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SEC 450

Curriculum Development Models

Professor Johnathon Roberts

Comparing and Contrasting Curriculum Development Models

Curriculum development plays a vital role in shaping the educational experiences of

students. It involves careful planning and organization to ensure effective teaching and learning.

Among the different methods of curriculum design, three main models are commonly

recognized: subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered. Each of these models has

unique features and theoretical foundations that affect how education is structured and delivered.

They address the varied needs of learners, making it essential for educators to consider which

approach best suits their students.

Subject-centered curriculum focuses on the mastery of content and the organization of

knowledge into specific subjects or disciplines. This model stresses the importance of factual

knowledge and academic rigor. The curriculum is often highly structured, following a defined

sequence of topics. Typically, teaching is delivered through lectures and textbooks, with

assessments designed to evaluate students' understanding of the material. A key element of this

approach is its reliance on behaviorism, a learning theory where the emphasis is placed on

reinforcement and repetition. Students are expected to learn primarily by receiving information

and practicing specific skills until they achieve proficiency. In contrast, the learner-centered
curriculum shifts the focus away from the content itself and towards the individual needs,

interests, and experiences of the students. This model promotes an active role for learners in the

educational process. Rather than passively receiving information, students are encouraged to

engage fully with the material. Important aspects of this model include collaborative learning,

where students work together, and personalized instruction that takes into account each learner's

unique background. This approach fosters critical thinking skills. Constructivist theories support

this model, suggesting that knowledge is built through personal experiences and social

interactions. The problem-centered curriculum takes a different direction by focusing on real-

world issues or challenges. This model encourages students to engage with complex problems

that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The curriculum is designed to integrate

various subjects, helping students see connections between different areas of knowledge.

Inquiry-based learning is central to this approach, allowing students to investigate questions that

are relevant to their lives or societal concerns. The theoretical basis for this model is rooted in

experiential learning theories. These theories stress the importance of learning through direct

experience and thoughtful reflection on that experience. Curriculum development is a crucial

component of education that impacts student learning.

The subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered models each offer distinct

frameworks for curriculum design. Each model has its characteristics and theoretical

backgrounds, affecting how teaching and learning are approached in educational settings.

Understanding these differences helps educators create effective curricula that meet the diverse

needs of students.

Curriculum models must be flexible to cater to the varied needs of gifted students,

English Language Learners (ELLs), and students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)
or 504 plans. Each group requires specialized approaches that enhance their learning experience.

Gifted students often benefit from tailored educational strategies. In a subject-centered approach,

these learners thrive with advanced courses that challenge their intellect. Enrichment

opportunities allow them to explore topics beyond the standard curriculum. A learner-centered

model further supports gifted students by letting them choose projects based on their interests.

This personalized approach fosters motivation and engagement. Lastly, the problem-centered

model encourages these students to engage with complex problems. By tackling real-world

challenges, they develop higher-order thinking skills and delve deeper into subjects of interest.

English Language Learners (ELLs) face unique challenges in the classroom. A subject-centered

approach may require specialized scaffolding techniques to aid in their language acquisition

while they learn key concepts. This support includes visual aids and interactive activities that

make content accessible. In a learner-centered model, language development is prioritized

through collaborative activities. Working in pairs or small groups allows ELLs to practice their

language skills in a supportive environment, using culturally relevant materials that resonate with

their experiences. The problem-centered approach offers another layer of relevance. By focusing

on real-world problems, ELLs can practice language skills in context, making learning more

meaningful and practical. Students with IEPs or 504 plans need individualized attention to

succeed. A subject-centered approach can include modifications like extra time on tests or

alternative forms of assessment. These changes ensure that all students can access the same core

content despite their differences. In a learner-centered model, instruction is tailored to individual

strengths and needs. This customization keeps students engaged and helps them grasp the

material effectively. The problem-centered approach also benefits these learners by incorporating

collaborative problem-solving activities. Such activities allow students to contribute their unique
perspectives while honing their social skills within a group setting. By adapting curriculum

models to meet the diverse needs of these student groups is essential. Each model offers specific

strategies that can enhance learning, ensuring that all students reach their full potential.

Technology plays an essential role in improving teaching across all three curriculum

models: subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered. Each model can benefit from

different technological tools and resources that enhance the learning experience.

In the subject-centered model, which focuses on content knowledge, digital resources serve as

valuable supplements to traditional teaching methods. Interactive textbooks, for example, engage

students by allowing them to explore content actively. Online quizzes provide immediate

feedback, enabling students to identify their strengths and weaknesses quickly. These tools create

additional opportunities for practice, helping students master the material at their own pace. The

learner-centered model emphasizes personalized learning that meets each student’s needs.

Technology makes this possible through adaptive software. Such programs adjust the difficulty

of tasks based on how well the student performs, ensuring that each learner is challenged

appropriately. Additionally, online platforms promote collaboration among students. Even if

students are in different locations, they can work together on projects, sharing ideas and

resources to enhance their understanding of the subject matter. In the problem-centered model,

students focus on real-world issues. Technology offers tools like simulations and virtual labs,

which allow students to tackle these problems in a safe setting. They can experiment with

solutions and see the consequences of their actions without real-life risks. This hands-on

approach makes learning relevant and engaging, as students can apply their knowledge to solve

authentic challenges.
 In summary, each curriculum model—whether subject-centered, learner-centered, or

problem-centered—provides distinct benefits that cater to a wide range of student needs. By

integrating technology thoughtfully into these frameworks, educators can refine their teaching

methods and improve learning outcomes for diverse student populations.

Bruner, Jerome S., “The Process of Education.” Harvard University Press.

Dewey, John. “Experience And Education.” Kappa Delta Pi.

Gentry, Marcia et al., “Gifted Education in Rural Schools.” Journal for the Education of the

Gifted.

Ornstein, Allan C., et al. “Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, and Issues.” Pearson

Education.

Tomlinson, Carol Ann. “The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of All

Learners.” ASCD.