ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Molecule :
SYNOPSIS
The smallest particle of an element which has
MATTER: independent existence and chemically inert is called
Any thing that has mass and occupies molecule.
some space is called matter eg : H 2 , Cl2 , HCl , etc...
Matter Atom :
The word atom is derived from greek word
Pure substances Mixtures ATOMIO which means indivisible.
The term atom was proposed by John Dalton.
Matter is made up of molecules and molecules are
Elements Chemical made up of atoms.
compounds Atoms are fundamental building blocks of matter.
Dalton’s atomic theory-postulates
Homogeneous Heterogeneous
The matter is made of small indivisible particles
called atoms, which can take part in chemical re-
Elements: actions.
The substances which can give same atoms upon The atoms of the same element are identical in size,
fine division are called elements. mass and in other properties in all respects.
Elements may contains atoms or molecules Atoms of different elements differ from each other
eg : He, H 2 , Cl2 , O2 etc..... in their properties and masses.
Atoms of different elements can combine in simple
Compounds : ratios to form compounds.
These are formed when two or more different Atoms can be neither created nor destroyed.
elements combine.
The properties of compounds are different from
Merits of Dalton’s theory :
those of the elements. Dalton’s theory is able to explain law of conser-
vation of mass, law of constant composition and
eg : HCl , NaOH , H 2O . law of multiple proportions.
Mixture: Draw backs of Dalton’s theory :
A material containing two or more substances in It failed to explain the internal structure of atoms
any proportions is called mixture. It could not explain how atoms of different ele-
The components in the mixture are present with ments differ from one another and combine with
out losing their identity. one another.
Homogeneous Mixture : It failed to explain the experiments like when glass
or ebonite rubbed with silk or fur generate elec-
Mixtures having a constant composition through-
tricity.
out are said to be homogeneous mixture.
eg : air, sea water, alloys. Sub atomic particles:
Heterogeneous mixture: Atom consists of smaller particles like electron,
proton , neutron, neutrino, anti neutrino, positron
Mixtures having different compositions in differ-
antiproton, pions and measons etc...
ent regions are said to be heterogeneous mixture.
Electron, Proton and Neutron are considered as
eg : sand+water, dust+air.
fundamental particles of atom.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Electron-discovery: Greater the magnitude of the charge on the particle
Electron was discovered by J.J.Thomson. greater is the deflection when electric and mag-
The name eletctron was proposed by Stoney. netic field is applied.
The discharge tube is a sealed tube,made of glass Lighter the mass of the particle greater will be the
containing two thin metal plates called electrodes. deflection.
During the discharge tube experiment “Crookes” The deflection of electrons from its original path
observed that rays were found to pass from increases when voltage increases.
negatively charged plate (cathode) to positively From the above points J.J.Thomson was able to
charged plate (anode). determine the value of charge to mass ratio.
The electrical discharge through the gases could e
1.7588 1011 cKg 1 (or )1.7588 108 cg 1
be observed only at very low pressures(0.01mm m
of Hg) and at very high voltages(10000 V).
The rays emitted from cathode are called cathode
rays. Cathode Anode +
Cathode rays are stream of electrons. A
N
Air at very B
Discharge low pressure Green glow
tube S
C
+
Cathode rays
Cathode Anode
Fluorescent
To vaccum pump Magnet screen

+ High voltage generator

As the velocity of the electron increases, the
specific charge of the electron decreases due to
Properties of Cathode Rays : the increase of relative mass of the electron.
The cathode rays move from cathode to anode.
The mass of a moving electron may be calculated
These rays are invisible but their behaviour can be
by applying the formula
observed with the help of fluorescent or
phosphorescent materials, which glow when hit by m0
m=
them. v
2

These rays travel in straight lines in the absence of 1

C
electric and magnetic field.
In the presence of electric field they are deflected Where m0 = rest mass of electron
towards anode and in magnetic field towards south v = velocity of the electron
pole. C = velocity of light
Cathode rays contain negatively charged particles If v = C, mass of the moving electron becomes
called electrons. infinity.
The nature of cathode rays is found to be The value of e/m of cathode rays is independent of
independent of nature of the cathode material and the nature of the metal forming the cathode and the
nature of the gas in the tube. gas used in the discharge tube.
Hence electrons are considered as constituent par- This shows that electrons are universal
ticles of all atoms. constituents of all matter
Note : e/m value of ions w.r.t. H-atom
e
Charge to mass ratio of Electron ( ) : magnitude of ch arg e(relative ch arg e)
m
mass number (relative mass no)
The charge to mass ratio is known as specific
charge J.J.Thomson measured e/m ratio of the elec-
tron based on following points.
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I ATOMIC STRUCTURE
W.E.1: Find the e/m value of particle we know that q ne ,

2 q 8 10 19
He w.r.t. H-atom? n 5
e 1.6 10 19
2 2 W.E.3: In an oil drop experiment, the charges
Sol: e / m value of He 0.5
4 on oil drops were found as 1.5 10 – 15 ,
3 10–15, 4.5 10–15, 6.0 10–15.Calculate the
Charge of Electron : magnitude of the charge on the electron.
The charge of electron is the smallest known Sol: The magnitude of charge should be smallest &
electrical charge. It is taken as unit negative charge. other charges should be integral multiples of that
Millikan determined the charge of the electron by smallest charge( q ne ). So in the problem,the
an oil drop experiment. smallest charge 1.5 10 –15 and is also an
Charge on the oildrops was always an integral integral multiple of all other charges.
multiple of 1.60 10 19 C . case 1 : 1.5 10 15 1 e
e 1.60 10 19 31 case 2 : 3 10 15 2 e
me 9.1094 10 kg
e / me 1.758820 1011 ckg 1
case 3 : 4.5 10 15 3 e
Millikan’s Oil Drop experiment : case 4 : 6 10 15 4 e
In this , oil droplets which are in the mist form were
so charge on the electrons is same in all cases and
allowed to enter through a tiny hole in the upper
plate of electrical condenser. it will be 1.5 10 15
The downward motion of these droplets was Discovery of Protons :
viewed through the telescope, equipped with a Protons are discovered by Gold Stein.
micrometer eye piece. He used perforated cathode in the discharge tube
In chamber, the forces acting on oil drop are and repeated J.J.Thomson experiment and ob-
gravitational, electrostatic due to electrical field and served the formation of anode rays.
a viscous drag force when the oil drop is moving. These rays also termed as positive or Canal rays.
By measuring the rate of fall of these droplets, These are simply the positively charged gaseous
Millikan was able to measure the mass of oil ions.
droplets. The name proton is suggested by Rutherford
The air inside the chamber was ionized by passing
a beam of X-rays through it. Properties of anode rays :
The electrical charge on these oil droplets was Anode rays travel in straight line, and these are
acquired by collisions with gaseous ions. material particles.
The fall of these charged oil droplets can be Anode rays are positively charged, and get deflected
retarded, accelerated or made stationary depending by external magnetic field and effect the photo-
upon the charge on the droplets and the polarity graphic plate.
and strength of the voltage applied to the plate. e e
By carefully measuring the effects of electrical field value of these rays is smaller than that of
strength on the motion of oil droplets. m m
Millikan concluded that the magnitude of electrical value of electrons.
charge ‘q’ on the droplets is always an integral e
multiple of the electrical charge ‘e’ that is q ne , value of anode rays depends upon nature of the gas.
m
where n = 1,2,3......
e
W.E.2: An oil drop has 8.0 10–19C charge. How value of anode rays is maximum when the gas
m
many electrons does this oil drop has?
present in the tube is hydrogen.
Sol: Charge on the oil drop= 8.0 10 19 C
( 9.58 107 C.kg 1
or 9.58 104 Cg 1
)
Charge on the electron=1.6 10 19 C
 The protons carry unit positive charge with unit Spherical cloud
mass. of positive charge
Rutherford obtained protons by bombarding nitro- + +
gen atomic nucleus with particle . + + +
+
14 4 1 17 +
7 N 2 He 1H 8 O + +
proton
+ +
Neutron: Electron
Thomson's Plum pudding model
Neutrons are discovered by James Chadwick.
When Berilium or Boron nuclides bombarded by Rutherfords Model of Atom :
-particles, neutrons are formed. Rutherford proposed atomic model based on
They have no charge but posses mass almost equal - ray scattering experiment.
to proton. A beam of - particles are passed through a thin
9 4 12 1 gold foil which is enclosed with flouroscent ZnS
4 Be 2 He 6 C 0 n screen capable of producing scintillations.
Beryllium -particle Carbon Neutron

Subatomic Relative
particle Discoveres Mass Mass Charge e/m
-19 11
Electron Thomson 0.000546 amu 1 -1.602×10 C -1 1.76 × 10 C/Kg
-31 -10
9.18 × 10 Kg 1837 -4.8 × 10 esu
-19 7
Proton Gold Stein 1.00728 amu 1 1.602×10 C 1 9.58 × 10 C/Kg
-27 -10
1.673×10 Kg 4.8×10 esu
Neutron Chadwick 1.008665 amu 1 0 0 0
-27
1.675×10 Kg

Atomic Models : Observations - conclussions :

J.J.Thomson atomic model: Most of the - particles passes through the foil
J.J.Thomson proposed that an atom is in spherical without any deflection which indicates that most of
10 the atom is empty.
shape with radius approximately10 m in which
A small fraction of - particles were deflected
the positive charge is uniformly distributed . from its original path which indicates that the posi-
The electrons are embeded into it in such a manner tive charge is at the centre of the atom and due to
as to give more stable electrostatic arrangment
repulsive forces deflections takes places.
According to J.J.Thomson atom is like water Observation Interpretation
melon. } The atom is mostly
empty space
The positive charge is distributed like fibrous Gold

material and electrons are embeded like seeds . Detector foil

}
An important feature of this model is that the mass
of the atom is assumed to be uniformly distributed Radoactive }
source
over the atom.
It can not explain electrical neutrality of the atom. Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
This model also called plum pudding, raisin
pudding model of atom.
A very few - particles bounced back which Atomic mass number :
indicates that the whole mass is concentrated at the The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom of an
centre of atom. This heaviest part is named as element is called its mass number(A).
“nucleus” A = no.of neutrons + no.of protons
A=n+z
Number of neutrons = A Z .
Mass number is always a whole number.
+ Atomic weight :
One-twelfth the mass of an atom of C612 is called
as atomic mass unit(a.m.u). It is also known as
Dalton(Da)
Rutherford's Alpha-ray Experiment
The radius of the atom is very small and in the or- W.E.4: What will be the difference in mass number if
the number of neutrons halved and the number of
der of 10 10 m , where as for nucleus is 10 15 m .
The electrons revolve around the nucleus like plan- electrons doubled in 12
6 C

ets revolve around the sun hence this model is called Ans: Mass no is the sum of protons and neutrons
planetary model or nuclear model. If 12
6 C Initial final
Defects of Rutherford’s Model : protons : 6 - 6
It is against to law of electrodynamics. Neutrons: 6 - 3
It was failed to explain stability of atom. mass no : 12 - 9
According to classical electromagnetic theory, the Hence the decrease in mass no is 25.0%
revolving electron should loss energy continuosly W.E.5: Calculate the no.of protons,neutron and
and travel in a spiral path. Finally it must fall into the 37
electrons in 17 Cl
nucleus. But it does not happen.
Ans: No.of protons = Atomic number(z)=17
The atomic spectrum should be continuous band
spectrum due to continuous loss of energy but it is mass number(A)=37
a line spectrum. No.of neutrons=A-Z=37-17=20
It can’t explain the electronic structure of atom and No.of electrons=17
energies of electrons. W.E.6: Calculate the no.of protons, neutron and
Atomic Number : electron in 14 3
7 N ion

The number of electrons or protons present in an Sol: No.of protons=atomic number(z)=7

atom of an element is called its atomic number(Z). No.of neutrons =(A-z)=14-7=7
Moseley gives the relation between atomic number No.of electrons in an ion
(Z) and frequency( v ) of the characteristic X-rays = z magnitude of ch arg e =7+3=10
of the element by the equation W.E.7: The no.of electrons ,protons and neutron
v a Z b in a species are equal to 10,11,12 respectively.
Where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are constants and depends on Assign proper symbol to the species.
nature of the elements. Sol. No.of protons=11, hence atomic no. = 11
A neutral atom contains equal number of electrons so the element is Na.
and protons. It has one eletron less than the no.of electrons, hence
For Cation : it has a unit +ve charge.
Number of protons = z No.of neutrons =12
Number of electrons z no.of electrons lost Mass number = no.o f proto ns + no.of
For Anion : neutrons = 11 + 12 = 13
Number of protons = z therefore the symbol of that species= 11 23
Na
Number of electrons = z + no.of electrons gained
 Isotopes : The percentage of iso tope wit h A.wt
The nuclides of same element having same atomic 10.01=20%
number but different mass numbers are called The percentage of isotope with A.wt 11.01=80.0%
isotopes. Isobars :
Isotopes show similar chemical properties but
The nuclides of different elements having same
different physical and radioactive properties.
mass number but different atomic numbers are
Fractional atomic masses of elements is due to the
called
presence of Isotopes.
isobars.
Avg.atomic mass
Isobars show similar physical properties but
% abundance of isotope atomic weight different chemical properties.
total ratio eg. 1) : 6 C 14 , 7 N 14
eg. 1) Isotopes of hydrogen : 48 20
2) : 18 Ar ,19 K ,40
20 Ca
1 2
Protium H , Deuterium H or 1 D 2 130
1 1
3) : 54 Xe, 130
56 Ba

Tritium H 3 or 1T 3 . Protium (99.985%),

1
Isotones :
Deuterium (0.015%) The nuclides of the different elements with different
2) Isotopes of chlorine : 17 Cl 35 and 17 Cl 37 atomic number and mass number but having same
235 238
number of neutrons(A-Z) are called isotones.
3) isotopes of uranium : 92 U and 92U Isotones show different physical and chemical
W.E.8 The mass number of three isotopes of an properties.
element are 10,12,14 units. Their percentage eg. 1) 30 31 32
14 Si , 15 P , 16 S
abundance is 80,15 and 5units respectively.
14 16
What is the atomic weight of the element? 2) 6 C,8 O
Sol: Percentage abundances of Isotopes=80,15,5 3) 23 24
11 Na , 12 Mg
ratio of percentage abundances of Isotopes=16:3:1
The total ratio = 16+3+1=20 Isodiaphers :
ratio of % abundance Atomic weight The nuclides having same isotopic number(A-2Z)
Avg. Awt
Total ratio are called isodiaphers. They posses same differ-
ence of neutrons and protons (n-p).
10 16 12 3 14 1
10.5 eg. F919 , Na1123
20
The Avg.Awt=10.5. Isosters :
W.E.9: Naturally occuring boron consists of two The molecules with same atomicity and same
isotopes whose atomic weights are 10.01 and number of electrons are called isosters.
11.01 the atomic weight of natural boron is eg. CO2, N2O
10.81. Calculate the percentage of each C6H6 & B3N3H6
Isotope in natural boron? (Atomicity = total no.of atoms in molecule)
Ans: Let the percentage of isotope with atomic weight
10.01 = x Iso-electronic species :
Let the percentage of isotope with atomic weight The molecules or ions with same number of
11.01=(100-x) electrons are called iso electronic species
m1 x1 m2 x2 eg 1: N 3 , O 2 , F , Ne, Na , Mg 2 , Al 3

Avg. Awt
x1 x2 eg2 : P 3 , S 2 , Cl , Ar , K , Ca 2 , Sc 3

x 10.01 (100 x)11 Nature of light :

10.81
100 It can be explained by two theories
x=20% a) wave theory of light b) corpuscular theory of
light
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Wave theory : Frequency :
It was proposed by Huygens
The number of waves that pass through a given
According to Huygens Light and other forms of
point in one second is called frequency.
radiant energy propagate through space in the form
of waves. Units : The SI units are sec 1 , cycles per second
Maxwell proposed when electrically charged (cps) or Hertz (Hz). 1cps = 1 Hz= sec 1
particle moves under acceleration,alternating Frequency( v ) and wavelength ( ) are related as
electrical and magnetic fields are produced and
transmitted. C
v
These are transmitted in the form of wave and are
associated with electric and magnetic fields are Where C = Velocity of light
called electromagnetic radiation(EMR) or = 3 x 108 m/sec or 3 x 1010 cm/sec
electromagnetic waves.
Both electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to Wave Number :
each other and to the direction of the propagation. The number of wave lengths per unit length
These electromagnetic waves do not require any (or )
medium and can travel in vaccum. The reciprocal wave length is called wave number.
Electromagnetic wave Units: cm 1 or m 1
Magnetic Field(B)
1
Electric Wave number v
Field(E)
Propagation The relation between v and v is v Cv
Direction Amplitude (a):
The height of the crest or depth of the trough of a
wave is called amplitude.
Characteristic properties of wave : Units: m, cm, pm
Wave Length ( ): Amplitude is a measure of the intensity or bright-
The distance between two similar points in a wave ness of a beam of light.
is known as wave length. Velocity (C):
The units of wave length are m, cm, A0, nm, The distance travelled by a wave in one second is
, m or pm. called its velocity.
Units: m/sec or cm/sec.
1A 0 10 8 cm 10 10
m
All types of electromagnetic radiations have the same
1nm 10 7 cm 10 9 m 1m 10 A0 velocity which is equal to the velocity of light
10 12
1 pm 10 cm 10 m (3 108 ms 1 )
Property Formula Units
-8 -10
c 1Å = 10 cm = 10 m
l =
u
-10 -12
1pm = 10 cm = 10 m
c
u = or u = cu Hertz
l
-1
1 u m
u = or u =
l c
-1
ms
W.E.10: The vividh bharati station of All india = 4.00 1014 Hz
Radio, delhi,broadcasts on a frequency of The range of visible spectrum is from
1,368 kHz (kilo hertz). Calculate the
4.0 1014 to 7.5 1014 Hz in terms of frequency
wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation
emitted by transmitter. Which part of the W.E.12: Ca l c u l a t e ( a ) Wa ven u m b er a n d
electromagnetic spectrum does it belong to? (b) frequency of yellow radiation having
wavelength 5800A0.
c
Sol: where c = velocity of E.M.R in Sol: a) Calculation of wavenumber ( )
vaccum 5800 A0 5800 10 8 cm
= 3 108 m sec 1 = 5800 10 10
m
frequency 1368kHz
1 1
= 1368 103 sec 1
5800 10 10
m
3.00 108 ms 1 1.724 106 m 1
=
1368 103 s 1 1.724 104 cm 1

= 219.3m
b) Calculation of the frequency ( )
This is a characteristic radiowave wavelength.
W.E11: The wavelength range of the visible c 3 108 ms 1
spectrum extends from violet(400 nm) to 5.172 1014 s 1

5800 10 10 m
red (750 nm). Express these wavelengths
in frequencies (Hz).(1nm=10 –9 m) Electromagnetic spectrum :
Sol: Frequency of violet light The arrangement of different radiations in the increasing
order ofwavelengths or decreasing order of frequencies
c 3.00 108 ms 1
with equalvelocities.
400 10 9 m The visible region is a small part of the entire
7.50 1014 Hz spectrum. It ranges from 400 nm to 750 nm
frequncy of red light
c 3.00 108 ms 1
750 10 9 m
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
micrometers
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
UV blue green red near-IR

Visible light
Wavelength
(micromet) -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 10 10 10 10 10 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Cosmic Gamma X UV near & micro radio

rays rays rays middle wave and
IR T.V
visible thermal
IR
Corpuscular theory : Where E = Energy of radiation
According to Newton, light and other form of h = Planck’s constant
radiant energies are propagated in the form of = 6.625 10 27
erg sec
corpuscules(simple invisible particle) .
After the wave theory of light, the corpuscular = 6.625 10 34
Joule sec (SI unit)
theory lost significance = 3.99 10 13 KJ sec/ mole
Black body radiation : Energy is emitted or absorbed in simple integral
The ideal body which emits and absorbs radiations multiples of quantum, but not fractional values
of all frequencies, is called a black body. E nhv Where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ........
The radiation of black body is called black body
Einstein’s approach :
radiation.
According to Einstein the radiant energy is absorbed
A hollow sphere coated inside with platinum black,
or emitted in the form of small particle is called
which has a small hole in its wall can act as a near
photon.The radiation is propagated in the form of
black body.
photons.
eg :1. The reddish glow from the heating element
The energy of a photon is directly proportional to
in an electric stove
frequency of the radiation.
eg :2 white light emitted by the hot filament in light
The energy of a photon is
bulb
A graph is obtained by plotting the intensity of hc
E = hv (or) E
radiation against wave length as shown in fig.
T2 > 1.3 * T1 12375
E
T1 Where E = energy in eV
Wavelngth wavelength in A 0
A Study of the curve reveals that : The energy of 1mole of photons is
At a given temperature the intensity of radiation E = Nhv
emitted increases, reaches a maximum value and Where N = Avogadro’s number
then decreases. = 6.023 x 1023
As the temperature increases the maximum inten- Plank’s quantum theory was extended by Einstein
sity shifts towards the shortest wave lengths. for all types of electromagnetic radiations.
Planck’s Quantum Theory : Compton Effect:
The phenomenon of the black body radiation is The increase in wave length or decrease in energy
given by Max planck. of the X - rays after scattering from an object is
The absorption or emission of radiation is mainly called the compton effect.
due to the vibrations of charged particles. W.E.13: calcutate energy of one mole of photons
The radiation is associated with definite amount of of radiation whose f requency is 5 1014 Hz
energy. Ans: Energy (E) of one photons
The radiant energy is always in discontinuous wave E = hv
form. It is absorbed or emitted discontinuosly in h = 6.626 10–34 Js
the form small packets of energy called quantum. v = 5 1014s–1 (given)
The energy of a quantum of radiation is directly E = ( 6.626 10–34 Js ) (5 1014s–1)
proportional to the frequency of the radiation. = 3.313 10–19 J
E E = hv Energy of one mole of photons
= (3.313 10–19 J) (6.022 1023mol–1)
hc = 199.51kJmol–1
E hc
W.E.14 : A 100watt bulb emits monochromatic light
hc
of wavelength 400nm. Calculate the no.of
photons emitted per second by the bulb? E
Sol: Power of the bulb =100watt 6.626 10 34 Js 3.0 108 ms 1
=100 Js 1 3.84 10 19 J
Energy of one photon =517nm this wavelength corresponds to green
colour in visible spectrum.
hc
E h W.E.16 : Calculate the energy of photons of
r adi at i on wh ose wavel en gth i s 5000A 0 ?
6.626 10 34 Js 3 108 ms 1
Ans: 5000 A0 5000 10 10 m 5 10 7 m
400 10 9 m
c 3 108 m / sec; h 6.62 10 34
Js
19
4.969 10 J hc 6.62 10 34 3 108
Number of photons emitted E
5 10 7
100 Js 1 3.97 10 19 J
2.012 1020 s 1

4.969 10 19 J W.E.17: What is the number of photons of light

W.E.15: When electromagnetic radiation of wave- with a wave length 4000pm that provide 1J
length 300nm falls on the surface of energy?
sodium,electrons are emitted with a kinetic
energy of 1.68 10 5 Jmol –1 . What is the wavelength 4000 pm 4 10 9 m
Sol: 34
minimum energy needed to remove an h 6.625 10 Js, c 3.0 108 ms 1

electron from sodium? What is the maximum

wavelength that will cause a photoelectron hc
Energy of one photon, E
to be emitted?
Sol: The energy(E) of a 300nm photon is given by 6.625 10 34 Js 3 108 ms 1
= 4.969 10 17
J
hc 4 10 9 J
h Number of photons providing 1 joule of energy
6.626 10 34 Js 3.0 108 ms 1 1
17
2.01 1016
300 10 9 m 4.969 10
The energy of one mole of photons W.E.18: Calculate the energy of one mole of
quanta of radiation whose frequency is
19
6.626 10 J 6.022 10 23 mol 1
5 10 10 sec–1
3.99 105 Jmol 1 Sol: Energy of 1 mol quantum Nh
The minimum energy needed to remove one mole
6.023 1023 6.626 10 34
5 1010
of electrons from sodium.
J
(3.99 1.68)105 Jmol 1 19.95
mol
2.31 105 Jmol 1
W.E.19 : Compare the energies of two radiations
The minimum energy for one electron one with = 600nm and other with 300nm.
2.31 105 Jmol 1 E1 2 300 1
6.022 10 23 electrons mol 1 Sol: E 600 2
2 1
19
3.84 10 J The relation between two energies is E2 2 E1
This corresponds to the wavelength
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Photo electric effect : If V0 is the stopping potential eV0 h( )
0
The phenomenon of ejection of electrons from the
surface of metal when light of suitable frequency If 0 no e is ejected
strikes is called as photo electric effect.
The electrons ejected are called photo electrons. = Threshold frequency
The minimum frequency required to eject the
electrons is called threshold frequency
K.E
The photo electric effect is readily exhibited by
alkali metals like K , Rb and Cs.
A part of the energy of photon is used to escape
the electron from the attractive forces and the
remaining energy is used in increasing the kinetic If 0 ; K .E 0
energy of electron.
E W KE
Where W = Work function or Threshold energy K.E
W = hv0
h hv 0 KE
Intensity
hc hc W.E-20 : The threshold frequency v0 for a metal is
K.E h h 0
0 7.0 1014s–1. Calculate the kinetic energy of
Where v0 = Threshold frequency an electron emitted when radiation of
In photo electric effect the number of photo elec- frequency v = 1.0 1015s–1 hits the metal.
trons emitted is proportional to intensity of inci- Sol: According to Einstein’s equation
dent light. 1
Kinetic energy me v 2 h (v v0 )
Intensity: 2
It is the power transfered per unit area. Its S.I. units (6.626 10 34
Js )(1.0 1015 s 1
7.0 1014 s 1 )
are (W / m2 ) . It is used mostly for waves. (6.626 10 34 Js )(10.0 1014 s 1 7.0 1014 s 1 )
The kinetic energy of photo electrons depends only
on the frequency of incident light and not on the (6.626 10 34 Js) (3.0 1014 s 1 )
intensity of light. 1.988 10 19 J
The minimum energy required for emission of W.E.21: The minimum energy required to overcome
photo electrons is called threshold energy or the attractive forces between an electron and
work function. the surface of Ag metal is 5.52 10–19J. What
For each metal, there is a characteristic minimum will be the maximum kinetic energy of
frequency v0 (also known as threshold frequency) electron ejected out from Ag which is being
below which photoelectric effect is not observed. exposed to UV-light of 360 A0 ?
At a frequency v > v0 then photoelectric effect is Sol : Energy of the photons absorbed
observed.
hc 6.626 10 27 3 1010
Values of work Function (W0) for Few 360 10 8
Metals:
5.52 10 11 erg
Metal Li Na K Mg Cu Ag 5.52 10 18 J
W0/eV 2.42 2.3 2.25 3.7 4.8 4.3 E(photon)= Work function+K.E
18 19
K .E 5.52 10 7.52 10
Note : Stoping potential : It is the minimum potential
19
at which the photo electric current becomes zero. 47.68 10 J
W.E.22 : When light of 470nm falls on the surface or 2 2
2 0 1 0
of potassium metal, electrons are emitted with
or 2
a velocity of 6.4 10 4ms –1 . What is the 0 1 2

minimum energy required to remove one mole 2(2.0 1016 ) (3.2 1016 ) 8.0 1015 Hz
electrons from potassium metal?
W.E-24: Threshold wavelength of a metal is
1 2 230nm. What will be the kinetic energy of
Sol: kinetic energy of photo electrons mv
2 photoelectrons ejected when the metal is
1 irradiated with wavelength 180nm?
9.1 10 31 (6.4 104 ) 2 34
2 (h 6.626 10 J sec)
1.864 10 21 J Ans: Absorbed energy from light = Threshold
we know that, energy+kinetic energy of photoelectrons
Absorbed energy from light = Threshold
hc hc 1 1
energy + kinetic energy of photoelectrons K .E K .E hc[ ]
0 0
hc 1 2
W0 mv
2 34 1 1
6.626 10 3 108 [ 9 9
]
34 8
180 10 230 10
6.626 10 3 10
9
470 10 34 1 1
6.626 10 3 108 109 [ ]
W0 1.864 10 21 J 180 230
W0 419.206 10 21
J 1.9878 10 16 [5.55 10 3
4.347 10 3 ]
19
2.4 10 J
Energy required to eject one mole electrons
419.21 10 21
6.023 1023 SPECTRA AND ATOMIC MODELS:
252.4 103 Jmol 1
252.4kJmol 1 The image recorded when radiant energy is passed
through a prism or grating is called a spectrum.
W.E.23: When a certain metal was irradiated with
light of frequency 3.2 10 16 Hz,the The splitting of white light into seven colours is
photoelectrons emitted had twice the kinetic known as dispersion.
energy as did photoelectrons emitted when the The device used to record spectrum is called spec-
same metal was irradiated with light of trograph or spectrometer.
frequency 2.0 1016Hz. Calculate v0 for the Continuous spectrum :
metal?
Ans : Applyilng photoelectric equation, The spectrum of sun light where one colour merges
into another without any gap is known as continu-
K .E ous spectrum.
K.E h h 0 or ( 0 )
h eg: light emitted from incadescent solid
Given K .E2 2 K .E1 Discontinuous spectrum :
K .E2 The spectrum having distinct and well defined
1
2 0
h lines wit h g ap ( d ark areas) is called
K .E1 discontinuous spectrum
And 1 0 2
h Spectra is broadly divided into two types
Dividing equation(1) with (2), a) Absorption spectrum b) Emission spectrum

2 0 K .E2 2 K .E1
2
1 0 K .E1 K .E1
 Absorption Emission This light when passed through prism ,an emerged
Spectrum Spectrum beam of light is collected over photo graphic film.
1. It is spectrum 1. It is spectrum This is called H-atomic spectrum.
produced by produced by It is a line spectrum and simplest of all atomic
transmitted lighter emission of spectrum
after absorption of radiation. (de It contains a series of group of lines.
r a d i a t i o n excitation of They can be classified into various series.
(excitation of electron in a a) Lyman series b) Balmer series
electrons in a substance c) Paschen series d) Bracket series
substance) e) Pfund series
2. It contains dark 2. It contains bright The only series visible to the naked eye is termed
lines on the bright lines on the dark as the visible region of hydrogen spectrum.
back ground. back ground It was discovered by Balmer, so it is called Balmer
3. Eg: sodium vapour 3. Eg: Sodium vapour series.
gives two dark gives two bright Different series of spectral lines in
lines at 5890Å and lines at 5890Å and
5896Å in yellow hydrogen emission spectrum.
5896Å in yellow
region. Name of the n1 n2 Spectral Equation for
region. Series region wave number
4. The spectrum is 4. The spectrummay
discontinuous 1 1
be discontinuous. Lyman series 1 2,3,4,5,6,7.... Ultraviolet v R
12 n22

Emission Spectrum can be further classified into line 1 1

Balmer series 2 3,4,5,6,7.... Visible v R
and band spectrum (atomic and molecular 22 n22
spectrum). Near 1 1
Paschen series 3 4,5,6,7.... v R
infrared 32 n22

1 1
Brackett series 4 5,6,7.... Infrared v R
42 n22
1. The line spectrum 1. T h e b a n d Far 1 1
Pfund series 5 6,7.... v R
has sharp, distinct s p e c t r u m h a s Infrared 52 n22
well defined lines. many closed lines
2. I t i s t h e 2. It is characteristic 0 kJ
characteristic of o f g a s e o u s n=7
n=6
gaseous atom and molecules and is
n=5
is also called a l s o c a l l e d Pfund
atomic spectrum. m o l e c u l a r n=4 -82 kJ
Brackett
spectrum.
n=3 -146 kJ
3. I t i s d u e t o 3. I t i s d u e t o Paschen
t r a n s i t i o n o f vibration and n=2 -328 kJ
electrons between rotational changes Balmer
energy level in an of atoms in a
atom. molecule.
n=1 -1312 kJ
4. It is given by inert 4. It is given by hot
Lyman

gases, metal m e t a l s a n d
vapours and atoms. molecules Explanation of line spectrum of Hydrogen:
The energy gap between the two orbits is g iven
Hydrogen emission spectrum :
by equation E E2 E1 -----------(1)
By applying high potential difference in a discharge
tube containing hydrogen gas a bright light is The energy of its stationary state is given by the
obtained.
 1 If n2 is taken as infinity the wavelength of the
expression En RH
----------(2) limiting line(last line) in the series is obtained.
n2
Introducing the eq (2) in equation (1)
1 1 1 RH
RH RH RH
E n12 2
n12
n22 n12
The wavelength or wave numbers of all the
(where n1 and n2 stand for initial orbit and final
lines in all the series can be calculated by using
orbits. n1 and n2 may be refered as ni and n f ) Rydberg’s equation.
1 1 1
E RH
1 1
2.18 10 18
J
1 1 RH Z 2[
n12 n22
]
n12 n22 n12 n22
The frequency (v) associated with the where RH = Rydberg’s constant for H-atom
absorption and emission of the photon can = 1,09,677 cm 1
be evaluated by using equation
n1 = Lower energy level ( ni )
E RH 1 1
v
h h n12 n22 n2 = Higher energy level ( nf )
Maximum number of spectral lines produced
On substituting RH and h values
when an electron jumps from n2 to n1 state
1 1 for a simple atom
3.29 1015 Hz
n12 n22 n n 1
or n 2 n1
In terms of wavenumbers v 2
n2 n1
Number of spectral line in a series
v RH 1 1 W.E.25: What are the frequency and wavelength
v
C hC n12 n22 of a photon emitted during a transition from
n=5 state to the n=2state in the hydrogen
On substituting RH , h and C values atom?
1 1 Ans: Since ni 5 and n f 2 , this transition gives rise
1.09677 10 7 m 1

n12 n22 to a special line in the visible region of the Balmer

Rydberg constant value is not same for all the series.
elements.
1 1
For hydrogen like species He+, Li2+, Be3+, E 2.18 10 18
J[ ]
R = 1,09,677 x Z2 cm-1 52 22
= RH x Z2 4.58 10 19 J
1 The frequency of the photon (taking energy in terms
Note: R =912 A0 of magnitude) is given by
H

The first line in Balmer series is called H line and E 4.58 10 19 J

its wavelength is 6563 A0. h 6.626 10 34 Js
The second line is called H line and its wavelength 6.91 1014 Hz
is 4861 A0. c 3.0 108 ms 1
The spectral lines get closer when the n2 value is 434nm
6.91 1014 Hz
increased.
W.E.26: Calculate the shortest and longest 3 6 will have same wavelength as that of
wavelength in hydrogen spectrum of Lyman
series. second line of Balmer series in He spectrum.
Ans: For Lyman series n1 1 W.E.28: Calculate the possible number of lines in
the spectrum of hydrogen,when electrons
For shortest wavelength in lyman series(i.e,series
return from 7th shell to 2nd shell.
limit), the energy difference in two states showing
transition should be maximum,i.e, ( n2 n1 ) 7 2 5
Ans:
n2 5 4 3 2 1 15
W.E.29 : Calculate the wave number and wave
1 1 1
RH [ 2 ] RH length of H line in Bracket series of H-
1 ( )2
emission spectrum
1 6
9.117 10 cm Ans : For H line in Bracket series
3 109678
911.7 A0 n1 = 4 , n 2 = 5
1 1
For longest wavelength in lyman series(i,e. first line)
the energy difference in two states showing transition n1 n 2
should be minimum,i.e., n2 2 1 1
= 109677[ - ]
42 52
1 1 1 3
RH [ 2 ] RH = 2467.7325cm -1
1 (2) 2 4
1
4.0 10 4 cm
4 1 4
3 RH 3 109678 Bohr’s atomic model :
To explain the origin of lines in hydrogen spectrum
1215.7 10 8 cm 1215.7 A0 and to overcome the defects in Rutherfords model,
W.E.27 : What transition of Li 2 spectrum will have Neils Bohr proposed his model of atom.
same wavelength as that of second line of Postulates :
Balmer series in He spectrum? The electron in the hydrogen atom revolves around
the nucleus with definite velocity in fixed,closed,
Ans : circular paths, called‘orbits’ or ’shells’.
1 1 These are designed as 1,2,3,4... or K, L, M, N
He Li
..... from the side of the nucleus. [derived from
1 1 1 1 Kepler’s law]
RZ 2 [ 2 ] RZ 2 [ ] The electron revolves in the orbit whose angular
n1 n22 n12 n 22
nh
momentum ( I ) is equal to .
1 1 1 1 2
22 [ ] 32 [ 2 ] It is given by the expression
22 4 2
n1 n22
1 1 1 1 nh
4[ ] 9[ 2 ] mvr
4 16 n1 n22 2
where m = mass of electron
4 3 1 1 v = velocity of electron
[ 2 ]
9 16 n1 n22 r = radius of orbit
h = plank’s constant
1 1 1 n =1,2,3...
Each orbit is associated with definite amount of
n12 n22 12 energy.So these are also called energy levels or
n1 3, n2 6 energy states.
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
The energy of electron does not change as long Expression for energy :
as the electron revolves in the orbit. Hence,
these orbits are called ‘stationary orbits’ or 1 Ze 2
Kinetic energy of electron m V2
‘stationary states’. 2 2r
The energy of electron changes only when the
Ze2
electron moves from one orbit to another. Potential energy of electron
If energy is absorbed the electron jumps from lower r
energy state to higher energy state, and if it lose the Total energy of electron
energy the electron jumps from higher energy state Ze 2 Ze 2 Ze 2
to lower energy state. E KE PE
2r r 2r
The change in energy is given by the formula
Expression for the energy of Bohr’s orbit m
E E2 E1 h (By substituting radius of orbit in the above
The centripetal force on the electron is balanced expression)
by centrifugal force. 2
2 m Z2 e4
Expression for radius: E
n 2 h2
Centrifugal force As we go to higher orbits, kinetic energy decreases,
potential energy increases and the total energy
increases.
Energy of orbits in hydrogen atom ( Z = 1 )
11
2.179 10
E ergs /atom
n2
Centripetal force
18
2.179 10
The centripetal force of attraction between the Joules /atom
nucleus n2

Ze2 1312
and the electron KJ / mole
r2 n2
The centrifugal force of the electron due to revolv- 13.6
eV / atom
mV 2 n2
ing around the nucleus
r 313.6
K.cal / mole
Expression for the radius of Bohr’s orbit n2
n 2h 2 1eV 1.602 10 19
J
r
4 2 m Ze2
By substituting all constants, radius of orbit is The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom has
a negative sign for all possible orbits, because the
0.529 n 2 0
r A energy of the electron in the atom is lower than the
Z energy of a free electron at rest.
For H-atom, Z = 1, hence Energy of orbits for H - like species
r 0.529 n 2 A 0 2.179 10 11

2 8 E Z 2 ergs
r 0.529 n 10 cm n2
r 52.9 n 2 pm E1
En
n2
where En = Energy of nth orbit in hydrogen atom.
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
E1 = Energy of first orbit in hydrogen atom V1 = Velocity of electron in first orbit
n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ......... n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ........
Similarly For Hydrogen like species V1
For H atom like species Vn Z
E1 n
En Z2
n2 Magnitude of velocity of electron increasesw i t h
increase of positive charge on the
where En = Energy of nth orbit in other H - like
nucleus and decreases with increases of
species. principle Quantum Number.
Z = Atomic number
Number of revolutions :
E1 = Energy of first orbit in hydrogen atom
Number of revolutions per second (or)
The ratio of PE, KE and T.E = -2 : 1 : -1 orbital frequency by an electron in a shell
Rydberg’s constant :
Velocity v z2
2 6.66 1015
2 m Z2 e4 Circumference 2 r n3
R = 1, 09, 677 x Z2 cm-1
h3 C
Time period of revolution :
Difference of energy between two Bohr orbits of Time period of revolution of electron in nth orbirt
hydrogen atom
2 r 16 n3
1 1 Tn 1.5 10 sec
E Rhc 2 2
vn z2
n1 n2
Ionisation potential:
Where n1 = lower orbit, n 2 = higher orbit
E1
As the value of n 2 increases, the difference For hydrogen atom, ionization potential .
n2
of energy becomes smaller. For H - like species,
The frequency of radiation absorbed (or) emitted
when transitions occurs between two stationary E1 Z2
Ionisation potential .
states that differ in energy by E , is given by n2
E E1 Ionisation potential of an atom or
v 2

h h Z2
ion 13.6 eV
This expression is commonly known as n2
Bohr’s frequency rule.
W.E.30 : Calculate the radius of Bohr’s 3rd orbit
12 1 in Li+2 ion.
E Z RhC 2
n1 n 22 Ans : we know that,
where Z = atomic number. n2
Velocity of the electron : rn 0.529 A0
Z
Velocity of electron in hydrogen atom when n=3 and Z = 3,
2 Ze2 2.188 108 32
V cm / sec r3 0.529 A0
nh n 3
V1 3 0.529A0
For hydrogen atom, Vn
n
1.587 A0
where Vn = Velocity of electron in n orbit th
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
W.E.31: Calculate the velocity (in cm/sec) of Sol: Ionisation energy = -(energy of the 1st orbit)
an electron placed in the third orbit of Energy of the 1st orbit of hydrogen = -13.6eV
the hydrogen atom. Also calculate the Energy of the 1st orbit of He 13.6 Z 2
number of revolutions per second that
this electron makes around the nucleus. (Z for He 2)
Sol: Radius of 3rd orbit = 32 0.529 10 8 13.6 eV
4.761 10 8 cm 54.4eV
so, Ionisation energy of
h nh
mvr n or He ( 54.4) 54.4eV
2 2 mr
Energy of 1st orbit of Li 2 13.6 9
27
3 6.624 10
122.4eV
2 3.14 (9.108 10 28 )(4.761 10 8 )
8
Ionisation energy of Li 2 ( 122.4)
0.729 10 cm / sec
122.4eV
2 r Limitations of Bohr’s Model :
Time taken for one revolution
It failed to explain the line spectra of atoms or ions
Number of revolutions per second having more than one electron.
It fails to account the fine spectra details (doublet,
1 that is two closely spaced lines) of the hydrogen
2 r 2 r atom.
It failed to explain Zeeman effect and Stark effect.
0.729 108 The splitting of spectral lines of an atom into a group
of fine lines under the influence of magnetic field is
2 3.14 4.761 10 8
called Zeeman effect.
2.4 1014 revolution / sec The splitting of spectral lines of an atom into group
W.E.32: Calculate the energy associated with the of fine lines under the influence of an electric field is
called Stark effect.
first orbit of H e . What is the radius of this
Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, not only ignores
orbit? dual behaviour of matter but also contradicts
Sol: Heisenberg uncertainity principle.
(2.18 10 18 J ) Z 2 de-Broglie’s wave theory :
En atom 1
n2 The wave nature of electron was first proposed by
for He , n 1, Z 2 de-Broglie.
According to de-Broglie theory all moving particles
(2.18 10 18 J )22
E1 have wave properties.
12 Wave properties are important only for particles
8.72 10 18 J of small mass and high velocity.
The radius of the orbit is given by equation From Planck’s quantum theory
(0.0529nm) n2 hc
rn E=h = ........(1)
Z
since n=1,Z=2 Einstein’s mass energy relationship is
(0.0529nm)1 2
E mC 2 ...(2)
rn 0.02645nm from equation (1) & (2),
2
W.E.33: The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom hc h h
mc 2 or mc or
is 13.6eV. What will be the ionisation energy mc
of He+ and Li+2 ions? where ‘c’ is the velocity of light.
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
If the velocity of micro particle is ‘v’ then. Velocity of electron
an orbit
h h circumference
de-Broglie’s equation is Relation between kinetic energy and wave length
m
of a moving particle
where = wave length
h
h = Planck’s constant
2 KE m
6.625 10 34 J .sec Let a charged particle like electron be accelerated
= Velocity of the particle with a potential of V, then
m = p = Momentum of the particle
KE eV
de-Broglie’s concept and Bohr’s
h
theory :
Two types of waves are possible for an electron 2eVm
moving around the nucleus in the circular path 12.27
a)A standing or stationary or non-energy For an electron A0
V
radiating wave:
The de Broglie wavelength for an electron in a given
orbit = 3.33 n A0
W.E.34: What will be the wavelength of a ball of
mass 0.1 kg moving with a velocity of 10ms–1
Sol: According to de-Broglie equation
h 6.626 10 34 Js
i.e., 2 r n mv (0.1kg )(10ms 1 )
2 r 6.626 10 34
m( J kgm 2 s 2 )
( n= integer or whole number)
n W.E.35: The mass of an electron is 9.1 10–25J, If
h its K.E. is 3.0 10 –25 J, calculate its
we know that, wavelength.
mv
2 r h 1 2
Sol : since K.E mv
n mv 2
2 K .E
nh v ( )
mvr m
2
Hence de-Broglie’s theory and Bohr’s theory are 2 3.0 10 25 kgm2 s 2 12
( )
in agreement with each other. 9.1 10 31
b) Non stationary or energy radiating wave. 812ms 1
h 6.626 10 34 Js
mv (9.1 10 31 kg )(812ms 1 )
10
8967 10 m 896.7 nm
W.E.36: Calculate the mass of a photon with
wavelength 3.6 A0
Ans: 3.6 A0 3.6 10 10 m
In this 2 r n hence, such an orbit cannot exist. Velocity of photon= velocity of light
de-Broglie’s applications : h 6.626 10 34 Js
Number of waves in an orbit = n m
(3.6 10 10 m)(3 108 ms 1 )
Number of revolutions of an electron per second in
6.135 10 33 kg
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
W.E.37: Calculate the de- Broglie wavelength of we know,
an electron travelling at 1% of the speed of
light. h
Sol : de-Broglie wavelength can be calculated as, 2KE.m
34
h 6.626 10
.......(1)
m 2 1.6 10 17 9.1 10 31

where, h 6.626 10 34
Js 1.228 10 10 m
31
m 9.1 10 kg W.E.40: The kinetic energy of an electron is
1 4.55 10–25J. Calculate the wavelength.
3 108 3 106 m / sec
100 [h 6.6 10 34
Js;
substituting these values in eq(1), we get 31
mass of electron 9.1 10 kg ]
6.626 10 34
1 2 25
9.1 10 31 3 106 Sol: K .E mv 4.55 10
2
12
242.7 10 m
1
242.7 pm or 9.1 10 31
v2
2
W.E.38 :Two particles A and B are in motion. If
the wavelength associated with particle A is 4.55 10 25
25
5 10–8m, calculate the wavelength associated 2 4.55 10
or v 2
with particle B if its momentum is half of A. 9.1 10 31
Sol: we know ,
v 103 ms 1
h Applying de Broglie equation
p
h 6.6 10 34
A pB
1 mv 9.1 10 31 103
B pA
5 10 8 m , 0.72 10 6 m
A

1 Heisenberg’s Uncertainity Principle:

pB p A , i.e , p A 2 pB
2 It is impossible to determine simultaneously, the
exact position and exact momentum (or velocity)
from eqn(i ) of an electron” It is called Heisenberg’s uncertainity
8
principle.
5 10 pB (or)
B 2 pB It is impossible to determine both the position and
10 7 m momentum of the electron simultaneously and
B
accurately.
W.E.39: An electron beam emerges from an It is given by the expression
accelerator with kinetic energy 100eV. what
h
is its de- Broglie wavelength? x. p
4
[m 9.1 10 31 kg , h 6.6 10 34
Js,
h
1eV 1.6 10 19
J] x .m v
4
Sol : Kinetic energy of electron =100eV
h
100 1.6 10 19
J x. v
4 m
17
1.6 10 J where x =uncertainity in position
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
p = uncertainity in momentum W.E.42: A golf ball has a mass of 40g, and a speed
v = uncertainity in velocity of 45 m/s. If the speed can be measured within
m = mass of the particle accuracy of 2%, calculate the uncertainty in
h = Planck’s constant the position.
Sol :The uncertainty in the speed is 2%, i,e
It states that if one is determined with high accuracy
,then the other becomes uncertain. 2 1
45 0.9ms
i.e. If position of the electron is determined 100
( x 0 ), then v using the equation
similarly If velocity of the electron is determined h
x
( v 0 ) , then x 4 m v
The product of the uncertainities is inversely
proportional to mass of the particle. 6.626 10 34 Js
4 3.14 40 10 3 g 0.9 ms 1
1
x. v 1.46 10 33
m
m
The uncertainty principle is mainly applicable for This is nearly 1018 times smaller than the diameter
microscopic particles. of a typical atomic nucleus. As mentioned earlier
If A and B are two particles then for large particles, the uncertainty principle sets no
x. v meaningful limit to the precision of measurments.
A mB
W.E.43. An electron has a speed of 40ms–1 accurate
x. v mA
B upto 99.99%. What is the uncertainty in its
Significance of uncertainity principle : location?
It rules out the existence of definite paths and leads 0.01 1
to probability which can be given by quantum Sol : Given, v 40 0.004ms
100
mechanical model.
eg. If uncertainty in position is of only 10 8 m , then h
we know, x. v
the uncertainty velocity would be 4 m

10 4 m2 s 1 h
10 4
ms 1
(a large value) x
10 8 m 4 m v
W.E.41: A microscope using suitable photons is 6.625 10 34
employed to locate an electron in an atom x
4 3.14 9.1 10 31 0.004
within a distance of 0.1A 0 . What is the
uncertainty involved in the measurement of x 1.45 10 2 m
its velocity? Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
h h & Its Important Features :
Sol : x p (or ) xm v The fundamental equation of quantum mechanics
4 4
was developed by Schrodinger.
h It explains three dimensional concept of moving
v
4 xm electron.
This equation is based on de-Broglie’s wave
6.626 10 34 Js equation and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
v
4 3.14 0.1 10 10 m 9.11 10 31 kg Schrodinger’s wave equation is written as
2 2 2 2
0.579 107 ms 1 (1J 1kgm2 s 2 ) 8
E V 0
5.79 10 ms 6 1 x2 y2 z2 h2
where = Wave function(amplitude of the wave)
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
m = Mass of electron higher maximum at 2.6A0 radial distance.
h = Planck’s constant
E = Total energy of the electron
Shapes of Atomic Orbitals :
The space around the nucleus, where the prob-
V = Potential energy of electron
x, y, z are co - ordinates. ability of finding electron ( 2
) is maximum is called
8 2m an orbital.
2 (E ) 0 The maximum probability of finding an electron in
h2 an orbital is 95 %
2
is the Laplician operator s-orbital :
Ĥ E where Ĥ is a mathematical operator The variation of 2 as function of r for 1s and 2s
called Hamiltonian operator. orbitals is given as follows

h2 2 2 2
V 1s 2s
where Ĥ is 8 2
m x2 y2 z2 (a) 160 50
40
120 30
The Schrodinger wave equation gives principal, 80 20
azimuthal and magnetic quantum number but not 10
40 0
the spin quantum number -10
0
Important features of the Quantum 0 0.4 0.8 0 0.4 0.8
r(nm) r(nm)
Mechanical Model of Atom:
It states that the energy of electron in an atom is
quantized. 1s 2s
(b) 5000 300
It explains the probability of finding the electron 4000 240
2 3000 2 180
around the nucleus in three dimensionally. 2000 120
An atomic orbital is the wave function for an 1000 60
electron in an atom. 0
0 0.4 0.8
0
0 0.4 0.8
Significance of : It is a wave function.It r(nm) r(nm)

corresponds to energy state which contains all It may be noted that (from b-graph) for 1s orbital
information about electron. the probablity density is maximum at the nucleus
and it decreases sharply as move away from it.
Significance of 2 : It is a probability function. It
For 2s orbital the probability density first decreases
indicates maximum probability of finding an electron sharply to zero (node) and again starts increasing.
at a certain point in an atom. 2
The probability of finding an electron at a The region where probability density is zero
certain distance from the nucleus is called radial called nodes (or) nodal surface.
probability. For ns-orbital, (n l ) nodes are present.
The curves obtained by plotting probability function
eg: for 2s: 2-1 = 1, 3s : 3-1 = 2
D 4 r 2 d r 2 and radial distance (r) are called for 4s : 4-1 = 3, ns : n-1
radial probability distribution curves. The shape of s orbital ( l = 0,m = 0 ) is spherical.It
Number of peaks obtained in a curve = n - l is a non directional orbital.
where n = principal quantum number Size of s- orbital increases with increase in ‘ n’,
l = Azimuthal quantum number that is 4s 3s 2 s 1s .
The nodal surface of 2s orbital exists at a distance The shapes of s-orbitals are
of 2a 0 from the nucleus. Where a 0 is the Bohr z z Node 3s
z Node
1s 2s
y y y
radius 0.529 A 0 x x x
The curve for 2s orbital has two peaks the curve
passes through lower maximum at 0.53 A0 and
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
p-orbital : Nodal planes :
In a p - sub shell, the three orbitals are represented
The plane where the probability of finding the
as p x , p y , and p z . These are degenerate orbitals. 2
The shape of a p - orbital ( l = 1 ) is dumbell. electrons is zero is called a nodal plane.
p - orbitals are oriented along the axes. So they Number of nodal planes (or) angular nodes for an
are directional orbitals.
Orbital: px py pz orbital = l.
m : 1 1 0 Orbital Nodal Plane
With the increase of principle quantum number size, S Nil
and energy of ‘p’ orbitals increases 4 p 3 p 2 p .
The shapes of p-orbitals are Px 0 YZ
z z z
Py 1 ZX

x x x Pz 1 XY
y y y dxy 2 YZ, ZX
Px Py Pz
dyz 2 ZX, XY
dxz 2 XY, YZ
z
dx2 - y2 2 YZ, ZX
x
d z 2 orbital has no nodal plane ,because it has torous
y
p-sub shell is three fold degenerate. ring.It has two nodal cones above and below the
d-orbital : plane.
In a d - sub shell, the five orbitals are represented When the number of nodal planes increases, the
as d xy , d yz, d zx, d X 2 Y 2 and d z .
2 energy of the orbital increases. So the energy or-
These are degenerate orbitals. der of the orbitals is s p d f
The shape of a d - orbital ( l = 2 ) is double dumb Number of radial nodes = n - l - 1
bell.
where n = principal quantum number
d xy, d yz and d zx orbitals are oriented in between the
2
l = Azimuthal quantum number
axes. d X2 Y2 and d z orbitals are oriented along the Quantum Numbers :
axes. Four quantum numbers are required for the com-
Orbital : d xy d yz d zx d x 2 y2 dz 2 plete explanation of electrons in an atom.
m : 2 1 1 2 0 1. Principal quantum number
d-sub shell is five fold degenerate. 2. Azimuthal quantum number
The shapes of d-orbitals are 3. Magnetic quantum number
z z 4. Spin quantum number
x x
Principal Quantum Numbers (n) :
It was proposed by NeilsBohr
y y
dxy z dyz The values of n =1, 2, 3, 4 ..... or K, L,M, N .......
respectively
x It indicates the size and energy of the orbit.
z y z With the increase of ‘n’, size and energy of orbital
dz 2
increases
x x
y y The maximum number of electrons in an orbit 2n 2
dzx dx2- 2
y Total number of orbitals = n2
 (where n = no.of the orbit) The number of orbitals in an energy level n 2
Angular momentum of an electron in an
The number of orbitals in a sub shell 2l 1
h Maximum number of electrons in a subshell
orbit n
2
2 2l l where l = Azimuthal quantum number..
Azimuthal Quantum Numbers ( l ) :
It was proposed by Sommerfeld
The values of l depends on ‘n’ . Value of l 0 1 2 3 4 5
The values are = 0, 1, 2, .....( n -1 ). Sub-shell s p d f g h
The values of l represents various sub shells.
No.of ortbitals (2l+1) 1 3 5 7 9 11
When l = 0, 1, 2, 3 ... the orbitals are
s, p, d, f ....... sub shells respectively. No.of electrons 2(2l+1) 2 6 10 14 18 22
The energies are in the order of s p d f .
Spin Quantum Number (ms):
It indicates the shape of an orbital and angular
It was proposed by Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck.
momentum of electron.
The values of spin quantum number are indepen-
Total number of sub shells in an energy level = n
Angular momentum of the electron in an orbital 1 1
dent. The values of s and
h 2 2
l (l +l) h l l 1 For each value of ‘m’, there can be two ‘s’ values.
2
It indicates the direction of the spin of the
where h = Planck’s constant
electron.
l = Azimuthal quantum number
The clock wise direction spin is represented
Sub-shell
n value
notation 1
1 0 1s by and anticlock wise direction spin is
2
0 2s 1
2
1 2p represented by
2
0 3s Spin anuglar momentum of the electron
3 1 3p h
= s s 1 ; where ‘s’ is total spin.
2 3d 2
0 4s Maximum number of electrons in an
1 4p orbital = 2.
4 The maximum number of electrons present in s, p,
2 4d
d and f shells are 2, 6, 10 and 14 respectively.
3 4f W.E.44: What is the total number of orbitals
Magnetic Quantum number (ml): associated with the principle quantum
It was proposed by Lande. number n=3?
The values of m depends on ‘ l ’. Sol: For n=3, the possible values of l are 0,1 and 2.
The values ranges from = +l ..... 0 ..... -l Thus there is one 3s orbital (n=3, l 1 and
The total ‘m’ values = 2l + 1 ml 1,0, 1); t here are five 3d orbitals
The total number of ‘m’ values indicates the total
number of orbitals in the subshell. (n=3, l 2 and ml 2, 1, 0, 1, 2).
The number of orbitals in s, p,d,f, g and h sub shells The same value can also be obtained by using the
are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 respectively.
relation; number of orbitals n2 , i, e 32 9
It indicates the orientation of orbitals in space.
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I ATOMIC STRUCTURE
W.E.45: Using s, p, d, f notations, describe the
orbital with the following quantum numbers l=0 l=1 l=2 l=3
a) n = 2, l = 1 b) n= 4, l = 0,
c) n = 5, l = 3 d) n = 3, l = 2 n=1 1s
Sol: n l orbital
a) 2 1 2p n=2 2s 2p
b) 4 0 4s
c) 5 3 5f
n=3 3s 3p 3d
d) 3 2 3d
Energy of Orbitals : n=4 4s 4p 4d 4f
The energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is
determined by the principal quantum number. Thus
the energy of the orbitals increases as follows: n=5 5s 5p 5d 5f
1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s = 4p = 4d = 4f
The energy of an electron in a multielectron atom n=6 6s 6p 6d
depends not only on its principal quantum number
(shell), but also on its azimuthal quantum number
(subshell). n=7 7s 7p

The energy of an electron is given by n l value.

n=8 8s
The lower the value of n l for an orbital, the
lower is its energy. If two orbitals have the same Pauli’s Exclusion Principle:
It gives the restrictions in filling of various
value of n l , the orbital with lower value of ‘n’
orbitals with electrons.
will have the lower energy. It states that - No two electrons in an atom can
Energies of the orbitals in the same subshell have the same set of all four quantum numbers .
decrease with increase in the atomic number (Zeff). The two electrons in a given orbital may have same
eg. energies of 2s orbital in IA group values of n, l and m, but different ‘s’ value.
E2s H E2 s Li E2 s Na E2 s K It says that , an orbital cannot accommodate more
than two electrons.
Aufbau Principle :
In the ground state of the atoms,the orbitals eg. For 2s orbital,
are filled in order of their increasing energies.
It means , among the available orbitals, the orbitals 1
of lowest energy are filled first. For 1st electron, n = 2, l = 0, m = 0, s =
2
The energy value of an orbital increases as its
1
(n + l) value increases. For 2nd electron, n = 2, l = 0, m = 0, s =
If two orbitals have the same value for (n + l), the 2
orbital having lower ‘n’ value is first filled. The maximum number of electrons present in s, p,
The increasing order of energy’s different orbitals d and f shells are 2, 6, 10 and 14 respectively.
is as follows. Hund’s Rule :
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d It deals with the filling up of degenerate orbitals
< 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s< ....... with electrons (degenerate = orbitals of equal
Moellar diagram of order of filling of orbitals : energy)
The orbitals having the same values for n and l are
called degenerate orbitals.
It states that - Pairing up of electrons in degenerate
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
orbitals takes place after filling each with one 2.Exchange Energy:
electron of parallel spin. The stabilizing effect arises whenever two or
The pairing of electrons in the p,d and f orbitals more electrons with the same spin are present in
start with the entry of 4th, 6th and 8th electrons the degenerate orbitals of a subshell.
respectively. These electrons tend to exchange their positions
Electronic Configuration of Atoms : and the energy released due to this exchange is
The distribution of electrons into orbitals of an atom called exchange energy.
is called Electronic Configuration. The number of exchanges that can take place is
It is represented as nlx notation or moellar maximum when the subshell is either half filled or
diagram completely filled.
The electrons in the inner shells are called core As a result the exchange energy will be maximum
electrons. and so is the stability.
The electrons that are added to the electronic shell no of exchanges = N 1
with highest principal quantum number are called
valence electrons. N ( N 1)
Eexchange
Half filled and completely filled degenerate orbitals 2
give greater stability to atoms. Here N is the number of electrons having parallel
Chromium (Z = 24) and copper (Z = 29) have spin.
anomalous electronic configuration due to this
reason.
eg.Electronic configuration of chromium atom is
1
Cr (z=24): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p6 3d5 4s1
but not 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2.
Thus p3 , p 6 , d 5 , d 10 , f 7 , f 14 configurations, 4 exchange by electron 1
which are either half filled or fully filled are more
stable.
Other examples are
Nb 41 5s 0 4d 5 2

Mb 42 5s1 4d 5
3 exchange by electron 2
Pd 46 5s 0 4d 10

Ag 47 5s1 4d 10

Gd 64 6 s 2 5d 1 4 f 7 3

Au 79 6s1 5d 10 4 f 14
Stability of Completely filled and Half 2 exchange by electron 3
filled subshells:
The completely filled and half filled sub shells are
stable due to the following reasons. 4
1.Symmetrical distribution of electrons:
It is well known that symmetry leads to stability.
The completely filled or half filled subshells have 2 exchange by electron 4
symmetrical distribution of electrons in them and
are more stable.
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Conceptual Atomic Models
9. Ernest Rutherford’s model of the atom didn’t
Subatomic Particles specifically include the _____.
1. One of the fundamental particles is missing in 1) Proton 2) Electron
one of the isotopes of hydrogen atom. The 3) Nucleus 4) Neutron
particle and isotope are respectively 10. The conclusions of Rutherford scattering
1) Neutron, protium 2) Neutron, tritium experiment does not include:
3) Proton, protium 4) Electron, tritium 1) particle can come within a distance of the
2. The charge of an electron is 1.6 10–19C what order of 10 14 m of the nucleus.
will be the value of charge on Na+ ion.
1)1.6 10–19C 2)3.2 10–19C 2) The radius of the nucleus is less than 10 14 m
3) 2.4 10–19C 4) 10 1.6 10–19C 3) Scattering follows Coulomb’s law
3. Which of the following is correct for cathode 4) The (+) vely charged particles of an atom move
rays in discharge tube with extremely high velocities.
1) Independent of the nature of the cathode Atomic Number & Mass Number
2) Independent of the nature of the gas 11. A neutral atom, with atomic number greater
3) Deflection is observed in presence of electric than one consists of
and magnetic field 1) Protons only 2) Protons and neutrons
4) All the above 3) Neutrons and electrons
4. The specific charge for a cathode ray. 4) Neutrons, electrons and protons
1) Has the smallest value when the discharge tube 12. The ratio between the neutrons present in
carbon atom and silicon atom with mass
is filled with H2
numbers 12 and 28 is
2) Is constant
1) 7 : 3 2) 3 : 7 3) 1 : 2 4) 2 : 1
3) Varies with the atomic number of gas in the
13. Many elements have non-integral masses.
discharge tube This is because
4) Varies with the atomic number of an element 1) Their isotopes have different atomic number
forming the cathode ray 2) Their isotopes have different masses
5. The specific charge for positive rays is much 3) Their isotopes have non-integral masses
less than the specific charge for cathode rays. 4) Their constituents, protons, electrons and
This is because: neutrons combine to give fractional masses
1) Positive rays are positively charged 14. Among the following which is not isoelectronic
2) Charge on positive rays is less with others
3) Positive rays comprise ionised atoms whose mass 1) HF 2) H2O 3) NH3 4) CO
is much higher 15. Set of iso electronic ions among the following is
4) Experimental method for determination is wrong. 1) Na+, Cl–, O–2 2) K+, Ca+2, F–
6. If S1 be the specific charge (e/m) of cathode – +
3) Cl , K , S –2 4) H+, Be+2, Na+
rays and S2 be that of positive ray then which
is true? Electromagnetic Radiation
1) S1 = S2 2) S1 > S2 16. All types of electromagnetic radiations possess
3) S1 < S2 4) Any one of these same
7. The massive particle among the following is 1) Wave length 2) Frequency 3)Energy
4) Velocity when they passed through vacuum
1) - particle 2) Deuteron
17. The radiation having maximum wave length is
3) Proton 4) - particle 1) Ultraviolet rays 2) Radio waves
8. Which of the following statements about the 3) X-rays 4) Infra-red rays
electron is incorrect? 18. Electromagnetic radiation, which of the
1) It is a negatively charged particle. following has greater wavelength than vis-
2) The mass of electron is equal to the mass of ible light
neutron. 1) U.V rays 2) I.R rays
3) It is a basic constituent of all atoms. 3) Gamma rays 4) X-rays
4) It is a constituent of cathode rays.
19. The product of which of the following is equal 27. Transition of electron from M-shell to K-shell
to the velocity of light results in the emission of
1) Wave length and wave number 1) Cosmic rays 2) Infrared rays
2) Wave length and frequency 3) Ultraviolet rays 4) X-rays
3) Frequency and wave number 28. Which of the following transition is associated
4) Wave length and amplitude with coloured spectral line
1) n = 5 to n = 3 2) n = 4 to n = 2
Plank’s Quantum Theory And Photo 3) n = 2 to n = 1 4) n = 3 to n = 1
Electric Effect 29. Values of n1 and n2 for H spectral line in the
20. Which of the following relates to photons both hydrogen emission spectrum
as wave motion and as a stream of particles? 1) 1 and 2 2) 2 and 3 3) 3 and 2 4) 2 and 4
1) Interference 2) E = mc2 30. Rydberg constant is
3) Diffraction 4) E = hv 1) Same for all elements
21. The photoelectric emission from a surface 2) Different for different elements
starts only when the light incident upon the 3) A universal constant
surface has certain minimum 4) Is different for lighter elements but same for
1) Intensity 2) Wavelength heavier elements
3) Frequency 4) Velocity
Bohr’s Atomic Model
22. A surface ejects electrons when hit by green
light but not when hit by yellow light. Will 31. The value of the total energy of an electron in
electrons be ejected if the surface is hit by red the hydrogen atom is given by
light 1) mv2 2) 1/2 mv2 3) –e2/2r 4) - mv/r2
1) Yes 2) No 32. The ratio between potential energy and total
3) Yes, if the red bream is quite intense energy of an electron in H-atom according to
4) Yes, if the red beam continues to fall upon Bohr atom
23. Kinetic energy of photo electrons is 1) 1 : -1 2) 1 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 2: 1
independent on --------- of incident radiation. 33. The equation corresponding to the wave
1) Wavelength 2) Wave number number of spectral line in the Bracket series
3) Frequency 4) Intensity
1) R[(1 / 2 2 ) (1 / 42 )] 2) R[(1 / 4 2 ) (1 / 52 )]
Atomic Spectra
24. The best evidence that electrons are arranged 3) R[(1 / 32 ) (1 / 52 )] 4) R[(1 / 6 2 ) (1 / 4 2 )]
in definite orbits or energy levels is based on 34. The wave length of a spectral line for an
the observation that
1) Atomic spectra consist of discrete lines and not electronic transition is inversely related to
continuous bands 1) Velocity of electron undergoing transition
2) Electrons in the beta ray have high kinetic energy 2) Number of elctrons undergoing transaction
3) The penetrating power of cathode ray electrons 3) The difference in energy levels involved in the
depends upon the voltage used to produce them transition
4) Electrons revolve around the nucleus 4) None of these
25. The band spectrum is caused by 35. E value is maximum in
1) Molecules 2) Atoms 1) E2 - E1 = E 2) E3 - E2 = E
3) Any substance in solid state 3) E4 - E3 = E 4) E5 - E4 = E
4) Any substance in liquid state de-Broglie’s And Heisenberg
Hydrogen Spectrum Uncertainity Principle
26. The hydrogen spectrum from an incandescent 36. Diffraction of the electron beam is an evidence
source of hydrogen is: of the fact that
1) An emission band spectrum 1) Electrons repel each other
2) An emission line spectrum 2) Light has wave properties
3) An absorption band spectrum 3) Electron has wave property
4) An absorption line spectrum 4) Electron has momentum
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
37. Wave properties are only important for magnetic quantum number
particles having 1) + 2 2) + 3 3) - 3 4) - 4
1) High mass and low velocities 48. The 2px, 2py and 2pz orbitals of an atom have
2) Low mass and no velocity identical shapes but differ in their
3) High mass and high velocities 1) Size 2) Shape 3) Orientation 4) Spin
4) Low mass and high velocities 49. The orbital with maximum number of possible
38. Which of the following is responsible to rule orientations
out the existence of definite paths or 1) s 2) p 3) d 4) f
trajectories of electrons? 50. The quantum number which cannot say any
1) Pauli’s exclusion principle. thing about an orbital is
2) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. 1) n 2) l 3) m 4) s
3) Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity. 51. Which is not an atomic orbital?
4) Aufbau principle. 1) 2d 2) 5p 3) 3p 4) 4d
52. The quantum number in which the valence
Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
electrons of magnesium differs in
2
39. psi the wave function represents the 1) m 2) n 3) l 4) s
probability of finding electron. Its value 53. The set of quantum numbers not possible to
depends an electron is
1) Inside the nucleus 2) Far from the nucleus 1) 1,1,1, +1/2 2) 1,0,0, +1/2
3) Near the nucleus 3) 1, 0, 0, - 1/2 4) 2, 0,0, +1/2
4) Upon the type of orbital Electronic Configuration
40. In the Schrodinger wave equation 54. According to (n + l) rule after completing ‘np’
represents level the electron enters into
1) Orbitals 2) Wave function 1) (n – 1) d 2) (n + 1) s
3) Amplitude function 4) Both 2 & 3 3) nd 4) (n + 1) p
41. The electron density of 3dxy orbital in YZ 55. If Pauli’s exclusion principle is not known, the
plane is electronic arrangement of lithium atom is
1) 50 % 2) 95 % 3) 33.33 % 4) Zero 1) 1s2 2s1 2) 1s1 2s2
42. In an orbital, the signs of lobes indicate the 3) 1s3 4) 1s2 2s1 2p1
1) Sign of the wave function 56. Any p - orbital can accommodate upto
2) Sign of the probability distribution 1) Four electrons
3) Presence or absence or electron 2) Two electrons with parallel spins
4) Sign of charge 3) Six electrons
43. The number of radial nodes, nodal planes for
4) Two electrons with opposite spins
an orbital with n = 4 ; l = 1 is
1) 3, 1 2) 2, 1 3) 2, 0 4) 4, 0 57. Due to which of the following reasons the
nitrogen shows three unpaired electrons
Quantum Numbers
1) Hund’s rule 2) Aufbau principle
44. The quantum number which determines the
number of sub-energy levels in any main 3) Pauli's principle 4) Heisenberg’s principle
energy level is 58. Mg+2, Al+3 have identical _____
1) n 2) l 3) m 4) s 1) Configuration 2) Atoms
45. Among the various quantum numbers (n, l, m, 3) Ions 4) Molecules
s)describing an electron which can have the 59. The maximum number of electrons in an atom
largest value which can have (n + l) = 4
1) n 2) l 3) m 4) s 1) 2 2) 6 3) 8 4) 18
46 The angular momentum of an electron in an 60. The valency shell electron configuration of an
atom depends on atom is 4s2 4p5. The maximum no. of electrons
1) m 2) l 3) n 4) All having parallel spin in this configuration are
47. A 3d electron having s = + 1/2 can have a 1) 7 2) 4 3) 3 4) 5
 Key – Conceptual (C.W) 47. For 3d orbital l 2 ;m= -2 to+2.
01) 1 02) 1 03) 4 04) 2 05) 3 06) 2 49. f - orbitals has 7 orientations.
07) 1 08) 2 09) 4 10) 4 11) 4 12) 2 51. 2d orbital is not possible
13) 2 14) 4 15) 3 16) 4 17) 2 18) 2 Conceptual (H.W)
19) 2 20) 4 21) 3 22) 2 23) 4 24) 1
25) 1 26) 2 27) 3 28) 2 29) 4 30) 2 Subatomic Particles
31) 3 32) 4 33) 2 34) 3 35) 1 36) 2 1. Which of the following is not a fundamental
particle
37) 4 38) 2 39) 4 40) 4 41) 4 42) 1
1) Proton 2) Neutron
43) 2 44) 1 45) 1 46) 2 47) 1 48) 3
3) particle 4) Electron
49) 4 50) 4 51) 1 52) 4 53) 1 54) 2
2. Magnitude of deflection of cathode rays
55) 3 56) 4 57) 1 58) 1 59) 3 60) 2 in discharge tube is more when
1) Magnitude of charge of the particle is more
Hints – Conceptual (C.W)
2) Greater interaction with the electric or
1. H11 (Pr otium) number of neutrons = 1-1=0 magnetic field
6. mass of electron is less 3) Less mass of the particle
11. Electron,proton and neutron are the fundametal 4) All the above
particles 3. The constancy of e/m ratio for electron
12. n = A-Z shows that
1
14. HF, H2Oand NH3 have 10 electrons 1) Electrons mass is th of the mass of proton
1837
17. X rays U .V rays I .R Radio 2) Electrons are universal particles of all matter
3) Electrons are produced in discharge tube only
4) None of these
18. rays X rays U .V rays I .R Radio e
4. The value of electron is
m
1) 1.76 10–11ckg–1 2) 1.76 1011ckg–1
c 3) 1.76 1012kg–1c 4) 1.76 1013kg–1c
19. c 5. When the speed of the electron increases, the
specific charge
22. Red light has less frequency than green. So, it will
1) Decreases 2) Increases
not cause ejection of electrons
3) Remains same 4) None
27. Lyman series of line are observed in uv-region. 6. The nature of anode rays depends upon
28. n=4 to n=2 falls in visible region 1) Nature of gas filled in the discharge tube
29. For H , n n2 n1 2 2) Nature of electrode
3) Nature of metal 4) None of these
e2 e
P.E r 7. The value of proton is
2 m
32. T .E e2
e
2r 1) Less than value of electron
m
33. For bracket series n1 4, n2 5, 6, 7... e
35. On moving away from nucleus energy difference 2) Equal to value of electron
m
between successive orbit decrease e
43. No of radial nodes n l 1 3) Greater than value of electron
m
No of nodal planes= l 4) All the above.
44. No of sub energy levels=n
 Atomic models 17. The radiation with highest wave number
8. In Rutherford's alpha-ray scattering experiment, 1) Micro waves 2) X–rays
the alpha particles are detected using a screen 3) I.R.Radiations 4) Radiowaves
coated with 18. The energy of photon is inversely proportional
1) Carbon black 2) Platinum black to its
3) Zinc sulphide 4) Teflon 1) Wavelength 2) Frequency
9. Rutherford’s alpha-rays scattering experiments 3) Wavenumber 4) Valency
showed for the first time that the atom has Planck’s Quantum Theory & Photo
1) Nucleus 2) Proton 3) Electron 4)Neutron Electric Effect
10. When alpha particles are sent through a thin 19. The value of planck’s constant is
metal foil, most of them go straight through 1) 6.6256 10 27 J s 2) 6.6256 10 34 J s
the foil because 3) 6.023 10 23 J s 4)1.6 10 19 J s
1) Alpha particles are much heavier than electron 20. The ratio of energy to frequency of
2) Alpha particles are positively charged electromagnetic radiation is called
3) Alpha particles move with high velocity 1) Bohr’s constant 2) Rydberg’s constant
4) Most part of the atom is empty 3) Planck’s constant 4) Ritz constant
11. For the atomic radius of the order of 10–8 cm 21. The minimum energy required to eject an
and nuclear radius of the order of 10–13 cm. electron from an atom is called
The fraction of atom occupied by the nucleus 1) Kinetic energy 2) Electrical energy
will be 3) Chemical energy 4) Work function
1) 10–13 atomic volume 22. In photoelectric effect the number of
2) 10–14 atomic volume photo-electrons emitted is proportional to
3) 10–15 atomic volume
1) Intensity of incident beam
4) 10–16 atomic volume
2) Frequency of incident beam
Atomic Number and Mass Number 3) Wavelength of incident beam
12. The lightest radioactive isotope in periodic 4) All
table is 23. The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons in
1) Tritium 2) Deuterium photoelectric effect is
3) Protium 4) All the above 1) Directly proportional to the frequency of the
13. Isotopes exhibits similar incident radiation
1) Physical properties 2) Chemical properties
2) Inversely proportional to the frequency of the
3) Physical and chemical
4) Neither physical nor chemical properties. incident radiation
20 21 22
14. Among 10A 11B 11C and 12D the isobar 22 3) Not related to the frequency of the incident
combination is radiation
1) A & B 2) B & C 3) C & D 4) A & D 4) All the above
15. The hydride ion is isoelectronic with 24. Photo electric effected is not observed in
1) H + 2) He + 3) He 4) Be case of
1) Potassium 2) Rubidium
Electromagnetic Radiation
3) Magnesium 4) Cesium
16. Which of the following statements is not correct
regarding electromagnetic spectrum?
Atomic Spectra
1) The velocity of X-rays is more than that of 25. The spectrum with all wavelengths may be
microwaves 1) Absorption spectrum 2) Emission spectrum
2) Infra-red radiations have larger wavelength than 3) Continuous spectrum 4) Discontinuous spectrum
cosmic rays 26. Line spectrum is characteristic of
3) The frequency of microwaves is less than that of 1) Atoms 2) Molecules
ultra - violet rays 3) Any substance in the solid state
4) X-rays have larger wave number than micro 4) Any substance in the liquid state
waves
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
Hydrogen Spectrum de-Broglie’s And Heisenberg
27. Atoms can not give Uncertainity Principle
1) Absorption spectrum 2) Line spectrum 36. The momentum of electron is
3) Band spectrum 4) Atomic spectrum 1) Directly proportional to wave length
28. The hydrogen line spectrum provides 2) Inversly proportional to wave number
evidence for the 3) Inversly proportional to wave length
1) Heisenberg uncertainty principle 4) Unable to be determined
2) Wave-like properties of light 37. The de Broglie wavelength relates to applied
3) Diatomic nature of H2 voltage as :
4) Quantized nature of atomic energy states.
12.3 0 12.3 0

29. If RH is the Rydberg constant, then the energy 1) A 2) A

h V
of an electron in the ground state of Hydrogen
atom is 12.3 0

3) A 4) Both (2) and (3)

E
hc
1) RH / C 2) RH h / C 3) 4) RH hc 38. According to de Broglie’s concept, the
RH circumference of each electron of which must
Bohr’s Atomic Model be equal to
30. According to Bohr's theory energy is ..... when 1) Diameter of a electron
an electron moves from a lower to a higher 2) The wave length of an electron
orbit. 3) The integral no of electron wavelength
1) Absorbed 2) Emitted 4) Planck’s constant divided by 2
3) No change 4) Both 1 and 2 Quantum Mechanical Model
31. The basic assumption of Bohrs Model of 39. The quantum no. not obtained from
hydrogen atom is that Schrodinger’s wave equation is
1) The energy of the electron is quantised 1) n 2) l 3) m 4) s
2) The angular momentum of the electron is 40. Which one of the following expressions
quantised represent the electron probability function (D)
3) The radial distance of the electron is quantised 1) 4 r dr 2 2) 4 r 2 dr
4) The orbital velocity of the electron is quantised
3) 4 r 2 dr 2 4) 4 r dr
32. The radius of an orbit in hydrogen atom is
equal to 41. The probability of finding an electron in an
orbital is approximately?
1) n2h2 / 4 2 m Ze2 2) 2 Ze2 / nh
1) 95% 2) 50% 3) 60% 4) 25%
3) 2 2mZ2e4 / n2h2 4) -2 2mZ2e2 / n2h2
42. Which one of the following atomic orbitals is
33. The total energy of the electron in any orbit
not directed along the axis?
of one electron containing species is given by
the expression 1) Px 2) d x 2 y2 3) dxy 4) d z 2
1) e 2 / r 2 2) n 2 h 2 / 2 2 Z 2e 4 m Quantum Numbers
3) 2 2 mZ 2 e 4 / n 2 h 2 4) nh / 2 43. Total numebr of orbitals associated with third
shell will be _____.
34. The total energy of the electron revolving
1) 2 2) 4 3) 9 4) 3
round the nucleus is
44. The azimuthal quantum number of a non-
1) zero 2) less than zero directional orbital is
3) More than zero 1) 0 2) 1 3) -1 4) +1/2
4) In some atoms less than zero and in certain atoms 45. The shape of an orbital is decided by
more than zero 1) Radial wave function
35. Bohr’s model of atom can explain the 2) Angular wave function
spectrum of all except 3) Magnetic quantum number
1) H 2) He+ 3) Li+2 4) He 4) Spin quantum number
46. The azimuthal quantum number of an electron 25) 3 26) 1 27) 3 28) 4 29) 4 30) 1
is one. The shape of the orbital is
1) Spherical 2) Dumb bell 31) 2 32) 1 33) 3 34) 2 35) 4 36) 3
3) Double dumb bell 4) Highly complicated 37) 2 38) 3 39) 4 40) 3 41) 1 42) 3
47. The m value not possible for a double 43) 3 44) 1 45) 2 46) 2 47) 3 48) 3
dumbell-shaped orbital is
1) 0 2) -2 3) +3 4) -1 49) 3 50) 1 51) 3 52) 1 53) 1 54) 1
48. The quantum number which determines the 55) 2 56) 3
energy of a sublevel is
1) n 2) l Hints Conceptual (H.W)
3) Both n and l 4) Neither n nor l 1 m0
49. The sub-energy level having minimum 5. m ,m
v 2
energy is 1
1) 3d 2) 5p 3) 4s 4) 4p C
50. The quantum number that was proposed to 4 3
explain the Zeeman effect is 11. volume r
1) m 2) l 3) s 4) n 3
51. Orbital angular momentum depends on X rays U .V rays I .R Radio
1) l 2) n and l 3) n and m 4) m and s 17.
52. The angular momentum of an electron due to
its spin is given by hc 1
h h 18. E h ;E
1) s s 1 2) s s 1
2 2 E
h 2 20. E h ;h
3) 4) s s 1
2 h 24. Highly electropositive metals show photo electric
53. According to aufbau principle the electron has effect.
a tendency to occupy that subshell which RH hc
has......... energy. 29. En
1) Lowest 2) Highest n2
3) No energy 4) Both 1 and 2 e2
34. Total energy is negative value ( )
54. The statement “No two electrons in an atom can 2r
have all the four quantum numbers identical” is 35. It can explin the spectra of uni electronic species
known as the............. only.
1) Pauli's exclusion principle 2) Aufbau Principle h h 1
3) Hund's rule 4) Heisenberg’s principle 36. ;p ;p
p
55. The electronic configuration of an element Cr
is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1. This represents 1 2
its 37. K .E V .e mv
2
1) Excited state 2) Ground state 2V .e 2E h
3) Cationic form 4) Gnionic form v
56. An atom Cr has one 4s electron and five 3d m m m
electrons. How many unpaired electrons would h h
be in Cr+3? or
2mVe 2mE
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 10
h 12.3 10
Key – Conceptual (H.W) or m
01) 3 02) 4 03) 2 04) 2 05) 1 06) 1 eV
. .m V
38. 2 r n
07) 1 08) 3 09) 1 10) 4 11) 3 12) 1
43. Total no.of orbital in a shell = n 2
13) 2 14) 3 15) 3 16) 1 17) 2 18) 1 44. s orbital
19) 2 20) 3 21) 4 22) 1 23) 1 24) 3 46. If l 1 , i.e p-subshell.
47. For d-orbital l 2 ,so m 2, 1, 0, 1, 2 are 8. The electromagnetic radiations are,
possible a) Visible light b) IR light
49. Lower (n l ) indicates lower energy c) UV light d) Micro waves
The correct order of increasing energy from
56. Cr 4 s1 3d 5 ; Cr 4 s 0 3d 3
lowest to highest is
1) a b c d 2) a b c d
Level-I (C.W) 3) d b a c 4) b c d a
Sub Atomic Particles Planck’s Quantum Theory & Photo
1. The value of charge on the oil droplets Electric Effect
experimentally observed were –1.6 10–19and 9. Energy levels A, B, C of a certain atoms
–4 10–19coulomb. The value of the electronic corresponding to increasing values of energy
charge, indicated by these results is level i.e., E A EB EC . If 1 , 2 and 3 are
1) 1.6 10–19 2) –2.4 10–19 the wavelengths of radiations corresponding
3) –4 10 –19 4) –0.8 10–19
to the transitions C to B, B to A and C to A
2. The charge to mass ratio of particle is respectively which of the following statement
approximately two the charge to mass ratio of is correct?
proton is
1) Half 2) Twice 3) 4 times 4) 6 times 1 2
3. The increasing order of specific charge of 1) 3 1 2 2) 3
1 2
electron (e), proton (p), alpha particle ( ) and
neutron (n) is 3) 1 2 3 0 4) 32 1
2 2
2
1) e, p, n, 2) n, p, e, 10. Planck’s constant has the same dimensions as
3) n, , p, e 4) n, p, , e that of
Atomic Number, Mass Number & EMR 1) Power 2) Work
4. The nitride ion in lithium nitride is composed of 3) Radiant energy 4) Angular momentum.
1) 7 protons + 7 electrons 11. The number of photons of light having wave
2) 10 protons + 7 electrons number x in 1 J of energy source is (Planck’s
3) 7 protons + 10 electrons constant = h, velocity of light = c)
4) 10 protons + 10 electrons x 1
5. The wrong statement among the following is 1) hcx 2) hc/x 3) 4)
1) Nitrogen atom, nitride ion have same atomic hc hcx
number 12. The work function of a photoelectric material
2) Aluminium atom and its ion have same mass is 3.3 eV. It threshold frequency will be
number 1) 4 1 0 1 1 H z 2) 7.96 1010 Hz
3) Iron atom, ferrous ion have same electron 3) 5 1033 Hz 4) 4 1011 Hz
configuration 13. In photo electric effect, the energy photon
4) Nuclear charge is same in both chlorine atom,
chloride ion striking a metallic surface is 5.6 10 19 J . The
6. In which of the following species both cation kinetic energy of the ejected electrons is
and Anion have same number of electrons 12.0 10 20 J . The work function is
1) CaO 2) KBr 3) NaF 4) MgS 1) 6.4 10 19 J 2) 6.8 10 19 J
7. An atom contains electrons, protons and
neutrons. If the mass of each neutrons is 3) 4.4 10 19 J 4) 6.4 10 20 J
halved, and each electron is doubled, then the 14. The kinetic energy of electrons ejected by
atomic mass of 12Mg24 using light having frequency equal to thresh-
1) Gets doubled old frequency (v0)is :
2) Approximately remain same 1) hv0 2) Almost zero
3) Approximately get reduced by 5% 3) Very large 4) h/v0
4) Approximately get reduced by 25%
 Hydrogen Spectrum 25. Each hydrogen atom is excited by giving 10.2
15. Which of the following transitions are not eV. The maximum number of spectral lines in
allowed in the normal electronic emission the emission is equal to
spectrum of an atom? 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
1) 2s 1s 2) 2 p 1s 26. Consider the following statements
I) Bohr’s theory can also be used to explain
3) 3d 4p 4) 5 p 3s the spectra of He+ ion
16. In hydrogen spectrum, the spectral line of II) Energy of an electron in the first Bohr or-
Balmer series having lowest wavelength is bit of hydrogen atom is –13.6 eV
III) Bohr’s theory is only applicable to hydro-
1) H – line 2) H – line 3) H – line 4) H – line gen atom and not to any other species
IV) The energy of an electron in a hydrogen
17. In Hydrogen atom electron is present in the N
atom is quantised
shell. If it loses energy, a spectral line may be The correct statements are
observed in the region
1) I, II, IV 2) II, III 3) II, IV 4) All
1) Infra-red 2) Visible
3) Ultra-violet 4) All the above 27. The ionisation potential of H-atom is 13.6 eV. It is
18. The electron present in 5th orbit in excited exposed to electromagnetic radiation of wavelength
hydrogen atoms returned back to ground state. 1028A0 and gives out induced radiations, then
The no. of lines which appear in Lyman series 1) Longest wavelength of induced is 6568A0
of hydrogen spectrum 2) Lowest wavelength of induced radiation is 102A0
1) 5 2) 10 3) 4 4) 6 3) Longest wavelength of induced radiation is
19. Which of the following gives neither emission 3252A0
spectrum nor absorption spectrum? 4.) Longest wavelength of induced is 1216A0
1) He+ 2) H2 3) H+ 4) He 28. Which of the following curves may represent
20. The following electronic transition corresponds the speed of electron in a H-atom as a function
to the shortest wave length (n = no. of orbit) of principal quantum number (n)
1) n5 n1 2) n5 n3 3) n5 n2 4) n5 n4
21. Which of the following electron transition in
hydrogen atom will require the energy 1) V 2) V
equivalent to its ionization energy ? n n

1) from n = 1 to n = 2 2) from n = 2 to n =3 n n
3) from n = 1 to n = 3 4)from n = 1 to n
22. If the mass of the electron is reduced to half
the Rydberg constant 3) 4)
Vn Vn
1) Remains unchanged 2) Becomes half
3) Becomes double 4) Becomes one fourth n n
Bohr’s Atomic model 29. The difference in angular momentum
23. According to Bohr's theory, the angular associated with the electron in two successive
momentum for an electron of 5th orbit is; orbits of hydrogen atom is
1) 10h/ 2) 5h / 2 3) 25h/ 4) 5 /2h 1) h / 2 2) h / 3) h/2 4) (n - 1) h / 2
24. The change in velocity when hydrogen electron 30. Properties of electrons that are quantized in
jumps from K shell to L shell is Bohr’s atomic model are
1) One-half of its original velocity 1) Mass and energy
2) Twice to its original velocity 2) Energy and angular momentum
3) One-quarter of its original velocity 3) Angular momentum and mass
4) Equal to its original velocity 4) Mass and charge
31. When greater number of excited hydrogen 39. The basis of quantum mechanical model of an
atoms reach the ground state, then atom is
1) More number of lines are found in Lyman series 1) Angular momentum of electron
2) The intensity of lines in Balmer series increase 2) Qantum numbers
3) The intensity of lines in Lyman series increase 3) Dual nature of electron
4) Both the intensity and number of lines in Lyman 4) Black body radiation
series increases
40. In the plots of radial distribution function for
32. To which of the following is Bohr’s theory
applicable the hydrogen 3s orbital versus ‘r’, the no. of
I) He+ II) Li+2 III) Tritium IV) Be+2 peaks are
The correct combination is 1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0
1) III, IV 2) I, II, III, IV 41. Which of the following conditions is
3) I, II 4) I, II, III incorrect for
1) must be single valued at any particular point
de-Broglie’s & Heisenberg’s
33. Which of the following has the largest de 2) must be positive
Broglie wavelength provided all have equal 3) must be a continuous function of its
velocity? coordinates
1) Carbon dioxide molecule 2) Ammonia molecule 4) None of the above
3) Oxygen molecule 4) Nitrogen molecule 42. Consider the following statements :
34. Among the following particles, which will have 1) Electron density in XY plane in 3d x2 y2
the shortest wavelength when accelerated by
orbital is zero
one million eV?
1) Neutron 2) Tritium atom 2) Electron density in XY plane in 3d z2 orbital
3) -particle 4) Electron is zero
35. If the wavelength of the electron is 3) 2s orbital has only one spherical node
numerically equal to the distance travelled 4) For 2pz orbital YZ is the nodal plane
by it in 1 sec, then The correct statements are :
h h 1) 2 and 3 2) 1,2,3,4 3) Only 2 4) 1 & 3
1) 2) 43. Which of the following statements is correct?
p m
1) An orbital describes the path of an electron in
h an atom
h
3) 4) 2) An orbital is a region where the electron is not
m p located
36. When uncertainty in position and momentum 3) An orbital is a function which gives the
are equal, then uncertainty in velocity is : probabilities of finding the electron in a given
region
h 1 h 1 h h 4) All the above
1) 2) 3) 4) 2m
2 2m 44. For an electron in a hydrogen atom, the wave
function is proportional to exp, where a0 is
Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
the Bohr’s radius. What is the ratio of the
37. The number of angular and radial nodes of 4d probability of finding the electron at the
orbital respectively are (EAM-2014) nucleus to the probability of finding it at a0 ?
1)3,1 2)1,2 3)3,0 4)2,1 1) e 2) e2 3) 1/e2 4) zero
38. The number of radial nodes of 3s and 2p 45. The electron density between 1s and 2s is
orbitals respectively are 1) High 2) Low
1)0,2 2)2,0 3)1,2 4)2,1 3) Zero 4) Abnormal
46. Which of the following statement(s) is/are 3) A subshell in an atom can be designated with
correct about angular nodes two quantum numbers n and l.
1) They are independent from the radial wave 4) The maximum value of l is equal to n - 1 and that
function of m is l .
2) They are directional in nature 55. Which of the following sets of quantum
3) The number of angular nodes of orbital is equal numbers represents the highest energy of
to azimuthal quantum number. an atom?
4) All are correct 1) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1, s = + 1/2
2) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1, s = + 1/2
Quantum Numbers 3) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = + 1/2
47. The quantum number l and the number of 4) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = + 1/2
electrons (n) in the sub level are related by 56. In an atom the order of increasing energy of
1) n = 2l + l 2) l = 2n + l elelctrons with quantum numbers
3) n = 4l + 2 4) n 2 l 2 (EAM- 2014) (AIEEE 2012 )
48. The set of quantum numbers n=3, l=2, m1= 0 i)n=4, l 1 ii)n=4,l =0
1) Describes an electron in a 2s orbital
iii)n=3,l =2 iv)n=3,l =1 is
2) Is not allowed
3) Describes an electron in a 3p orbital 1)iii< i < iv < ii 2)ii < iv <i < iii
4) Describes one of the five orbitals of a similar 3) i < iii < ii < iv 4) iv < ii < iii <i
type 57. The angular wave function depends upon
49. The orbital having minimum ‘m’ value quantum numbers.
1) Spherical in shape 2) Dumbell in shape 1) n and l 2) l and m 3) l and s 4) m and s
3) Double dumbell in shape 4) Tetrahedral 58. The minimum angular momentum of an electron
50. An orbital made of four lobes can have the with the magnetic quantum numbers –1 , 0 , +1
following quantum numbers
1) n = 2, l = 2, m = 0 2) n = 3, l = 1, m = -2 3h h 2h 3h
1) 2) 3) 4)
3) n = 3, l = 2, m = 0 4) n = 3, l = 3, m = -3 2 2
51. Number of electrons of manganese with 59. The electrons occupying the same orbital have
magnetic quantum number value ‘0’ is the same values for all the quantum number
1) 1 2) 8 3) 12 4) 13 except for
52. The total number of m values for n=4 is 1) n 2) l 3) m 4) s
1) 8 2) 16 3) 12 4) 20 60. In order to designate an orbital in an atom the
53. Choose the incorrect statement : no. of quantum no. required
1) The shape of an atomic orbital depends upon 1) One 2) Two 3) Three 4) Four
the azimuthal quantum number 61. The max. number of electron that can be
2) The orientation of an atomic orbitals depend accomodated in all the orbitals for which l = 3 is
upon the magnetic quantum number 1) 2 2) 6 3) 10 4) 14
3) The energy of an electron in an atomic orbital of 62. During ionisation of copper atom, the quantum
multi-electron atom depends on principal quantum numbers of electron removed maybe
number. 1
1) n 4 l 1 s
4) The number of degenerate atomic orbitals of one 2
type depends on the value of azimuthal and magnetic
1
quantum numbers. 2) n 3 l 0 s
54. Which of the following statements on quantum 2
numbers is not correct? 1
3) n 4 l 0 s
1) Quantum numbers n, l, m and ms are needed to 2
describe an electron in an atom completely. 1
4) n 4 l 2 s
2) Quantum numbers n, l, m and s are obtained by 2
solving the Schrodinger wave equation.
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
Electronic Configurations Key - Level-I (C.W)
63. The rule that explains the reason for chromium 01) 4 02) 2 03) 3 04) 3 05) 3 06) 3
to have [Ar]3d5 4s1 configuration instead of
07) 4 08) 3 09) 2 10) 4 11) 4 12) 1
[Ar] 3d4s2?
1) Pauli's exclusion principle 2) Aufbau Principle 13) 3 14) 2 15) 3 16) 4 17) 4 18) 3
3) Hund's rule 4) Heisenberg principle 19) 3 20) 1 21) 4 22) 2 23) 2 24) 1
64. The orbital diagram in which the aufbau 25) 1 26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 1 30) 2
principle is violated is
31) 3 32) 4 33) 2 34) 3 35) 2 36) 3
2s 2p 2s 2p
37) 4 38) 2 39) 3 40) 1 41) 2 42) 1
1) 2)
43) 3 44) 4 45) 3 46) 4 47) 3 48) 4
2s 2p 2s 2p
49) 3 50) 3 51) 4 52) 2 53) 3 54) 2
3) 4)
55) 2 56) 4 57) 2 58) 2 59) 4 60) 3
65. The electronic configuration of an element with 61) 4 62) 3 63) 3 64) 2 65) 1 66) 1
atomic number 64 is 67) 3 68) 3 69) 4 70) 2
1) 6 s 2 5d 1 4 f 7 2) 6s 2 5d 0 4 f 8
Hints - Level-I (C.W)
3) 6 s1 5d 0 4 f 7 4) 6s1 5d 2 4 f 7 1. q = ne
66. How many 'd' electrons are present in Cr2+ ion ?
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 3 magnitudeof ch arg e
67. Which of the following statements is 2. e/m value of ion mass number
incorrect ?
4. N3
1) Extra stability of half filled and completely filled
orbitals among s and p block elements is reflected 5. Neutral atom and ions will have different no.of elec-
in trends of IE across a period. trons.
2) Extra stability of half filled and completely filled 6. No.of electrons = atomic no ch arg e
orbitals among s and p block elements is reflected 7. p n mass
in E.A. trends across a period. Initial 12 12 24
3) Aufbau principle is incorrect for cases where Final 12 6 18
energy difference between ns and (n – 1)d subshell
6 100
is larger =25% reduced.
4) Extra stability to half filled subshell is due to higher
24
exchange energies. 8.
U .V visible I . R micro

68. The ion that is most stable E

1) Fe+ 2) Fe2+ 3) Fe3+ 4) Fe4+ hc E

69. Which has the same number of s-electrons as 9. E 11. E Nhc ; N
hc
the d-electrons in Fe2+ ?
1) Li 2) Na 3) N 4) P W
12. W h 0 ; 0
70. Which of the following statements are incorrect h
I) There are five unpaired electrons in 13. h W K .E ; W h K .E
Fe+3(z=26)
15. Lower orbit to higher orbit
II) Fe+3, Mn+ and Cr all having 24 electrons
have same value of magnetic moment 1
III) Copper (I) chloride is coloured salt 16. 19. It has no electron
n
IV) Every coloured ion is paramagnetic
1) I & II 2) II & III 3) III & IV 4) I & IV 1
20.
n
 2 2
mZ 2e 4 55. Higher ( n l ) indicates higher energy
22. R , R m 56. The order of increase of energy can be calculated
Ch3
from (n+l ) rule. If two orbitals have same value of
nh v1
23. mvr 24. V n (n+l ) , the orbital with lower value of n will be
2 n
filled first.
25. E2 E1 10.2ev ,so electron is excited to second 61. no.of electrons 4l 2
n( n 1) 68. Half filled d-orbital is stable
orbit ,therefore no.of spectral lines
2
1 Level-I (H.W)
28. V
n
Sub Atomic Particles
nh
29. mvr , b/n two successive orbits n2 n1 = 1 1. An oil drop has 6.39 10 19 charge. What will
2
be the number of electrons in this drop?
h 1
33. ; 1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 16
mv m 2. Charge of one mole of alpha particle is
h 1 1) + 2 units 2) +1 units
34. ; 3) + 2 faraday 4) + 2 coulombs
2meV eV
3. The ratio of e/m of proton and - particle is
35. V 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 1 : 1 4) 1 : 3
h Atomic Number & Mass Number
mV 4. Charge of the species with 17 protons, 18
h neutrons and 18 electrons is
1) + 1 2) - 1 3) - 2 4) None
m 76
5. An isotone of Ge is:
32
2 h h 77 77
a) 32 Ge b) 33 As c) 3477 Se d) 3478 Se
m m
1) Only a and b 2) Only b and d
h 3) Only b and c 4) b, c and d.
36. x. p
4 6. The number of neutrons present in the
h deuterium isotope of hydrogen is
x2 1) 2 2) 3 3) 5 4) 1
4
Electromagnetic Radiation
h 7. Identify the incorrectly matched set from the
x
4 following
h list I list II
v 1) Wavelength Nanometers
4 .m. x
2) Frequency Hertz
1 h 3) Wavenumber m–1
v 4) Velocity ergs
2m
8. If 1 a n d 2 a re t h e w a v e le n g t h o f
37. No.of angular nodes = l =2 characteristic X-rays and gamma rays
No.of radial nodes n l 1 = 4 2 1 1 respectively, then the relation between
38. No.of spherical/radial nodes = n-l -1 them is
for s = orbital, l =0.
1
40. No.of peaks= n l 1) 1 2) 1 2
2
51. 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 6 3s 2 4 s 2 3d 5 in each sub energy level one
orbital is with m = 0 3) 1 2 4) 1 2
 Planck’s Quantum Theory and 17. The electronic transition that emits maximum
Photo Electric Effect energy is [n = represents orbit]
1) n5 n4 2) n4 n3
9. The characteristic not associated with Planck’s
3) n2 n1 4) n3 n2
theory is :
1) Radiations are associated with energy Bohr’s Atomic Model
2) The magnitude of energy associated with a 18. With increasing atomic number of a single
quantum is proportional to frequency electron species, the energy difference
3) Radiation energy is neither emitted nor absorbed between two orbits
continuously.
1) Increases 2) Decreases
4) Radiation energy is neither emitted nor absorbed
3) Remains constant
discontinuously
4) First increases followed by a decrease
10. Ultraviolet light of 6.2 eV falls on Caesium sur-
19. The ratio of the radius of the Bohr orbit for
face (work function = 1.2 eV). The kinetic en- the electron orbiting the hydrogen nucleus that
ergy (in electron volts) of the fastest electron of the electron orbiting the deuterium nucleus
emitted is approximately is approximately
1) 1:1 2) 1 : 2 3) 2 : 1 4) 1 : 4
1) 5 eV 2) 4 eV 3) 3 eV 4) 2 eV
20. Which of the following curves may represent
11. Visible light photons do not show Compton the radius of orbit (rn) in a H-atoms as a func-
effect because they tion of principal quantum number (n)
1) Move very slowly 2) Have no momentum
slope = 0.53Å slope = 0.53Å
3) Have very less mass 4) Have larger
wavelength 1) r 2) r
n n
12. As the frequency of the light increases, the
momentum of its Photon 2
n n
1) Increases 2) Decreases
3) Remains same 4) Cannot be predicted
H-Spectrum 3) rn 4) None of these
13. The line spectra of two elements are not
identical because : 2
1) The elements do not have the same number of n
neutrons 21. How much energy is required to ionise a H
2) They have different mass numbers atom if the electron occupies n = 5 orbit?
3) Their outermost electrons are at different energy 1) 5.44 ev 2) 10.8 ev
levels 3) 0.544 ev 4) 1.08 ev
4) All of the above. 22. If the speed of electron in the Bohr’s first orbit
14. Among the first lines of Lyman, Balmer, of hydrogen in x, the speed in the third orbit is
Paschen and Brackett series in hydrogen 1) x/9 2) x/3 3) 3x 4) 9x
atomic spectra which has higher energy? de-Broglie’s & Heisenberg’s
1) Lyman 2) Balmer 23. If moving with equal speeds, the longest
3) Paschen 4) Brackett wavelength of the following matter waves is
15. When the atomic electron is at infinite distance that for a (an)
from the nucleus, its energy is 1) Electron 2) -particle
1) infinity 2) zero 3) negative 4) positive 3) Proton 4) Neutron
16. The wave number of the H - line in Balmer 24. The momentum of radiation of wavelength 0.33
series of hydrogen spectrum is nm is ……. kgm sec–1
1) 5R / 36 2) 3R / 16 1) 2 10–24 2) 2 10–12
3) 21R / 100 4) 3R / 4 3) 2 10–6 4) 2 10–48
 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom Quantum Numbers
25. Which of the following statements is not 31. What is the full degeneracy of the n 3 state
correct? of a H-atom in the absence of a magnetic field?
1) The wave function depicting the dependence on 1) 4 2) 10 3) 8 4) 18
r involves two quantum numbers n and l. 32. For the azimuthal quantum number ‘l’ the
2) The wave function depicting the angular dependence total number of magnetic quantum numbers
involves two quantum numbers l and m. is given by
3) The spin quantum number is not the outcome of ( m 1) m 1
the Schrodinger equation. 1) l 2) l
2 2
4) The lowest energy state of an atom corresponds
to n = 0 2m 1 2m 1
3) l 4) l
26. In a main energy level, the orbital with more 2 2
number of nodal planes will be ...... 33. How many sets of four quantum numbers are
1) Higher energy 2) Lower energy possible for electrons present in He2- anion
3) Either 1 or 2 4) Neither 1 nor 2 1) 2 2) 4 3) 5 4) 7
34. The set of quantum numbers n = 2, l = 2,
27. Choose the correct statement among the
m1 = 0
following :
1) Describes an electron in a 2s orbital
1) 2
represents the atomic orbital 2) Describes one of the five orbitals of a similar type
2) The number of peaks in radial distribution is n-1 3) Describes an electron in a 2p orbital
3) A node is a point in space around nucleus where 4) Is not allowed.
the wave function has zero value 35. The sub-energy level which can accommodate
maximum number of electrons with parallel
4) All of the these
spin values is
28. The maximum probability of finding electron
1) 4p 2) 6s 3) 3d 4) 6p
in the dxy orbital is
36. The azimuthal quantum number and the
1) Along with x - axis 2) Along the y - axis principal quantum number of the 17th
0
3) At an angle of 45 from the X and Y axis electron are
4) At an angle of 900 from the x and y axis 1) l = 1, n = 3 2) l = 3, n = 2
29. Which of the following statements regarding 3) l = 1, n = 17 4) l = 2, n = 1
an orbital are correct 37. The lowest orbital in which an electron with
1) An orbital is a definite trajectory around the Azimuthal quantum no. value 3 is
nucleus in which electron can move 1) 4 2) 5 3) 1 4) 6
2) An orbital always has spherical trajectory 38. The quantum numbers n = 3, l = 1, m = + 1
3) An orbital is the region around the nucleus where and s = +1/2 represent the unpaired
there is a 90 – 95% probability of finding all the electron present in
electrons of an atom 1) Sodium atom 2) Aluminium atom
4) An orbital is characterized by 3 quantum numbers 3) Fluorine atom 4) Potassium atom
n, l and m 39. The magnetic quantum number m for the
30. Which of the following statements on the outermost electron in the Na atom,is
atomic wave function is not correct? 1)0 2)2 3)3 4)1
1) may be a real valued wave function 40. Which of the following quantum numbers
2) may be in some cases be a complex function is correct for an electron in 4f-orbital
3) has a mathematical significance only 1) n = 4, l = 3, m = +1, s = +1/2
4) is proportional to the probability of finding an 2) n = 4, l = 3, m = +4, s = +1/2
electron 3) n = 4, l = 4, m = +1, s = +1/2
4) n = 4, l = 2, m = –2, s = +1/2
 Electronic Configurations 3) The principal quantum number (n) indicates
41. Which of the following arrangements of elec- the shape of the orbital
trons is most likely to be stable? 4) The electronic configuration of phosphorous is
given by [Ne] 3s2 3p1x 3p1y 3p1z
3d 4s 50. Which of the following has maximum number
1) of unpaired electrons ?
1) Zn 2) Fe2+ 3) Ni3+ 4) Cu+
2) 51. The successive elements belonging to the
3d-series have the same number of electrons
3) in the d-sub-shell. The elements are
1) Ti & V 2) V & C
4) 3) Cr & Mn 4) Mn & F
52. The electronic configuration in the valence
42. Aufbau principle fails to explain the 3s 3p
configuration of element with atomic number shell of silicon is . The rule
1) 18 2) 21 3) 24 4) 27 violated is
43. Total number of electrons in any energy level 1) Auf-bau principle 2) Pauli’s rule
is 3) Hund’s rule 4) All
l n 1 l n
53. In potassium, the order of energy levels is
1) 2 2l 1 2) 2 2l 1
l 0 l 0
1) 3s > 3d 2) 4s < 3d
l n 1 l n 1
3) 4s > 4p 4) 4s = 3d
3) 2 2l 1 4) 2 2l 1
l 0 l 1
Key-Level–I (H.W)
44. The atomic number at which filling of a g- 01) 2 02) 3 03) 1 04) 2 05) 2 06) 4
orbital is likely to begin is : 07) 4 08) 3 09) 4 10) 1 11) 4 12) 1
1) 121 2) 116 3) 106 4) 124 13) 3 14) 1 15) 2 16) 1 17) 3 18) 1
45. n and l values of an orbital A are 3 and 2 and 19) 1 20) 2 21) 3 22) 2 23) 1 24) 1
another orbital B are 5 and 0. The energy of
25) 4 26) 1 27) 4 28) 3 29) 3 30) 4
1) B is more than A 2) A is more than B
3) A and B are same 4) A is four times than B 31) 4 32) 2 33) 2 34) 4 35) 3 36) 1
46. Number of unpaired electrons of neutral 37) 1 38) 2 39) 1 40) 1 41) 3 42) 3
manganese atom and its divalent ion are in 43) 1 44) 1 45) 1 46) 1 47) 1 48) 1
the ratio (the atomic number of manganese is 49) 4 50) 2 51) 3 52) 3 53) 2
25 and it loses two electrons to form the
divalent ion) Hints - Level–I (H.W)
1) 1 : 1 2) 25 : 23 3) 5 : 3 4) 3 : 5 1. q = ne
47. Which of the following electrons is most tightly 2. 1 mole of positive charge = 1F
bound by the nucleus 3. specific charge = e/m
1) 4p 2) 5s 3) 4d 4) 5d 4. 1 electron is more
2 2 6 2 6 5
48. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d is not the electron 10. K.E = E-W
configuration of 2
1) Mn3+ 2) Fe3+ 3) Cr+ 4) Co4+ 2 mZ 2e 4
15. En ; if n then E 0
49. Which one of the following statements is n2h2
correct? 1 1 1
16. R[ ]
1) 2's' orbital is spherical with two nodal planes n12 n22
2) The de Broglie wavelength ( ) of a particle of 17. The energy difference b/n first and second orbits is
mass 'm' and velocity 'V' is equal to mV/h more.
 1 1
18. E RhC Z2
n12 n22

E Z2
n2 n2
19. r 20. r
z z
13.6 2 V1
21. En I .E z 22. Vn
n2 n
1 h
23. 24. p
m
25. n=0 is not possible.
26. The orbital with more no.of nodal planes will have
more energy.
32. m 2l 1
33. no.of sets = no.of electrons
35. 3d has 5 parallel spin values.
45. If n l is same, small n value indicate lower
energy level
 8. The energy per quantum associated with light
Level–II (C.W) of wave length 250 10–9 m is
Atomic Models Atomic Number & 1) 7.95 10-19 J 2) 7.95 10 -26 J
Mass Number 3) 3.93 10 -26 J 4) 3.93 10-19 J
1. The e/m ratio of cathode rays is x unit, when 9. What is the energy of photons that corresponds
hydrogen is filled in the discharge tube. What to a wave number of 2.5× 10-5 cm -1
will be its value when deuterium (D2) is filled
in it? 1) 2.5 10 20
erg 2) 5.1 10 23
erg
1) x unit 2) x/2 unit 3) 2x unit 4) x/4 unit
3) 4.97 10 21erg 4) 8.5 10 2 erg
2. –particles are projected towards the
following metals, with the same kinetic Planck’s Quantum Theory & Photo
e n e rg y. To w a rd s w h i c h m e t a l , t h e Electric Effect
distance of closest approach is minimum? 10. Nitrogen laser produces a radiation at a
1) Cu Z 29 2) Ag Z 47 wavelength of 337.1 nm. If the number of
photons emitted is 5.6 1024 . Calculate the
3) Au Z 79 4) Ca Z 20 power of this laser
3. Which of the following nuclear reactions will 1) 3.33 106 J 2) 3.33 105 J
generate an isotope
3) 1.56 106 J 4) 15.6 108 J
1)Neutron particle emission 2) Positron emission
11. The ratio of energies of photons with
3) particle emission 4) particle emission wavelengths 2000A0 and 4000A0 is
4. Chlorine exists in two forms, Cl – 37 and 1) 1/4 2) 4 3) 1/2 4) 2
Cl – 35 but its atomic mass is 35.5. This 12. An Electro magnetic radiation of wavelength
indicates the ratio of Cl – 37 and Cl – 35 242nm is just sufficient to ionise a sodium atom.
is approximately. Calculate the ionisation energy of sodium in
1) 1:2 2) 1:1 3) 1:3 4) 3:1 kJ/mol?
5. The mass numbers of three isotopes of an 1) 494.5 2) 594.5 3) 694.5 4) 794.5
element are 10,12,14 units.Thier percentage
13. When a metal is irradiated with light of
abundance is 80,15, and5 respectively.What is
frequency 4.0 ×1016 s -1 the photo electrons
the atomic weight of the element?
emitted had six times the K.E as the K.E
1)10.5 2)11.5 3)12.5 4)13.5 of photo electron emitted when the metal
6. An ion with mass number 56 contains 3 units was irradiated with light of frequency
of positive charge and 30.4% more neutrons 2.0 × 1016 s -1 . The calculate the critical
than electrons. Assign the symbol to this ion frequency of the metal.
55
1) 26 Fe3 2) 57
26 Fe3 3) 59
26 Fe
3
4) 56
26 Fe3
1) 2.0 1016 s 1 2)1.6 1016 s 1
Electromagnetic Radiation 3) 3.0 1016 s 1 4) 4.2 1016 s 1
14. In photo electric effect,if the energy required
7. The frequency of a wave light is 1.0×106 sec–1.
to over come the attractive forces on the
The wave length for this wave is electron(work function) of Li, Na and Rb are
1) 3 10 4 cm 2) 3 10 4 cm 2.41eV, 2.3eV and 2.09eV respectively, the
work function of “K” could approximately be
3) 6 104 cm 4) 6 106 cm in eV (EAM 2012)
1) 2.52 2) 2.2 3) 2.35 4) 2.01
 H-Spectrum 21. Which of the following relationship is correct
15. The ratio of highest possible wavelength 1 1
to lowest possible wavelength of Lyman 1) E1 of H E2 of He E3 of
2 3
series is
1) 4/3 2) 9/8 3) 27/5 4) 16/5 2 1 3
Li of E4 of Be
16. If the wave number of the first line in the Balmer 4
series of hydrogen atom is 15000 cm–1, the 2) E1 of H E2 of He + E3 of
wave number of the first line of the Balmer
series of Li2+ is Li +2 E4 of Be +3

1) 1.35 105 cm 1
2) 1.66 109 cm 1 3) E1 of H 2 E2 of He 3E3
2 3
3) 13.5 105 cm 1 4) 1.43 104 cm 1 of Li 4 E4 of Be

17. What is the lowest energy of the spectral 2 4

4) E1 of H E2 of He E3
line emitted by the hydrogen atom in the 3 3
Lyman series? (h=Planck’s constant; 5 2
C=Velocity of light; R=Rydberg constant). of Li E4 of Be 3
4
5hcR 4hcR 3hcR 7hcR 22. What is the wavelength of a photon emitted
1) 2) 3) 4) during a transition from n = 5 state to the
36 3 4 144
n = 2 state in the hydrogen atom
18. The ionization energy of H atom is x kJ. The
1) 434nm 2) 234nm 3) 476nm 4) 244nm
energy required for the electron to jump from
23. Which one of the following transitions of an
n = 2 to n =3 will be :
electrons in hydrogen atom emits radiation of
1) 5x 2) 36x/5 3) 5x/36 4) 9x/4
the lowest wavelength (EAM 2010)
19. When the electron of 5th orbit jumps into the
first orbit, the number of spectral lines 1) n2 to n1 2 2) n2 4 to n1 3
produced in hydrogen spectrum is 3) n2 2 to n1 1 4) n2 5 to n1 3
1) 5 2) 10 3) 20 4) 1
20. The Ratio of mth to nth wavelength of Lyman
series in H-spectrum is equal to Bohr’s Atomic Model
m2 1 n2 n 2 1 m 2 24. The velocity of electron in first orbit of H-atom
m m as compared to the velocity of light is :
1) n 2
1 m 2 2) m 2
1 n 2
n n
1 1 1
1) th 2) th 3) th 4) Same
2 2 10 100 1000
m 1 n 1 1
3)
m
2 2
25. In a collection of H-atoms, all the electrons
n n 1 m 1 1 jump from n = 5 to ground level finally ( directly
2 2
or indirectly), without emitting any line in
m
n 1 m 1 1 Balmer series. The number of possible
4) 2 2 different radiations is
n m 1 n 1 1
1) 10 2) 8 3) 7 4) 6
26. What is likely to be principal quantum number 34. Calculate the wavelength (in nm) associated
for a circular orbit of diameter 20.6 nm of the with a proton moving at 1.0×10 3 m / s . The
hydrogen atom. If we assume Bohr orbit to be
the same as that represented by the principal mass of proton is 1.67 × 10 -27 kg and h is
quantum number? 6.63 × 10 -34 Js (Aieee2009)
1) 10 2) 14 3) 12 4)16 1)0.032 nm 2) 2.5 nm 3) 14.0 nm 4) 0.4 nm
27. If the radius of the first Bohr orbit of Hydrogen 35. The de-Broglie wavelength for a proton with a
atom is ‘x’, then the de-Broglie wavelength of velocity 15% of the speed of light is :
electron in third orbit is nearly.
1) 2 x 2) 6 x 3) 9x 4) x/3 1) 8.8 10 12 m 2) 8.8 10 15 cm
28. A single electron in an ion has ionization energy 3) 8.8 10 15 m 4) 4.4 10 15 cm
equal to 217.6eV. What is the total number of 36. The velocities of two particles A and B are 0.05
neutrons present in one ion of it? and 0.02m/s respectively. The mass of B is five
1) 2 2) 4 3) 5 4) 9 times the mass of A. The ratio of their
29. The ionisation energy for the Hydrogen atom
de-Broglies wavelength is (EAM 2008)
in the ground state is 2.18 ×10 -18 Jatom -1 . The
energy required for the following process 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 4 3) 1 : 1 4) 4 : 1
37. The mass of an electron is m, its charge e and
He g He2 g e is
it is accelerated from rest through a potential
1) 8.72 10 Jatom 2) 8.72 10 Jatom
18 1 19 1
difference V. The velocity of electron will be
3) 4.35 10 Jatom 4) 2.62 10 Jatom
18 1 19 1 calculated by formula :
30. If the diameter of carbon atom is 0.15nm , the 1) V / m 2) eV / m
number of carbon atoms which can be placed
side by side is a straight line across length of 3) 2eV / m 4) None of these
20 cm is 38. The uncertainity in the positions of an electron
1) 13.3 109 2) 1.33 109 and proton is equal, the ratio of the uncertainities
3) 6.2 109 4) 1.33 107 in the velocity of an electron and proton is
31. An electronic transition in hydrogen atom 1) 103 :1 2) 1:1836 3) 3672:1 4) 1836:1
results in the formation of H line of hydrogen
in lyman series the energies associated with 39. A ball of mass 200 gm is moving with velocity
-1 . If the error in measurement of
the electrons in each of the orbits involved in of 10 m.s
velocity is 0.1%, the uncertainity in its
the transition(in kal/mol) are (EAM 08) position is
1) 313.6, 34.84 2) 313.6, 78.4 1) 3.3. 10-31 m 2) 3.3 10-27 m
3) 78.4, 34.84 4) 78.4, 19.6 3) 5.3 10-25 m 4) 2.64 10-32 m
32. The wavelength of a spectral line emitted by 40. The kinetic energy of an electron accelerated
hydrogen atom in the lyman series is 16/5R from rest through a potential difference of 5V
will be
cm. What is the value of n2
1) 5J 2) 5erg
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4)1
3)5eV 4) 8 10 10 eV
de-Broglie’s & Heisenberg’s
33. If Ee , E , and E p represents the kinetic Quantum Mechanics & Numbues
energies of an electron alpha particle and a 41. Which one of the following conditions is
proton respectively, each moving with same incorrect for a well behaved wave function ( )
deBroglie wavelength then :
(EAM 2010)
1) Ee E Ep 2) Ee E Ep 1) must be finite 2) must be single valued
3) E EP Ee 4) Ee EP En 3) must be infinite 4) must be continuous
42. The spin magnetic momentum of electrons in 52. Which one of the following sets correctly
an ion is 4.84 BM. Its total spin will be represents the in case in the paramagnetic
h property of the ions. (EAM 2008)
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4) 2.5 1) Cu 2 2 2 2
4 V Cr Mn
43. The maximum number of sub levels,orbitals 2) Cu 2
Cr 2
V 2
Mn 2

and electrons in N shell of an atom are 3) Cu 2

V 2
Cr 2
Mn 2

respectively 4) V 2 2 2 2
Cu Cr Mn
1) 4, 12, 32 2) 4, 16, 30
3) 4, 16, 32 4) 4, 32, 64 Key Level–II (C.W)
44. In multi electron atom, which of the following 01) 1 02) 4 03) 1 04) 3 05) 1 06) 4
orbitals described by the three quantum 07) 1 08) 1 09) 3 10) 1 11) 4 12) 1
numbers will have the same energy in the 13) 2 14) 2 15) 1 16) 1 17) 3 18) 3
absence of magnetic and electric fields. 19) 2 20) 2 21) 2 22) 1 23) 3 24) 2
a) n = 1, l = 0, m = 0 b) n = 2, l = 0, m = 0
25) 4 26) 2 27) 2 28) 3 29) 1 30) 2
c) n = 2, l = 1, m = 1 d) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1
e) n = 3, l = 2, m = 0 31) 2 32) 3 33) 3 34) 4 35) 3 36) 1
1) a & c 2) b & c 3) c & d 4) d & e 37) 3 38) 4 39) 4 40) 3 41) 3 42) 2
45. The values of four quantum numbers of valence 43) 3 44) 4 45) 1 46) 1 47) 1 48) 2
electron of an element X is n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, 49) 3 50) 4 51) 3 52) 3
s = 1/2 The element is
1) K 2) Ti 3) Na 4) Sc Hints Level–II (C.W)
K L M N 1. e/m value of cathode rays independent on the nature
46. Given 2 8 11 2 of gas
The number of electrons present in l 2 is 3. Isotopes are species are having same number of
1) 3 2) 6 3) 5 4) 4 protons but different number of neutrons
47. Sum of electronic spins of all electrons with %abundance Atomicweight
the configuration 3d7 is 4. Avg.at.wt
Totalratio
1) + 3/2 2) + 5/2 3) + 7/2 4) 9/2
48. Which one of the following pairs of ions have %abundance Atomicweight
the same electronic configuration? 5. Avg.at.wt
Totalratio
1) Cr+3, Fe+3 2) Fe+3, Mn+2
+3
3) Fe , CO +3 4) Sc+3, Cr+3 6. Let the number of electrons in A 3 x
49. An impossible set of four quantum number of 56 = x+3+1.304x
an electron is (AIEEE-2009) c hC
7. 8. E
1) n = 4, l = 2, m = -2, s = + 1/2
2) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = +1/2
Nhc
3) n = 3, l = 2, m = -3, s = + 1/2 9. E hc 10. E
4) n = 5, l = 3, m = 0, s = - 1/2
Electronic Configurations E1 2
11. E
50. How many electrons are present in the M-shell 2 1
of an atom of the element with atomic number
Z=24? (E-2000) hc
12. E
1) 5 2) 6 3) 12 4) 13
51. The atomic numbers of elements X,Y and Z E NA
are 19, 21 and 25 respectively. The number
of electrons present in the M shells of these K .E2 2 0
elements follow the order. 13. K .E
1 1 0
1) Z>X>Y 2) X>Y>Z 3) Z>Y>X 4)Y>Z>X
14. As the size of atom increases, energy required to 28. Ionization energy
over come the attractive forces on the outer most
electron decreases. Z2
217.6 13.6 2 ; Z 4m
1
hc 1 1 1
15. E ; R[ 2
n1 n22
]
So, it is 94 Be3 ; no. of neutrons 9 - 4 = 5

16. H z2 z2
29. IE IE
z H
n2
1 1
17. E Rhc 30. No. of carbon items that can be placed in a straight
n12 n22
length
18. Eionisation E1 line =
diameter
E1 x 313.52 2

x 31. En 2
Z
E2 n
4
1 1 1 15R 1 1
x 32. R[ ] R[ 2 ]
E3 n12 n22 16 1 n22
9
x x h
E 33.
9 4 2mkE
x x 5x
= = h h
4 9 36 34. 35.
mv mv
n n 1
19. Number of spectral lines = h A mB .vB
2 36. ;
mv mA .v A
1 1 1 Z2
B

20. R[ ] 21. E
n12 n22 n2 1 2
37. mv ev
1 1 1 2
22. R[ 2 ]
n1 n22 xe .me . ve
23. For any series the first line have lowest wave length 38. 1
x p .m p . vp
and highest energy
24. C 3 1010 cm / sec; ve mp
8
V 2.18 10 cm / sec; vp me

5 h
39. x.m. v
4 4
25. 3 h
x
1
4 .m. v
diameter 1 2
26. rn 0.529 n 2 A0 ; diameter = 2r ; r 40. mv e.v
2 2
27. rn n 2 r1 ; 2eV
V2
nh m
mvn rn
2 2eV
h V
m
mvn
42. 4S S 1 8. Suppose 10 17 J of energy is needed by the
43. no.of sub shell = n,no.of orbitals n 2 , interior of human eye to see an object. How
no.of electrons 2n 2 many photons of green light ( =550nm) are
44. Same (n+l) value indicates same energy level. needed to generate this minimum amount of
energy?
1 1 1) 14 2) 28 3) 39 4) 42
47. sum of spin quantum no = 5 2
9. The ratio of the energies of two different
2 2
radiations whose frequencies are 3 x 1014 Hz
52. paramagnetic property depends upon the number
of unpaired electrons ,higher the no.of unpaired and 5 x 1014 Hz is
electrons , higher the paramagnetic property. 1) 3 : 5 2) 5 : 3 3) 3 : 1 4) 5 : 1
10. Which one of the following frequency of
Level–II (H.W) radiation(in Hz) has a wavelength of 600nm
(EAM 2011)
Atomic Models & Electromagnetic
1) 2 1013 2) 5 1016 3) 2 1014 4) 5 1014
Radiation
1. Which has highest specific charge? Plank’s Quantum Theory and Photo
1) Na (A =23) 2) Mg 2 (A=24) Electric Effect
11. In photoelectric effect, the energy of the photon
3) Al 3 (A =27) 4) Si 4 (A =28) striking a metallic surface is 5.6 × 10–19 J. The
2. -particles are projected towards the following kinetic energy of the ejected electrons is
metals, with the same kinetic energy. Towards 12.0 × 10–20J. The work function is :
which metal, the distance of closest approach is 19 19
minimum? 1) 6.4 10 J 2) 6.8 10 J
19 20
1) Zn( z 30) 2) Cd ( Z 48) 3) 4.4 10 J 4) 6.4 10 J
12. An Electro magnetic radiation of wavelength
3) Hg (Z 80) 4) Al (Z 13)
484nm is just sufficient to ionise a sodium
3. The mass numbers of three isotopes of an atom.Calculate the ionisation energy of sodium
element are 11,12,13 units.Thier percentage in kJ/mol approximately?
abundance is 80, 15, and 5 respectively.What 1) 494.5 2) 246.9 3) 989.0 4) 794.5
is the atomic wieght of the element? H-Spectrum
1)10.25 2)11.25 3)12.25 4)13.25 13. Which of the following lines will have a wave
4. Boron has two istopes B10 & B11 whose relative no. equal in magnitude to the value of R in the
abudances are 20% & 80% respectively H - Spectral series
avg.atomic wieght of Boron is? 1) Limiting line of Balmer series
1)10 2)11 3)10.5 4)10.8 2) Limiting line of Lyman series
5. If the wavelength of green light is about 3) First line of Lyman series
5000A0, then the frequency of its wave is 4) First line of Balmer series
1) 16 1014 sec 1 2) 16 10 14 sec 1 14. The wave number of first line in Balmer series
3) 6 1014 sec 1 4) 6 10 14 sec 1 of Hydrogen is 15,200 cm-1 the wave number of
first line in Balmer series of Be 3+
6. The energy of photon of light having frequency
1) 2.43 10 5cm-1 2) 3.43 105cm-1
of 3 1015S–1 is
3) 4.43 10 5cm-1 4) 5.43 10 5cm-1
1) 1.99 10 18 J 2)1.99 10 17 J 15. What transition in the hydrogen spectrum
3) 1.99 10 17 ergs 4) 1.99 10 18 ergs would have the same wavelength as the
7. What is the energy of photons that corresponds Balmer transition n = 4 to n = 2 of He +
to a wave number of 5 10–5m–1 spectrum ?
1) 99.384 10 30 J 2) 993.84 10 30 J 1) n1 = 1 ; n2 = 2 2) n1 = 2 , n2 = 3
3) n1 = 3 , n2 = 2 4) n1 = 2 , n2 = 4
3) 9.9384 10 30 J 4) 0.99384 10 30 J
16. The wave number for the longest wavelength 25. According to Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom
transition in the Balmer series of atomic 1) There is only fixed set of allowed orbitals for the
hydrogen is electron
1) 15.2 106 m 1 2) 13.6 106 m 1 2) The allowed orbitals of the electrons are elliptical
3) 1.5 106 m 1 4) 1.3 106 m 1 . in shape
17. The ionization potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6 3) The moment of an electron from one allowed
eV. The wavelength of the energy radiation toanother allowed orbital is forbidden
required for the ionization of H-atom 4) No light is emitted as long as the electron remains
1) 1911 nm 2) 912 nm 3) 68 nm 4)91.2 nm in an allowed orbital
18. A gas of mono atomic hydrogen is excited by 26. The ratio of radius of 2nd and 3rd Bohr orbit is
an energy of 12.75 eV/atom. Which spectral 1) 3 : 2 2) 9 : 4 3) 2 : 3 4) 4 : 9
lines of the following are formed in Lyman, 27. According to Bohr’s theory, which one of the
Balmer and Paschen series respectively. following values of angular momentum of
1) 3, 2, 1 2) 2, 3, 1 3) 1, 3, 2 4)1, 2, 3 hydrogen atom is not permitted. (EAM-11)
19. The wave length of the radiation emitted by
1.25h h 1.5h 0.5h
Hydrogen when compared to He+ ion is 1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 2 times that of He+ ion
2) 3 times that of He+ ion de-Broglie’s and Heisenberg’s
3) 4 times that of He+ ion 28. The mass of the electrons 9.8 10–28gram and
4) Same as He+ uncertainty in the velocity equal to 2 10–3cm/sec.
Bohr’s Atomic Model The uncertainty in the position of an electron is
20. The energy of the second Bohr orbit of (h=6.62 10–27ergsec)
hydrogen atom is - 3.41 eV. The energy of the
second orbit of He+ would be 1) 2.9 10 2 cm 2) 2.9 10 2 cm
1) – 0.85eV 2) –13.6eV 3) 2.9 10 12 cm 1 4) 2.9 10 12 cm 1
3) –1.70eV 4) -6.82eV
29. The velocity of an electron with de Broglie
21. If the diameter of carbon atom is 0.15nm , the
wavelength of 1.0 102 nm is :
number of carbon atoms which can be placed
side by side is a straight line across length of 1) 7.2 105 cm / sec 2) 72 105 cm / sec
10.0 cm is 3) 7.2 10 4 cm / sec 4) 3.6 105 cm / sec
1) 66.66 10 7 2) 66.66 108 30. The wave length of a electron with mass
3) 6.2 10 9 4) 1.33 10 7
9.1× 10 -31 kg and kinetic energy 3.0 × 10 -25 J is
22. The ionization energy of the ground state of 1) 89.67nm 2) 8.96nm
hydrogen atom is 2.18 10 18 J . The energy of 3) 456.7nm 4) 896.7nm
an electron in its second orbit would be 31. A cricket ball of 0.5 Kg is moving with a
1) 1.09 10 J 18
2) 2.18 10 J 18 velocity of 100m per sec. the wavelength
associated with its motion is
3) 4.36 10 18 J 4) 5.45 10 19 J
1) 1/100 m 2) 6.6 10 34 m
23. The velocity of an electron in the first Bohr
orbit of hydrogen atom is 2.19 106 ms 1 .Its 3) 1.32 10 35 m 4) 6.6 10 28 m
velocity in the second orbit would be 32. A microscope using suitable photons is employed
1) 1.10 106 ms 1 2) 4.38 106 ms 1 to locate an electron in an atom within a distance
of 0.1A0. What is the uncertainty involved in the
3) 5.5 10 ms
5 1
4) 8.76 10 ms
6 1
measurement of its velocity?
24. Energy of electron moving in the second orbit
1) 2.69 106 ms 1 2) 5.79 105 ms 1
of He+ion is
1) -13.6ev 2) -3.4 ev 3) 5.79 106 ms 1 4) 4.62 10 6 ms 1
3) -1.51 ev 4) -0.84 ev
33. The mass of photon with wave length 3.6A0 is 40. Which one of the following set of quantum
1) 6.135 10 33 kg 2) 6.135 10 27 kg numbers is not possible for a 4p electron?
1) n =4, l = 1, m = +1, ms = 12
3) 4.126 10 29 kg 4) 4.126 10 25 kg
34. If the velocity of electron in Bohr’s first orbit is 2) n =4, l = 1, m = 0, ms = 1
2

2.19 × 10 6 ms -1 . The de-Broglie’s wavelength is 3) n = 4, l = 1, m = 2, ms = 1

2
1) 332 pm 2) 313 pm 3) 3.32 pm 4)3.13 pm 4) n = 4, l = 1, m = -1, ms = 12
35. Uncertainity in position of a particle of 25 gram
41. The total number of electrons present in all
in space is 10–5 m. Hence uncertainity in
the s orbitals, all the P orbitals and all the d
velocity (m/sec) is ( h = 6.6 ×10 -34 J - sec ) orbitals of cesium ion are respectively.
1) 2.1 10 28
2) 2.1 10 34 1) 6, 26, 10 2) 10,24,20
3) 8, 22, 24 4) 12, 20, 23
3) 0.5 10 34 4) 5 10 24 42. The quantum numbers + 1/2 and - 1/2 for the
36. An electron, a proton and an alpha particle electron spin represent
have K.E. of 16E, 4E and E respectively. What 1) rotation of electron in clockwise and anti
is the qualitative order of their de-Broglie clockwise direction respectively
wavelengths: 2) rotation of electron in anti-clockwise and
clockwise direction respectively
1) e p 2) p e 3) magnetic moment of the electron pointing up and
down respectively
3) p c 4) e p 4) two quantum mechanical spin states which have
37. The wavelengths of electron waves in two no classical analogue
orbits is 3 : 5. The ratio of kinetic energy of 43. The correct set of quantum numbers for the
electrons will be (EAM 2009) unpaired electron of Chlorine atom
1) 25:9 2)5:3 3)9:25 4)3:5 1) 2,0,0,+1/2 2) 2,1,-1,+1/2
Quantum Mechanics & Numbers 3) 3,0,0,+1/2 4) 3,1,-1, 1/2
38. The probability density plots of 1s and 2s 44. The quantum number which explain the line
orbitals are given in figure spectra observed as doublets in case of hydrogen
and alkali metals and doublets & triplets in case
of alkaline earth metals is
(EAM 2012)
1) Spin 2) Azimuthal 3) Magnetic 4) Principle
1s 2s Electronic Configurations
The density of dots in region represents the 45. An element has 2 electrons in K shell, 8
probability density of finding electrons in electrons in L shell, 13 electrons in M shell and
the region.On the basis of above diagram one electron in N shell. The element is
which of the following statements is incor- 1) Cr 2) Fe 3) V 4) Ti
rect? 46. A compound Vanadium has a magnetic moment
1) 1s and 2s orbitals are spherical in shape of 1.73BM. The electronic configuration of
2) The probability of finding the electron is Vanadium ion in the compound is______.
maximum near the nucleus. 1) [ Ar ]3d 2 2) [ Ar ]3d1 4s 0
3) The probability of finding the electron at a given
distance is equal in all directions. 3) [ Ar ]3d 3 4) [ Ar ]3d 0 4s1
4) The probability density of electrons for 2s 47. A transition metal 'X' has a configuration [Ar] 3d4
orbitals decreases uniformly as distance from in its +3 oxidation state, its atomic number is
the nucleus increases. 1) 25 2) 26 3) 22 4) 19
39. The maximum number of electrons with spin 48. Which one of the following ions has same
value +1/2 in the orbital with azimuthal quantum number of unpaired electrons as those present
number value l = 2 and magnetic quantum in V+3 ion. (Eam–2014)
number m = +2 is ....... 1) Fe 3 2) Ni 2 3) Mn 2 4) Cr 3
1) 5 2) 6 3) 3 4) 1
 21. No. of carbon items that can be placed in a straight
Key Level–II (H.W)
01) 4 02) 4 03) 2 04) 4 05) 3 06) 1 length
line =
07) 3 08) 2 09) 1 10) 4 11) 3 12) 2 diameter
13) 2 14) 1 15) 1 16) 3 17) 4 18) 1 E1 v1
19) 3 20) 2 21) 1 22) 4 23) 1 24) 1 22. En 23. vn
n2 n
25) 4 26) 4 27) 1 28) 1 29) 1 30) 4
13.6 r1 n12
31) 3 32) 3 33) 1 34) 1 35) 1 36) 1 24. En Z2 26.
n2 r2 n22
37) 1 38) 4 39) 4 40) 3 41) 2 42) 4
43) 4 44) 1 45) 1 46) 2 47) 1 48) 2 nh
27. mvr where n 1, 2,3...
Hints Level–II (H.W) 2
magnitude of ch arg e h h
1. e/m= 28. x.m. v 29.
mass number 4 mv

% abundance Atomicweight h h
3. Avg .at.wt 30 &36. 31.
Totalratio 2mkE mv
% abundance Atomicweight h h
4. Avg .at.wt 32. x.m. v 33 & 34.
Totalratio 4 mv
c
5. 6. E h h 1 KE2
35. x.m. v 37.
4 2 KE1
nhc
7. E hc 8. E
46. Magnetic moment = n(n 2) BM
E1 c
9.
1
10. Level – III
E2 2
Electromagnetic Radiation
11. E w0 K .E 1. Calculate the wavelength of photon having
hc energy 5 e.V.
12. E
1) 2.47 10 6 cm 2) 2.47 10 5 cm
E NA 3) 24.7 10 5 cm 4) 24.7 10 6 cm
2. The energy required to break one mole of
1 1
13. R[ 2 ] 14. Z2 Cl–Cl bonds in Cl2 is 242 kJmol–1. The longest
n1 n22 H
wavelength of light capable of breaking a single
Cl–Cl bond is
2 1 1 1 1 1) 594nm 2) 640nm 3) 700nm 4) 494nm
15. R Z R
n12 n22 n12 n22 3. A photon of 300 nm is absorbed by a gas and
then reemitted two photons. One of the remitted
1 1 1 hc photon has wavelength 496 nm, then the other
16. RH 17. E
n12 n22 photon has
18. E E4 E1 12.75ev / atom ,then the electron 1) 2.625 10 19
erg 2) 2.625 10 19
J
is excited to fourth orbit. 3) 2.625 J 4) 2.625Cal

E1 Z12 4. The time period of a light is 2.0 × 10 -10 s . The

1 2
19. Z 20. wavelength for this wave is
E2 Z 22
1) 0.06m 2) 6m 3) 0.03m 4) 0.3m
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
5. A 100 watt bulb emits monochromatic light Planck’s Quantum Theory &Photo
of wavelength 400nm. Calculate the number Electric Effect
of photons emitted per second by the bulb.
13. A gas absorbs photon of 355nm and emits at
1) 20.12 1020 S 1 2) 2.012 1020 S 1 two wavelength if one of the emission is at
3) 4.969 10 19 S 1 4) 49.69 10 19 S 1 680nm, the order is at
6. Neon gas emits at 616 nm. The distance 1)1035nm 2)325nm 3)743nm 4)518nm
travelled by this radiaton in 30 sec is. 14. The threshold frequency for a metal is
1) 9 107 m 2) 9 109 m
7.0 × 1014 S -1 . What is the kinetic energy of an
3) 4.5 109 m 4) 7 109 m electron emitted when radiation of frequency
7. A quantum of light having energy E has 1.0× 1015 S -1 hits the metal
wavelength equal to 7200A0. The frequency
17
of light which corresponds to energy equal 1) 1.988 10 J 2) 1.988 1019 J
to 3E, is 19
19
3) 3.988 10 J 4) 1.988 10 J
1) 1.25 1014 s 1
2) 1.25 1015 s 1

15. Iodine molecule dissociates into atoms after

3) 1.25 1013 s 1 4) 1.25 1014 s 1 absorbing light of 4500 0A. If one quantum
8. Bond dissociation energy of AB molecules is of radiation is absorbed by each molecule,
300 kJ/mole. The number of moles of photons calculate the kinetic energy of Iodine
of wavelength 6625A0 requires to dissociate atoms.(Bond ener gy of I 2 = 240 kJ mol-1 )
3 moles of AB molecules is 1) 2.16 10-20 J 2) 4.1 10-20J
1)1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 5 3) 3.12 10-14 J 4) 2.16 10-22 J
9. A certain dye absorbs light of = 4530A0 and 16. A photon of wavelength 4 ×10 -7 m strikes on
wavelength of fluoroscence light is 5080A0. metal surface, The work function of the metal
Assuming that under given condition 47% of is 2.13eV . The velocity of the photo electron is
the absorbed energy is reemited out as
1) 5.67 106 ms 1 2) 5.67 105 ms 1
fluoroscence the ratio of quanta emitted out
to the number of quanta absorbed. 3) 5.67 10 5 ms 1 4) 5.67 10 6 ms 1
1) 0.527 2) 1.5 3) 52.7 4) 3 17. When electromagnetic radiation of wavelength
10. A 25 watt bulb emits monochromatic yellow 300nm falls on the surface of sodium, electrons
light of wavelength of 0.57 m . Calculate the are emitted with a Kinetic energy of
rate of emission of quanta per second. 1.68 ×105 Jmol -1 . The maximum wave length
that will cause a photo electron to be emitted is
1) 7.16 10 19 2) 7.16 1019
1) 51.7nm 2) 517nm 3) 427nm 4) 62nm
3) 3.5 1015 4) 6.5 1019
18. Photo electric emission is observed from a surface
11. An electromagnetic radiation of wavelength for frequencies v1 and v2 the KE in two cases are
484nm is just sufficient to ionise a sodium atom. in ratio 1 : K, then the threshold frequency v0 is
Calculate the ionisation energy of sodium in
given by
kJ/mol?
1)246.9 2)594.5 3)694.5 4)794.5 v2 v1 Kv1 v2
12. If the radiation source has the duration of 2 1) 2)
K 1 K 1
nano seconds and the number of photons emit-
ted is 2.5 1015. The energy of the source is Kv2 v2 v2 v2
3) 4)
10 K 1 K
1) 8.282 1010 J 2) 4.141 10 J
10
3) 6.262 10 9 J 4) 8.282 10 J
19. Light of certain wavelength strikes on a metal spectrum.
surface with intensity x and the metal emits y 1) n2 = 3 to n1 = 2 ; E = 182.8 KJ
electrons per second of average energy, z. 2) n2 = 2 to n1 = 1 ; E = 155.8 KJ
What will happen to y and z if x is doubled? 3) n2 = 3 to n1 = 1 ; E = 180.8 KJ
1) y will be doubled and z will become half 4) n2 = 4 to n1 = 2 ; E = 182.5 KJ
2) y will remian same and z will be doubled 25. In Bohr series of lines of hydrogen spectrum,
3) Both y and z will be doubled the third line from the red end corresponds
4) y will be doubled but z will remain same to which one of the following inter-orbit jumps
20. Threshold frequency of metal is f0.When light of the electron for Bohr orbits is an atom of
of frequency = 2f 0 is incident on the metal hydrogen. [AIEEE-02]
plate, velocity of electron emitted in V1. When 1) 5 2 2) 4 1 3) 2 5 4) 3 2
a plate frequency of incident radiation is 5f0, 26. The energy difference between the states of
V 2 is velocity of emitted electron , then n = 2 and n = 3 is ‘E’ eV in Hydrogen atom.
V1:V2 is The ionization potential of H atom is
1) 1: 4 2) 1: 2 3) 2 :1 4) 4 :1 1) 3.2 E 2) 7.2 E 3) 5.6 E 4) 13.2 E
21. If 0 is the threshold wavelength for 27. In a certain electronic transition in the
photoelectric emission, the wavelength of hydrogen atom from an initial state (1) to a
light falling on the surface of a metal and m is final state (2), the difference in the orbital
the mass of the electron, then the velocity of radius (r1 –r2) is 24 times the first Bohr radius.
ejected electron is given by Identify the transition.
1) 5 1 2) 25 1 3) 8 3 4) 1 5
1/ 2 1/ 2
2h 2hc 28. I.E of He is 19.6 10 –18 J atom –1 . The
+
1) 2) 0 energy of the Ist stationary state (n=1) of
m m
Li +2 is (AIEEE–10)
1/ 2 1/ 2 –16 –1
2hc 0 2hc 1 1 1) 4.41 10 J atom
3) 4) 2) –4.41 10–17 J atom–1
m m
0 0
3) –2.2 10–15 J atom–1
22. The ejection of the photo electron from the silver 4) –8.83 10–17 J atom–1
metal in the photo electric effect experiment can 29. When a hydrogen atom emits a photon of
be stopped by applying the voltage of 0.35 vol. energy 12.1 eV, the orbital angular momentum
When the radiation 256.7 nm is used. The work changes by
function for silver metal is h 3h h 2h
1) 4.48 ev 2) 3.35 ev 3) 44.8 ev 4) 22.4 ev 1) 2) 3) 4)
2 2
H-Spectrum Bohr’s Atomic Model
23. 1.8 gm of H-atom sample are excited to 30. Energy of an electron is given by
radiations. The study of spectra indicates that
27% of the atoms are in 3rd energy level, 15% -18 z2
of atoms in 2nd energy level and rest in ground E= -2.178 × 10 J( 2 ) wavelength of light
n
state required to excite an electron in an hydrogen
1) Number of atoms in 2nd energy level is atom from level n=1to n=2 will be
23 atoms
1.626 10 m
2) Number of atoms in 3rd energy level is [h = 6.62×10-34 J s&c = 3×108 ] (Mains-13)
s
2.9268 1023 atoms 1) 1.214 10 7 m 2) 2.816 10 7 m
3) Number of at oms in Ground st ate is
3) 6.5 10 7 m 4) 8.5 10 7 m
6.2872 1023 atoms 31. According to Bohr’s thoery ,the angular
4) All are correct momentum of electron in the fifth Bohr
24. Calculate the energy emitted when electrons orbit is? (AIEE–06)
of 1.0 gram atom of hydrogen undergo
transition giving the spectral line of lowest 25h 1.0h 10h 2.5h
1) 2) 3) 4)
wave energy in the visible region of its atomic
32. In an atom, two electrons move around the 39. Which of the following sets of quantum
nucleus in circular orbits of radii R and 4R. numbers represents the highest energy of an
The ratio of the time taken by them to atom
complete one revolution is 1) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1, s = +1/2
1) 1:4 2) 4:1 3) 1:8 4) 8:1 2) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1, s = +1/2
33. The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 3) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = +1/2
1.312 106 J mol–1. The energy required to 4) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = +1/2
excite the electron in the atom from n1 = 1, 40. The spin only magnetic moment [in BM] of Ni 2
n2 = 2 is (AIEEE 2008) in aqueous solution would be (atomic no of
5
1)8.51 10 J mol –1 2) 6.56 105 J mol–1 Ni=28)
3) 7.56 105 J mol–1 4) 9.84 105 J mol–1 1) 2.84 2) 4.9 3) 0 4) 1.73
de-Broglie’s and Heisenberg’s Key Level - III
34. In an atom, an electron is moving with a speed 01) 2 02) 4 03) 2 04) 1 05) 2 06) 2
of 600m/s with an accuracy of 0.005% 07) 2 08) 4 09) 1 10) 2 11) 1 12) 4
certainity with which the position of the 13) 3 14) 4 15) 2 16) 2 17) 2 18) 2
electron can be located is (AIEEE-09) 19) 4 20) 2 21) 3 22) 1 23) 4 24) 1
[h = 6.6 × 10 -34 J s,m = 9.1× 10 -31 kg] 25) 1 26) 2 27) 1 28) 2 29) 3 30) 1
1) 1.52 10 4 m 2) 5.1 10 3 m 31) 4 32) 1 33) 4 34) 3 35) 2 36) 3
37) 2 38) 1 39) 2 40) 1
3) 1.92 10 3 m 4) 3.84 10 3 m Hints Level – III
35. The kinetic energy of electron is 3.0 10 25 J . 12375 0
1. A
The wave length of the electron is E
1) 7965A0 2) 4625A0 hc
3) 91A0 4) 8967A0 2. E
36. Uncertainity in the position of an electron
(mass = 9.1 10 –31 kg) moving with 1 1
3. E2 hc[ ]
–1
velocity 300m , accurate upto 0.001%, 1
will be (h = 6.63 10 –34 JS) c 1
(AIEEE2006) 4.
-2 t
1) 19.2 10 m 2) 5.76 10-2 m
3) 1.92 10-2 m 4) 3. 83 10-2 m ct
37. An electron of a velocity ‘x’ is found to have a Nhc E
5. E N
certain wavelength. The velocity to be hc
possessed by the neutron to have half the de d
Broglie wavelength possessed by electron is : 6. v d v t [ v 3 108 m / sec]
t
1) x/1840 2) x/920 3) 3680x 4) x/3680
c c
Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom 7. 1 ; 2
1 2
38. In 321 the sum of angular momentum,
E1 v1
spherical nodes and angular mode is:
E2 v2
6h 4 6h
1) 2) 3 Nhc
2 2 8. E

6h 2 6h 8 Nhc E1
3) 4) E
2
2 2 9. ; E
2 1
 Nhc 1
10. E K.E = h( Þ mv 2 = h( 0
20
2h( 0 2h(2f0 - f0 )
hc 20. v2 = ;v12 = - - - - - (1)
11. E m m
2h(5f0 - f0 )
Energy of one mole= E N A v2 2 = - - - - - - - -2
m
1 Nh hc c 1 2
12. E Nh ( ); E h mv
t t 21. 2
0
13. Etotal E1 E2
1 1 1 2
hc hc hc 1 1 1 hc mv
0 2
1 2 1 2 1
2
1 1 1 2hc 0
V
353 680 2 m 0

14. h h kE ; K .E h( ) 22.
0 0
h w K .E ; w h K.E
240 103
15. B.E for 1 molecule = = 40 10 20 J hc 6.625 10 34 3 108
6 1023 K .E 0.35
= 4 10 19 J 256.7 10 9
hc %
Energy of incident light E 4.41 10 19 J 23. No.of atoms n N 0
100
24. Balmer series - visible region,for the line of balmer
K.E E W
series energy is maximum
K .E 0.41 10 19 25. Balmer series - visible region
= 4.1 10 20 J for 3rd line n1 2, n2 5
1 2 hC 1 2 E1 E1
16. h W mv ; W mv
26. E
2 2 32 22
( 1eV 1.6 10 19 J ) 5E1
19 E
W 2.13 1.6 10 J 36
hc E1 7.2E
17. h W K .E ; W K .E
I .E E1
hc hc 7.2 E
W 0
W 2 2
0
27. r1 r2 0.529 n1 n2
18. hv1 hv0 1 h v1 v0 1 -------------(1)
28. I .E E1
hv2 hv0 k h v2 v0 k ----------- (2) ( E1 ) He ( zHe )2
z2
(1) 1 v1 v0 En
n2 ( E1 ) Li 2 ( zLi 2 )2
= K v v
(2) 2 0
29. E E3 E1 12.1eV
v2 v0 Kv1 Kv0 Electron jumps from 3rd orbit to 1st orbit
Kv0 v0 Kv1 v2 3h h
mvr
v0 K 1 Kv1 v2 2 2
Kv1 v2 hc 1 1
v0 30. E 2.178 10 18 ( 2 )
K 1 n1 n22
19. no. of photo electrons ejected intensity of radia- 6.6256 10 34
3 108 1 1
18
tion but KE is independent of intensity of radiation. 2.178 10 ( )
12 22
 nh 1. Assertion(A): The energy of ultraviolet radiation
31. mvr is greater than the energy of infrared radiation
2
Reason(R): The velocity of ultraviolet radiation
32. According to Kepler’s law t 2 is greater than the velocity of infrared radiation.
R3
33. E E2 E1 [ I .E E1 ] 2. A : Fe 3 ion is more stable than Fe 2
R : Fe 3 ion has more number of unpaired electrons
1.312 10 6 1.312 106
( ) than Fe 2
22 1
3. A : The kinetic energy of the photo electron ejected
h increases with increase in intensity of incident light.
34. x.m. v
4 R: Increase in intensity of incident light increases
h the rate of emission.
x 4 A : Threshold frequency is a characteristic for a
4 .m. v
34
metal
6.6256 10 R : Threshold frequency is a maximum frequency
x
31 600 0.005 required for the ejection of electron from the metal
4 3.14 9.1 10
100 surface.
h 5. A : Line spectrum of Li 2 and He are identical
35. R : Isoelectronic species produce identical
2mkE
spectrum
h 6. A : Hydrogen has only one electron in its orbit but
36. x
4 m. V produces several spectral lines.
1 mn vn R : There are many excited energy levels available
2 me ve in a sample of Hydrogen gas.
37. 1 me.ve , Vn 7. A : It is not essential that all the lines available in
2 mn
the emission spectrum will also be available in the
38. 321 : n 3, i 2, m 1 absorption spectrum
R : The spectrum of hydrogen atom is only
h 6h absorption spectrum
Angular momentum l l 1 8. A : In an atom, the velocity of electrons in the higher
2 2 orbits keeps on decreasing
Spherical nodes 3 2 1 0; R : Velocity of electron is inversely proportional to
Angular node = 2 the radius of the orbit
6h 6h 4 9. A : The radial probability of 1s electron first
Sum of all the above 2 increases, till it is maximum at 0.53A0 , and then
2 2
decreases.
40. B n(n 2) Ni 2 3d 8 R : Bohr’s radius for the first orbit is 0.53A0
Number of unpaired electrons = 2 10. A : Wavelength of limiting line of lyman series is
less than wavelength of limiting line of Balmer series.
Level–IV
R : Rydberg constant value is same for all elements
In the questions that follows two statements
11. A : The faster a particle moves, the greater its
are given. Reason is supported to be the momentum and the shorter is the wave length that
explanation for Assertion. Study both the
is associated with it.
statements and then mark your answers. R : Because = hp–1 and p = mv
according to the codes given below. Mark 12. A : An electron cannot exist in the nucleus
your answer as R : The deBroglie wavelength of an electron is much
1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
smaller than the diameter of the nucleus
explanation of (A) 13. A : The position of electron can be determined with
2) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the
the help of an electronic microscope
correct explanation of (A)
R : The product of uncertainty in momentum and
3) (A) is true but (R) is false the uncertainty in the position of an electron cannot
4) (A) is false but (R) is true be less than a finite limit
14. A : It is not possible to predict position and the C) Wave number 3) 3 108m / sec
velocity of an electron exactly and simultaneously D) Photon 4) 6.625 10–34J–sec
R : Electron moving with high speed possesses both 5) cm–1
the particle nature and the wave nature The correct match is
15. A : deBroglie equation has significance for any A B C D A B C D
microscopic or submicroscopic particles 1) 2 3 4 5 2) 1 2 3 4
R : deBroglie wavelength is inversely proportional 3) 2 4 5 1 4) 3 4 5 1
to the mass of the object. 26. List - I List - II
16. A : There are two nodal regions in 3s-orbital. I) h a) Quantization of
R : There is no nodal plane in 3s-orbital. angular momentum
17. A : A spectral line will be observed for a 2px–2py
transition II) E h b)Wave numbers of
R : The energy of 2px and 2py orbitals is the same Balmer series
18. A : The Px orbital has maximum electron density 1 1
III) c) Quantum theory
along the x axis and its nodal plane is yz plane 22 n 2
R : For a given atom, for all values of n, the p- h
orbitals have the same shape, but the overall size IV) m.v.r d) Photoelectric effect
increase as n increases 2
19. A : Electrons may be considered as particles and The correct match is
waves I II III IV I II III IV
R : An electron in an atom may be described as 1) a b c d 2) c d b a
occupying at atomic orbital or by a wave function 3) d c b a 4) b d a c
, which is a solution to the schrodinger wave 27. List - I List - II
equation I) Wave number a) ms 1
20. A : indicates the amplitude of electron - wave II) Frequency b) nm
R : 2 denotes probability of finding an electron in III) Wavelength c) s 1
the space around the nucleus IV) Velocity d) m 1
21. A : The electronic configurations in which all of the The correct match is
orbitals of the same sub shell are either completely I II III IV I II III IV
filled or are exactly half filled are more stable 1) a b c d 2) d c b a
R : The completely filled or exactly half filled shells 3) b c d a 4) c d b a
possess a symmetrical distribution of electrons and 28. List - I List - II
allow their maximum number of exchanges 2 2
22. A : An orbital cannot have more than two electrons A) Energy 1)
R : The two electrons in an orbital create opposite nh
magnetic field 2 2 2 4
23. A : P – orbital can accomadate 6 electrons B) Velocity 2)
n 2h2
R : No two electrons in atom can have same set of
four quantum numbers 2 2 2 4
C) Rydberg constant 3)
24. A : Ground state electronic configuration of h 3c
chromium atom is (Ar) 4s 3d 1 5

R : Exchange energy is more wtih(Ar) 4s13d5than n2 h 2

D) Radius 4)
(Ar) 4s23d4 4 2 2

Matrix Match Type 4 2 2 4

Following questions contains statements given 5)
in two columns. Which have to be matched. n2 h 2
Statements (A,B,C,D) in column I have to be The correct match is
matched with statements (P,Q,R,S)in column II 1) A = 2 B = 4 C = 5 D = 1
25. List - I List - II 2) A = 2 B = 1 C = 3 D = 4
A) Velocity of light 1) Energy particle 3) A = 3 B = 2 C = 1 D = 4
B) Plank’s constant 2) Energy packet 4) A = 4 B = 3 C = 1 D = 5
 JEE-MAIN-JR-CHEM-VOL-I
29. List - I List - II 33. List - I List - II
I) Radial probability a) 1.1A 0 I) The electrons of same a) Hund’s rule
distribution curve of orbital differ in ‘s’ value
3s orbital II) Order of orbitals is b) Stability of
II) Distance of maximum b)1s orbital 2s,2p,3s,3p,4s completely
probability of 1s electron filled sublevel
III) Radial node for a c) 3 peaks, III) E.C of N is c) Pauli’s principle
2 2 1 1
1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz 1
2s electron 2 radial nodes
IV) E.C of Cu is d) Aufbau principle
IV) No spherical nodes d) 0.53A 0 [Ar] 4s13d10
The correct match is The correct match is
I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV
1) a b c d 2) c d a b 1) a b c d 2) d c b a
3) b a d c 4) d a b c 3) c d a b 4) c b d a
30. List - I List - II 34. Column-I Column-II
Ze 2 A) 7s P) Maximum energy
A) nodal plane 1) B) 4d Q) Maximum
2r
number of electrons
h C) 5d R) 3 sub shells
B) p-orbital 2)
mv D) 4p S) Minimum number
C) deBroglie 3) Spherical of orbitals
D) Kinetic energy 4) Probability of e– is zero 35. Column-I Column-II
5) Dumb bell A) Radial function (R) P) n
The correct match is B) Angular function( ) Q) l
A B C D A B C D
1) 4 5 2 1 2) 2 4 3 5 C) Angular function ( ) R) m
3) 1 5 3 2 4) 3 1 4 2 D) Quantised angular momentum S) s
31. List - I List - II Key Level – IV
01) 3 02) 2 03) 4 04) 3 05) 1 06) 1
I) 2
depends only a) p–orbitals
07) 3 08) 1 09) 2 10) 3 11) 1 12) 3
upon distance 13) 4 14) 1 15) 1 16) 2 17) 4 18) 2
II) 2 depends upon b) d–orbital 19) 2 20) 2 21) 1 22) 3 23) 4 24) 1
distance and on one 25) 4 26) 3 27) 2 28) 2 29) 2 30) 1
direction 31) 3 32) 3 33) 3
34) A-P,S; B-Q; C-Q; D-R
III) 2 depends upon c) f –orbital
35) A-P,Q; B-Q,R; C-R; D-Q,S
distance and on two
directions Hints Level – IV
IV) 2 depends upon d) s –orbitals 7. The minimum frequency required to eject an
electron from the surface of metal is called
distance and on three threshold frequency.
directions 8. Due to same electronic configuration.
The correct match is 10. H-spectrum can be both emission and
I II III IV I II III IV absorption
1) d c b a 2) c b a d
3) d a b c 4) d a c b h
15.
32. List - I List- mv
II 21. 2P orbitals are degenerate.
A) No of electrons present in an orbit 1) 2 22. The two lobes are oriented along x-axis.
B) Number of orbitals in an orbit 2) n 24. 2
is the probability function
C) Number of electrons in an orbital 3) n2
is the wave function.
D) Number of sub shells in an orbit 4) 2n2
The correct match is 34. no. of electrons in an orbit = 2n 2
A B C D A B C D no. of orbitals in an orbit = n 2
1) 4 2 1 3 2) 1 2 3 4 no. of electrons in an orbital = 2
3) 4 3 1 2 4) 2 1 3 4 no. of subshells = n