2023 IEEE International Conference on Next Generation Electronics (NEleX 2023)

Iot based integrated health care monitoring system

*note: sub-titles are not captured in xplore and should not be used

Ms. Sneha K Department of Sai Prakash Guntreddi Pallavi P Department

Electronics and Communication Department of Electronics and of Electronics and Communication
Engineering Velagapudi Communication Engineering Engineering Velagapudi
Ramakrishna Siddhartha Velagapudi Ramakrishna Ramakrishna Siddhartha
Siddhartha Engineering College Engineering College Deemed to be
Engineering College Deemed to
Deemed to be university university Vijayawada, Andhra
be university Vijayawada, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh [email protected]

Durga Sai Nikhil Garikipati

Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Velagapudi Ramakrishna
Siddhartha Engineering College
Deemed to be university
Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh
[email protected]

Abstract— each nation currently places a high underserved regions. With the advent of iot-based health
value on healthcare, therefore from this perspective, an monitoring systems, medical professionals can now monitor
iot-based health monitoring system is the best way to patients’ vital signs remotely, offering timely interventions
address all health issues. The internet of things (iot) is a and reducing the need for hospital visits.
recent internet revolution that is expanding research This innovation addresses critical health concerns such as
fields, particularly in the field of healthcare. Even if a abnormal oxygen levels, irregular body temperature, and
doctor is far away, iot health monitoring makes it fluctuating heart rates, which are often indicators of
possible to diagnose a patient’s condition accurately and underlying medical issues. Additionally, the increasing
stop the spread of infections. In this project a portable prevalence of chronic diseases and conditions like paralysis
remote health monitoring system is developed using iot has underscored the necessity of advanced monitoring tools.
which can show the patient’s oxygen level in the blood, Current methods for detecting paralysis and tracking its
body temperature, heart rate. For iv bag level symptoms are limited in scope and often depend on
monitoring, load cell is used to indicate fall in level of subjective assessments. To bridge this gap, iot technology,
glucose. The oximeter is also included to know the combined with sensors such as accelerometers, provides a
oxygen level in the blood whether it is increase or precise and objective means of monitoring muscular activity
and identifying early signs of paralysis. The formatter will
decrease. Nowadays small number of re searcher are
need to create these components, incorporating the applicable
involved in identifying the paralysis using sensor, so in
criteria that follow.
this project symptoms for paralysis is also identified.
This will be more helpful for the patient who is suffering Motivation and inspiration
from paralysis. The accelerometer which is used to The growing demand for accessible, efficient, and
detect the changes in the muscular activity of the proactive healthcare solutions has been a driving force
paralysis patient. The changes in the body will be behind the development of iot-based health monitoring
identified through this sensor. systems. The inspiration for this project stems from the
challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers,
Introduction especially in scenarios where immediate medical attention is
In recent years, healthcare systems have witnessed a critical but unavailable due to geographical or logistical
surge in the adoption of technology driven solutions to barriers.
enhance medical services and improve patient outcomes. in particular, the limitations of traditional healthcare
Among these advancements, the internet of things (iot) has systems in offering real-time monitoring of vital parameters
emerged as a transformative force, connecting devices and inspired the idea of leveraging iot technology to bridge these
enabling seamless data exchange in real time. The integration gaps. Chronic conditions such as paralysis and other
of iot in healthcare has opened new avenues for patient mobility-related disorders require continuous monitoring,
monitoring, disease prevention, and efficient management of which is often difficult to achieve using conventional
health-related challenges. Traditional healthcare systems methods. The motivation to create a system that could
often rely on in-person consultations, limiting their provide early detection of symptoms, especially for
accessibility and effectiveness, especially in remote or conditions like paralysis, arose from the desire to enhance

979-8-3503-1908-8/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE

the quality of life for patients and reduce the burden on automated iv fluid monitoring in current systems leads to
caregivers and healthcare professionals. inefficiencies and risks in patient care. The underutilization
another source of inspiration was the need for a portable of iot technology in healthcare further exacerbates these
and user-friendly solution that could cater to a wide range of issues, as it holds immense potential to revolutionize patient
patients, from those requiring basic health monitoring to monitoring and care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to
those with complex medical conditions. The integration of develop an iot-based portable health monitoring system that
features like iv bag level monitoring and blood oxygen addresses these challenges by offering real-time tracking,
tracking reflects a commitment to addressing practical and remote diagnostic capabilities, and integrated functionalities
critical healthcare challenges in a single system. to improve healthcare outcomes

Objectives
• Develop a portable iot-based health monitoring
Proposed solutions
system:create a compact and user-friendly system for To address the identified challenges in healthcare
real-time health parameter monitoring. monitoring, this project proposes the development of a
portable iot-based health monitoring system that
• monitor vital health parameters:measure and display
integrates multiple functionalities to provide real-time,
critical indicators such as blood oxygen levels, body
accurate, and efficient patient care. The system will
temperature, and heart rate.
include sensors for monitoring vital parameters such as
• integrate iv bag level monitoring:utilize a load cell to blood oxygen levels, body temperature, and heart rate,
detect and notify a decrease in the glucose level in iv ensuring continuous tracking and timely alerts for any
bags for timely intervention. abnormalities. To tackle the issue of iv fluid monitoring,
the system incorporates a load cell to measure the
• enhance paralysis detection:identify early symptoms of
glucose levels in iv bags, providing automated alerts to
paralysis using sensors like accelerometers to monitor
caregivers when replenishment is needed. For paralysis
changes in muscular activity.
detection, the system utilizes an accelerometer sensor to
•facilitate remote healthcare:enable accurate diagnosis monitor changes in muscular activity, enabling early
and monitoring of patients, even in remote locations, identification of paralysis symptoms and facilitating
reducing the need for physical consultations prompt medical intervention. The iot-based design
ensures seamless connectivity and data transmission,
•provide a comprehensive solution:combine multiple
allowing healthcare professionals to monitor patients
functionalitiesinto a single system to address a wide
remotely and offer timely diagnoses, even in remote or
range of health monitoring needs efficiently.
underserved locations. The system’s portable and
Scope compact design makes it suitable for use in a variety of
settings, including homes, hospitals, and rural health
The scope of this project involves developing an iot- centers. By combining iot technology with advanced
based health monitoring system to address critical sensors, the proposed solution aims to enhance the
healthcare challenges by enabling real-time monitoring accessibility, efficiency, and quality of healthcare
of vital parameters such as blood oxygen levels, body services, ultimately improving patient outcomes and
temperature, and heart rate. The system facilitates addressing gaps in existing healthcare systems.
remote healthcare, allowing medical professionals to
diagnose and monitor patients from a distance, especially
in rural or underserved areas. It includes features like iv Methodology
bag level monitoring using load cells and paralysis
detection through accelerometer sensors, offering timely
alerts for better patient care. Designed to be portable and
versatile, the system caters to a wide range of healthcare
needs, from home-based care to hospital settings.
Furthermore, it highlights the transformative potential of
iot in modern healthcare, paving the way for scalable and
customizable solutions to enhance accessibility and
efficiency.
Problem statements
The lack of accessible, real-time, and comprehensive health
monitoring systems presents a significant challenge in
delivering effective healthcare, particularly in remote and
un- chapter 2 – literature review 11 derserved areas.
Traditional healthcare approaches often fail to provide
timely diagnosis and continuous monitoring of critical  Lcd display: the lcd is connected to the arduino for
visual output. It usesthe following pins: db7, db6,
health parameters such as blood oxygen levels, body
db5, db4, db3, db2, db1, db0: data pins. Rs (register
temperature, and heart rate. Additionally, existing methods select) and rw (read/write): control signals for the lcd.
for detecting paralysis symptoms rely heavily on subjective E (enable): used to signal data transfer. Vdd/vcc:
assessments, delaying intervention. Similarly, the absence of
 power (connected to arduino’s 5v pin). V0: lcd Comparision between normal people and
contrast adjustment pin.
paralyzed people.
 ecg sensor: this sensor captures electrical activity
from the heart (electrocardiogram). The signal output
of the ecg sensor is connected to one of the analog Parameter Normal Paralyzed
pins (a0–a15) on the arduino to read and process the individuals individuals
analog signals.“compliment”, “discreet” and
“discrete”, “principal” and “principle”. Heart rate (bpm) 60–100 bpm May vary often
elevated due to
 Accelerometer: measures acceleration along various stress inactivity
axes. It is connected to analog pins (e.g., 80–120
 proposed approach 15 (e.g., a1, a2, a3) to read analog bpm)
signals for x, y, and z-axis measurements. Blood pressure 90/60 to 120/80 Can be low (e.g.,
 Dht11 sensor: measures temperature and humidity. mmhg 90/60 mmhg) or
Connections: vcc: power from arduino’s 5v pin. Gnd: high depending
ground connection. Signal pin: connected to a digital on autonomic
pin (e.g., d23). dysregulation
 buzzer: used for alert sounds or notifications. Oxygen (pao2) 75–100 mmhg May decrease
Connections: one pin connected to gnd. Other pin slightly if
connected to a digital pin (e.g., d30) on the arduino mobility is
for control. restricted (e.g.,
 Arduino mega 2560: this microcontroller is the 70–95 mmhg)
central processing unit that processes data from all Spo2 (%) 95–100% May reduce if
sensors and controls peripherals like the lcd and respiratory
buzzer. It provides: multiple analog inputs (a0–a15). complications
Digital i/o pins (d0–d53). Communication interfaces arise (e.g., 90–
such as i2c (scl, sda) and uart (tx/rx). Power supply 95)%
pins (5v, 3.3v, gnd). Power supply: the entire circuit
gets power from the arduino mega 2560, which is Temperature (°c) 36.5–37.5°c May vary due to
powered either by usb or an external power source. autonomic
The 5v and gnd lines are shared among all dysfunction
components for consistent power and grounding. (e.g., 35–38°c)
Hardware implementation

For paralyzed individuals, regular monitoring of heart rate,

blood pressure, oxygen levels, and body temperature is
essential due to potential complications like elevated heart
rate, hypotension, or autonomic dysreflexia. Supportive care
includes managing respiratory health with oxygen therapy,
maintaining thermoregulation, and ensuring adequate
nutrition. Physical therapy, range-of-motion exercises, and
mobility aids are crucial to prevent complications such as
pressure sores and to maintain circulation. These measures
help manage the physiological changes associated with
paralysis, improving overall health and quality of life.

Ecg monitoring
 form the foundation of a comprehensive iot-based health
monitoring system, enabling continuous, real-time data
collection and analysis for better diagnosis and patient care.
Movement detection

The ecg (electrocardiogram) sensor is a critical device

used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. By
detecting the small electrical signals generated by the heart An accelerometer is a sensor used to measure acceleration
during each beat, the ecg sensor helps create a waveform that forces acting on an object, either due to gravity or motion. It
provides valuable insights into cardiac health. It is used to detects changes in velocity or position by sensing the forces
diagnose heart conditions such as arrhythmias and irregular exerted on its internal components, usually piezoelectric
heart rates. Modern ecg sensors are often compact and crystals or capacitive plates. Movement detection using an
integrate with microcontrollers for real-time data collection, accelerometer involves monitoring these forces to determine
making them suitable for portable and wearable healthcare shifts in orientation, motion patterns, and direction. By
devices. In combination with iot technology, these sensors analyzing these forces, the accelerometer can detect
can wirelessly transmit data to healthcare providers, allowing activities such as walking, running, falling, or staying
for continuous monitoring and timely interventions.
stationary. It provides data in three dimensions (x, y, and z
Additionally, the dht11 sensor, which measures temperature
axes), allowing for a comprehensive understanding of an
and humidity, plays a complementary role in health
monitoring systems. It uses a capacitive humidity sensing object’s movement in space. These sensors are highly
element and a thermistor to provide accurate environmental sensitive and capable of capturing even subtle movements,
readings, which are crucial for maintaining optimal making them invaluable in both industrial and healthcare
conditions for patient care. The dht11 is often used in iot- applications.
based systems to monitor patient environments, ensuring Spo2 level Monitoring
proper temperature and humidity levels for recovery.
Temperature monitoring

Spo2 level monitoring overview: spo2, or peripheral

capillary oxygen saturation, is a vital health parameter that
measures the percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin in
the blood. It provides an indirect assessment of how
effectively oxygen is being transported to different parts of
The accelerometer sensor measures acceleration forces the body, particularly to vital organs like the brain and heart.
acting on an object, including static forces like gravity and Normal spo2 levels typically range between 95
dynamic forces caused by motion. In healthcare applications,
accelerometers are essential for tracking physical activity,
detecting abnormal movements, and monitoring conditions Conclusion
like paralysis. By analyzing body motion or changes in
The development of an iot-based health monitoring system
posture, accelerometers can provide real-time data on a
patient’s activity, helping in the early detection of symptoms offers a transformative solution to address a wide range of
such as paralysis. These sensors are integrated into wearable healthcare challenges. By enabling real-time monitoring of
devices, fitness trackers, and rehabilitation systems to vital signs such as blood oxygen levels, body temperature,
monitor a patient’s movements and support recovery efforts. and heart rate, the system ensures timely and accurate
Together, these sensors—ecg, dht11, and accelerometers— diagnosis, even in remote settings. The integration of
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prompt intervention and improving patient safety, especially ieee conference templates contain guidance text for
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