Year 8 End of Topic Test Forces
Name: _____________________________________ Date: ______________
Marks __________ %:_____________ Level: ________________
Q1.
A gannet is a type of sea bird.
(a) When a gannet flies at a constant height above the sea, there is a downward force
of 30N on the gannet.
What is the size of the upward force on the gannet?
Tick the correct box.
less than 30N
exactly 30N
more than 30N
need more information
1 mark
(b) To catch food, the gannet dives down into the sea.
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What is the useful energy transfer when the gannet dives?
Choose words from the box below.
thermal gravitational potential sound kinetic light
When the gannet dives, ................................................................. energy is
transferred to ........................................................................ energy.
2 marks
(c) Label the arrows to show the names of the forces acting on the gannet as it dives.
2 marks
(d) Gannets have pockets of air between their muscles and their skin.
Suggest how this is a good adaptation for gannets when they hit the water at fast
speeds.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(e) The gannet releases energy through respiration.
An aeroplane also releases energy when fossil fuels burn.
Write two other ways that respiration and burning are similar.
1 ...................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................... 2 marks
maximum 8 marks
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Q2.
A student investigated how the extension of a spring depends on the force applied to the
spring.
The diagram shows the spring before and after a force had been applied.
(a) (i) Complete the following sentence using letters, A, B, C or D, from the diagram.
The extension of the spring is the distance between the positions labelled
......................and ...................... on the metre rule.
(1)
(ii) What form of energy is stored in the stretched spring?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
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(b) The results from the investigation are plotted on the following graph.
(i) The graph shows that the student has made an error throughout the
investigation.
What error has the student made?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
Give the reason for your answer.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
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(ii) The student has loaded the spring beyond its limit of proportionality.
Mark on the graph line the limit of proportionality of the spring. Label the point
P.
Give the reason for choosing your point P.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(2)
(c) The student uses a different spring as a spring balance. When the student hangs a
stone from this spring, its extension is 72 mm.
The spring does not go past the limit of proportionality.
Calculate the force exerted by the stone on the spring.
spring constant = 25 N/m
Use the equation F=ke
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Force = .................................................. N
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
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Q3.
The graph shows the results of a test in which a car accelerates to its maximum speed.
(a) (i) Describe how the acceleration of the car changes after the car has started to
move.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) How does the resultant force on the car change?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
The car has a mass of 1000 kg and the maximum forward force on the car, produced by
the engine, is 4000 N.
It is claimed that the car will accelerate from 0 to 24 m/s in 6 seconds.
(b) Use calculations and the equation:
Force = mass x acceleration
with the correct units, to show that the claim is false.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
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3 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Q4.
Tom tries on four types of footwear in a sports shop.
ski boot trainer
ice skate walking boot
(a) (i) When Tom tries on the footwear, which one sinks into the carpet the most?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) When Tom tries on the footwear, what is the same for each type of footwear?
Tick the correct box.
the area of the footwear
Tom’s weight on the footwear
the material of the footwear
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the weight of the footwear
1 mark
(b) The drawing below shows a snowshoe.
How do snowshoes help people to walk in deep snow?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence below.
air resistance friction gravity magnetism
When Tom is ice skating the force of ..........................................................
between the skate and the ice is less than when he is walking on a carpet.
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q5.
A drawing pin is pressed into a notice board.
The pin is pressed into the notice board with a force of 20 N.
The head of the drawing pin has an area of 100 mm2.
The point of the pin has an area of 0.1 mm2.
(a) What is the size of the force exerted by the point of the pin on the notice board?
.................................................................................................................. N
1 mark
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(b) Calculate the pressure exerted by the point of the drawing pin.
Give the unit.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 3 marks
Q6.
(a) Two syringes are connected together as shown in the diagram below.
A force of 20 N is applied to the piston in syringe A.
(i) Calculate the pressure that the piston in syringe A exerts on the oil.
Give the units.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
(ii) Calculate the force needed to just prevent the piston in syringe B from
moving out. Give the unit.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
(b) The diagram below shows the brake pedal used to operate the brakes in a car.
The foot applies a force of 50 N.
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(i) Calculate the force applied to the piston P. Give the unit.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
(ii) The brake fluid pushes another piston, Q, which is attached to the car’s
brakes.
Piston Q has an area which is eight times larger than piston P.
Calculate the force on the car’s brakes. Give the unit.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q8.
A box has 3 forces acting upon it. The force acting north is 5N, west is 4N and south 6N. Using the
squared section on the next page, draw a free body diagram to find the direction and magnitude of the
resultant force. [5marks]
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Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) exactly 30 N
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L5)
(b) • gravitational potential
• kinetic
accept ‘gravitational’ or ‘potential’ for gravitational potential
award one mark for each correct answer
answers must be in the correct order
2 (L5)
(c) any one from
• air resistance
accept ‘drag’
‘resistance’ is insufficient
• friction
‘upthrust’ is insufficient as it is negligible in this case
answers must be in the correct order
1 (L5)
any one from
• weight
accept ‘gravity’
‘thrust’ is insufficient
• gravitational (force)
1 (L5)
(d) any one from
• they cushion the impact with water
accept ‘protects organs or muscles’
‘for protection’ is insufficient
• it acts as a shock absorber
accept ‘to make it buoyant after the dive’
accept ‘helps them float or get back up’
‘stops hurting them’ is insufficient
‘slows them down’ is insufficient
‘insulation’ or ‘keeps them warm’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(e) any two from
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• (both) require oxygen
accept ‘they (both) use oxygen’
• (both) produce carbon dioxide
• (both) produce water
answers referring to energy are insufficient e.g. ‘they
produce heat’
2 (L6)
[8]
Q2.
(a) (i) BC
either order
1
(ii) elastic potential (energy)
accept strain for elastic
1
(b) (i) mark both parts together
1
measured / recorded the length of the spring (and not extension)
accept measured A–C (and not B–C)
accept did not work out/measure the extension
extension does not equal zero when force = 0
accept line should pass through the origin
1
(ii) point marked at 5.5 (N)
accept any point between 5.0 and 5.6 inclusive
1
up to that point force and extension are (directly) proportional
accept it’s at the end of the straight part (of the graph line)
accept past that point force and extension are no longer
(directly) proportional
accept the line starts to curve
1
(c) 1.8
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 25 x 0.072 provided
no subsequent step shown
an answer 1800 gains 1 mark
an incorrect conversion from mm to m with a subsequent
correct calculation gains 1 mark
2
[8]
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Q3.
(a) (i) it decreases
accept ‘it is fast at the beginning and then slows down’
accept ‘it is constant at first and then decreases’
do not accept ‘it increases at first and then decreases’
1
(ii) it decreases
1
(b) units are required for each of the calculation mark
EITHER
• maximum possible acceleration
accept ‘4000 ÷ 1000 = 4 m/s2’is 4 m/s2 or 4 m s–2
1
• average acceleration is 4 m/s2 or 4 m s–2
accept ‘24 ÷ 6 = 4 m/s2’
1
• average acceleration will be less than the maximum due to friction
or due to the mass of the driver
1
OR
• maximum possible acceleration = 4 m/s2 or 4 m s–2
accept ‘4000 ÷ 1000 = 4 m/s2’
• maximum speed after 6 s is 24 m/s or 24 m s–1
accept ‘4 × 6 = 24 m/s’
• actual speed will be less than this due to friction
or due to the mass of the driver
OR
• maximum possible acceleration = 4 m/s2 or 4 m s–2
accept ‘4000 ÷ 1000 = 4 m/s2’
• minimum time to reach 24 m/s is 6 s
accept ‘24 ÷ 4 = 6 s’
• actual time will be more than this due to friction
or due to the mass of the driver
OR
• average acceleration is 4 m/s2 or 4 m s–2
accept ‘24 ÷ 6 = 4 m/s2’
• average force is 4000 N
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accept ‘4 × 1 000 = 4000 N’
• force from the engine must be more than this to overcome friction
[5]
Q4.
(a) (i) ice skate
accept ‘skate’
1 (L3)
(ii) Tom’s weight on the footwear
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
(b) any one from
• they do not sink in
• they have a big surface
accept ‘they are wide’ or ‘they are big’
accept ‘they spread out your weight’
do not accept ‘you won’t get your feet stuck in the snow’
accept ‘they reduce the pressure’
do not accept ‘they spread out your pressure’
1 (L3)
(c) friction
1 (L4)
[4]
Q5.
(a) 20
1 (L7)
(b) 200
accept ‘20 ÷ 0.1’ or answer to (a) ÷ 0.1
1 (L7)
N/mm²
accept ‘Nmm–²’
accept ‘200 000 000 N/m²’
or ‘2 × 108 Pa’ for both marks
1 (L7)
[3]
Q6.
(a) (i) 40 N/cm2
the unit is required for the mark
accept ‘400 000 Pa’
1
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(ii) 200 N
the unit of force is required for the mark
consequential marking applies
accept numerical answer to (a)(i) × 5 cm2
1
(b) (i) 200 N
the unit is required for the mark
1
(ii) 1600 N
the unit of force is required for the mark
consequential marking applies
accept numerical answer to (b) (i) × 8
1
[4]
Q8
1 mark for each arrow drawn correctly (total 3) OR 1 of the marks for resolving the north and south forces
1 mark for the correct resultant force direction
1 mark for correct magnitude (dependent on students drawing, but should be 4 and 4.2cm)
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