a. Consider motion along OX axis x= Lu, = ty c08(4),ae = ~gsin() 2sing ta T= Feo sugt+ tot? wp cos A(T) + $(—gsina)T* = T [mp cos 9 ~ Fgsina. T] aang & ‘gous cr 2osas yes {tacos — 2ysina-= 14 eas cosa —sin sina] aoe -cos(ar + 8) [Range On the Plane Surface] Time of flight done above = L will be maximum or maximum range along new OX axis. From above relation of L, it will be maximum when sin(9)cos(a + 8) is maximum as ‘a isa constant angle of inclination of the plane. 0, c08*(a) is constant Z = sin(8) cos(a + 8) sin Aleosercos — sin asin Z= 3(cosa2sin Bcos 8 — sin a2 sin” A] (cosaasin 2 — sin a(1 — cos2)] cosaasin 2 ~ sina + sin a.cos26) >L= oR Let us first calculate the lengths of PQ and AC, PQ = y/50* + 50? = 50v2 AC = \/100? + 100? = 1002 ‘Time(T,) taken through path A+ P+ Q+C laPsoc) , Fo. #2 ~ 100v2—s0v2+ 2 q 28 —soyau+ 4) ‘Time taken along the path A+ R-+ C= 4" oan, , Using Pythagoras theorem, we get AR? = AO? + OR? = (7)? + (2)? = sono + 1250 = 6250 AR = V6250 = 25/10 s 2x 25/T0s = 50/T0s For Taand < Tous We have Bove + 4] < 50/10 +3 XDy- YPx ‘The linear momentum of the particle in cartesian coordinate, B = psi + pyj + pk Position vector of the particle in cartesian coordiantes = wi + jj + zk |As we know the angular momentum of a moving particle about a point is given as, = xb where p and rare linear momentum and poston vector respectively, +91 +28) x (pei + md+ pk) jk ye Ps Py Ps - Lei 4 by) + k= i (ype — =0y) — j (eps — =e) + B(@py ~ upe) i (up. — 204) +5 (ap. + =p.) + k(epy — wpe) ‘Comparing the coefficients of 7, j, and k we get the components of angular momentum as : I= YP. 2 XD; + 2x «--ofi) = xPy-¥Ps > if he panicle moves in the xy plane only. Hence, the z-component of the position vector and component of linear momentum vector become 210, ke,z=p=0 ‘Thus, equation (i) reduces to: =o 0 1 =%Py- Px ‘Therefore, when the particle is confined to move in the x-y plane, the x and y components of linear momentum are zero and hence the direction of angular momentum is along the z-direction, Section E, Readl the text carefully and answer the questions: 2 friends started for a pienic spot, in two different cars. A drove his car at a constant velocity 60 knw/h. B drove his car at a constant velocity 50 km/h. ‘The velocity of B relative to A 1s Vp Va ‘Similarly, the velocity of object A relative to object B is va-vg Their friend C was supposed to wait at @ point on the road fora lift, Both of them forgot to pick up C. A and B reached the picnic spot within 2 hours and 2 hours 24 minutes respectively. (D The velocity of B relative to A is vp-Va= 50-60 0 ken (i) The velocity of A relative to Bis Va Vp = 60-50 = 10 kwh (Since C is in stationary position, his velocity was 0. Hence the velocity of 4 relative to C is 60 - 0 = 60 kmh and the velocity of B relative to C Is 50-0 = 50 km/h, OR ‘Velocity time graph is as shown below Velocity (kem/h) 60 time 2 35, Read the text carefully and answer the questions: ‘There are many types of spring. Important among these are helical and spiral springs as shown in the figure 2) —TOTOTTTIS-— (v) ‘Usually, we assume that the springs are massless. Therefore, work done is stored in the spring in the form of the elastic potential energy ofthe spring. Thus, the potential energy ofa spring is the energy associated with the state of compression or expansion of an elastic spring. ( Itmay be considered as zero, when the spring i in normal position. (i) Bi Ba EbAL & B if distance = x, Ey = 4 kx? = 101 ‘on increasing the distance x more By = $h(22)? = 2hx? ‘0 inerease in potential energy = Ey Et = (2-4) KX? 2 Kx? =3 x Lhe? =3 x 10=30 Joule 30 work required = 30 - 10 = 20 Joule