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Lagrange's Interpolation
The Lagrangian polynomial method is a very straight forward approach. The method perhaps is the simplest way to
exhibit the existence of a polynomial for interpolation with uneven spaced data.

LAGRANGE'S INTERPOLATION

The Lagrangian polynomial method is a very straight forward approach. The method perhaps is the simplest way to exhibit the
existence of a polynomial for interpolation with uneven spaced data. Data, where the x-values are not equi-spaced often occur
as the result of experimental observations or when historical datas are examined.

Suppose,we have a table of data with four pairs of x and f(x) values. With x; indexed by variable 'i':

Here, we do not assume uniform spacing between the x-values, nor we need the x-values arranged in a particular order. All the
x-values must be distinct, however, through these four data pairs, we can pass a cubic. The Lagrangian form for this is

The arithmetic in this method is tedious, although hand calculators are convenient for this type of computation. Writing a
computer program that implements the method is not hard to do. Both MATLAB and Mathematica can get interpolating
polynomials of any degree. An interpolating polynomial, although passing through the points used in its construction does not,
in general, give exactly correct values when used for interpolation. The reason is that the underlying relationship is often not a
polynomial of the same degree. We are interested in the error of interpolation.

The expression for error is interesting but is not always extremely useful. We can conclude, however, that if the function is
"smooth", a low-degree polynomial should work satisfactory. On the other hand, a "rough" function can be expressed to have
larger errors, when interpolated.

1. Find the polynomial f(x) by using Lagrange's formula and hence find f(3)for

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Solution:

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2. Using Lagrange's interpolation, calculate the profit in the year 2000 from the following data:

Solution: Given:

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3. Find the third degree polynomial f(x) satisfying the following data:

Solution:

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4. Using Lagrange interpolation find y(2)from the following data.

Solution: Given:

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5. Using Lagrange's interpolation formula, find f(4) given that f(0) = 2,f(1)=3, f(2)=12, f(15)=3587

Solution:Given

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6. Using Lagrange's interpolation formula, find y(10) given that y(5)=12,y(6)=13,y(9)=14,y(11)=16.

Solution:

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7. Using Lagrange’s formula, fit a polynomial to the data

Solution:Given

8. The mode of a certain frequency curve y=f(x) is very nearer to x=9andthevaluesofthefrequencydensityf(x) for x =
8.9, 9, 9.3 are 0.30, 0.35 and 0.25 respectively. Calculate the approximate value of the mode.

Solution:Given:

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9. Using Lagrange's formula, prove y1=y3-0.3(y5y-3)+0.2(y-3+y-5) nearly.

Solution:

Here ,y-5,y-3,y3,y5 are the terms in the given expression. So, we have the table

10. Find the parabola is of the form y=ax2+bx+c passing through the points (0,0), (1,1) and (2,20).

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Solution: By Lagrange's interpolation formula, we have

11. Find the Lagrangian interpolating polynomial for the following data:

12. Use Lagrange's method to find log10656,giventhatlog10654=2.8156,log10658=2.8182,log10659=2.8189and

Solution:Given
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13. Use Lagrange's formula to find the value of y at x=6 from the following data

14. Given the values

Find f(27) by using Lagrange's interpolation formula.

Solution:

Given:

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15. Find the expression of f(x) using Lagrange's formula for the following data:

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