CAESAR II

Quick Reference
Version 2019 (11.0)
April 2019
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CAESAR II Quick Reference 2

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CAESAR II Quick Reference 3

Contents
What's New in CAESAR II ........................................................................................................................... 6

Overview ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
Software and Hardware Requirements ................................................................................................. 12
Seminars ............................................................................................................................................... 13
Additional Intergraph CAS Software ..................................................................................................... 13
Customer Support ................................................................................................................................. 14
Shortcut Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 15

Licensing .................................................................................................................................................... 19
ESL Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Install a local lock ........................................................................................................................... 20
Install a network lock ...................................................................................................................... 20

Installation .................................................................................................................................................. 24
Install Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 26
Install CAESAR II .................................................................................................................................. 26
Install in Silent Mode ............................................................................................................................. 28
Troubleshoot Installation ....................................................................................................................... 30

Technical Information ............................................................................................................................... 32

External Interfaces ................................................................................................................................ 32
Piping Codes ......................................................................................................................................... 33
Equipment Codes.................................................................................................................................. 34
Wind and Seismic Codes ...................................................................................................................... 35
Configuration Options ........................................................................................................................... 37
Computational Control .................................................................................................................... 37
Database Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 38
FRP Properties ............................................................................................................................... 39
Geometry Directives ....................................................................................................................... 40
Graphic Settings ............................................................................................................................. 40
Miscellaneous Options ................................................................................................................... 45
SIFs and STRESSES ..................................................................................................................... 46
List of Materials ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Restraints .............................................................................................................................................. 48
Intersection Types ................................................................................................................................. 49
Node Locations on Bends ..................................................................................................................... 50

Code Stresses ............................................................................................................................................ 52

Nomenclature ........................................................................................................................................ 52
US Code Stresses ................................................................................................................................ 54
International Code Stresses.................................................................................................................. 62
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Guide ....................................................................................... 74

CAESAR II Quick Reference 4

 Contents

Index ........................................................................................................................................................... 75

CAESAR II Quick Reference 5

What's New in CAESAR II
The latest CAESAR II release delivers new and extended capabilities in response to current
market requirements and feedback from the CAESAR II user community.
CAESAR II 2019, Version 11.00

User Interface
 Optimized the performance of 3D model graphics, most notably with large model refresh
times. Because of the improved performance, View > Toggle Graphics Update is no
longer needed and has been removed. (DI-TX-23248)
 Added shortcut keys that are used consistently throughout the software. For more
information, see Shortcut Keys in the CAESAR II User's Guide and the CAESAR II Quick
Reference Guide. (DI-TX-24231, RI-TX-24977)
 Improved the File tab options on the main window ribbon, including improved existing
options, and new folder and help access. (CR-TX-25240, DI-TX-28411)
 Removed the secondary menu from the main window. All commands are on the main
window ribbon. (CR-TX-25241)
 Added a new Layout menu to the main window ribbon. The menu provides theme,
language, and icon size options and allows you to reset to the default layout. (CR-TX-25239,
CR-TX-26312, CR-TX-28056)
 Changed the default look of the software to a new light gray Light theme. The existing dark
gray Dark theme is available on the Layout menu. (CR-TX-25776, CR-TX-28056)
 Changed some graphics defaults to better match the most commonly-used settings. New
defaults include: Default Operator (Select), Hide Overlapping Text (on), Text Options
(12 pt. by default), and Bottom and Top background colors (white). (DI-TX-24698)
 Updated the File > About window to improve usability and appearance. Also updated the
Help and About icons to provide a look consistent with other interface improvements.
(CR-TX-26044)
 Updated the Help tab to eliminate unnecessary commands, better organize the remaining
commands, and provide a new help search function. (CR-TX-25242)
 Revised product branding from Intergraph to Hexagon throughout the software.
(DI-TX-22927)

Piping, Equipment, and Environmental Codes

 Added support for ASCE 7-2016 wind and seismic loads. (CR-TX-23218)
 Added support for the China GB 50009-2012 wind code. (CR-TX-23229)
 Added support for the ISO 14692 2017 piping code. The software also still includes support
for ISO 14692 2005. (CR-TX-25780, CR-TX-26608)
 Updated the CODETI code to the November 2016 edition, and corrected CODETI code
stress equations in the Quick Reference Guide. (TR-TX-25335, TR-TX-3832)
 Updated the KHK seismic design standard to the 2012 edition. (CR-TX-26612)

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 What's New in CAESAR II

 Updated the ASME B31.1 code to the July 2018 edition. (DI-TX-27783)
 Updated the BS EN 13480 code to the June 2017 edition. (DI-TX-27783)
 Added support for the DNV 2017 (DNVGL-ST-F101) piping code, including a new DNV Wall
Thickness Calculator. The software also still supports for DNV 1996. New features of the
calculator include:
 Definition of global DNV properties and element-specific properties.
 Display of material, pressures, and design loads defined in the model.
 Output results and graphs that update as you define or change properties.
 Ability to update the wall thickness in Piping Input.
 Saving calculator input values to the model.
(RI-TX-24868, TR-TX-29168)
 Updated the Errors and Warnings grid to perform more like Microsoft Excel. The grid
supports selection and copy of grid rows between the grid and Excel. (DI-TX-22923)
 For the Seismic Wizard, changed the default value for the ASCE 7 Response Factor R
from 12 to 3.5 to comply with ASME B31 standards. (CR-TX-23265)
 Added support for displaying all component stress values (hoop, allowable, SIF) in reports
instead of only the highest component stress. (CR-TX-26265)

Material and Content

 Updated the Material Database Editor grid to support copy, cut, paste, and delete of cells
and rows within the grid and between the grid and Excel. (DI-TX-22915, DI-TX-28411)
 Updated the hanger table for LISEGA spring hangers. (CR-TX-10627)

Configuration
 Updated B31.4 and B31.8 codes to function similarly for non-default configuration settings
and combination load cases. (DI-TX-24014)
 Added support for Intergraph Smart® Licensing 2019.

Piping Input
 Added the CAESAR II Determines option to Allowable Stress Indicator for the B31.8
code, similar to the existing implementation for B31.4. CAESAR II Determines specifies
that the software selects the stress equations based on the calculated axial load in the
piping system. (CR-TX-20558)
 Added node name and node number formatting options to Options > Node Numbers. You
can now display names and numbers with the same formatting available for Options >
Node Name in the Static Output Processor. (CR-TX-16576)
 Updated and renamed the Global Coordinates and Global commands to View/Set
Coordinates. The new Global Coordinates dialog box displays a list view of nodes and
coordinates for all disconnected elements, and you can edit the values. (CR-TX-5232)
 Updated the Coordinates and Elements lists to support the new View/Set Coordinates
command. The start (From) node displays in the Node column of the Coordinates list.

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 What's New in CAESAR II

Right-click > View/Set Coordinates displays on the Coordinates list. Disconnected

element rows highlight in green in both lists. (CR-TX-24843)
 Extended the range for node numbers. A node number previously had a maximum value of
32,000. It now has a maximum value of 8 million. (CR-TX-1271, RI-TX-24353)
 Improved the efficiency of processing disconnected segments to function with the extended
node number range. (CR-TX-24998)
 Improved the behavior of node names. The same node name now displays on all elements
sharing the same node. (CR-TX-17148)
 Increased the maximum length of node names from 10 to 25 characters. (CR-TX-25865,
RI-TX-17314)
 Increased the number of Uniform Loads from three to nine vectors. (RI-TX-24862)
 Added a restraint legend which allows you to visually identify and edit restraint gap values.
(CR-TX-26518, CR-TX-27856)
 Added the Rigid Type option to the Rigids auxiliary data tab. When you define a rigid type,
the software graphically displays the valve or flange rigid type in the model view.
(CR-TX-1633, CR-TX-8390)
 For the ISO-14692 2005 code, allowed editing of the Pressure SIF box on the SIFs/Tees
auxiliary tab. You can now change the value in both boxes from the default value of 1.3.
(CR-TX-26736)
 Adjusted the density for material (191) A335 P91. (CR-TX-21550)
 Added the ability to create multiple toolbar and command profiles. You can switch between
profiles as needed and share your profile view with others. Delivered a new functional profile
as the default profile. (CR-TX-8772)
 Changed the display of hangers and cans. For non-vertical pipe, hangers and cans now
display linearly and perpendicular to the pipe. (CR-TX- 26343)

Load Case Editor

 Added a properly formatted Microsoft Excel import file to the Static Analysis - Load Case
Editor. The software also provides an example template file, LCE_Template.xltx, in the
C:\\ProgramData\Intergraph CAS\CAESAR II\11.00\System\templates folder.
(CR-TX-15419, CR-TX-3333)
 Added export of an Excel .xlsx file from the Static Analysis - Load Case Editor. You can
now set up and share load conditions. (CR-TX-25081)
 Added an Exclude option that allows you to easily exclude a selected load case from the
static analysis. (CR-TX-24847, CR-TX-25082)
 Updated the Static Analysis - Load Case Editor for the DNVGL-ST-F101 2017 edition,
including a new limit state (LMST) stress type for combined load cases, and a new Limit
State Load Type field for non-combined load cases and non-LMST combined loads. The
software also includes an example DNV load case template file. (CR-TX-27148)
 For ASME NC-3658.3 flanged joint calculations, changed the hydrotest (HYD) load cases to
use the same allowable as the occasional (OCC) load cases. (CR-TX-21979)

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 What's New in CAESAR II

Equipment & Component Analysis

 Expanded the redesigned and renamed Equipment Analysis to include API 617, API 560,
API 661, NEMA SM23, and HEI Standard equipment modules into the single Equipment
Analysis window. (API 610 equipment was moved into the Equipment Manager in the
previous release.) Changes include updates to calculations and updates to reports to meet
Equipment Analysis standards. (CR-TX-3328, CR-TX-18354, CR-TX-18356,
CR-TX-23231, DI-TX-25818, CR-TX-26262, TR-TX-29112)
 Added several usability improvements to Equipment Analysis. Node Number is now
optional. Most recently used files are now available. Status and warnings for the equipment
input display before analysis, in the status pane, and in the output report after analysis
completes. (CR-TX-24168)
 Added support for EN-1591 flange leakage analysis with a new EN-1591 Analysis window.
The user interface follows standards and workflow similar to Equipment Analysis,
including:
 Definition of flange, bolt, and gasket properties.
 Definition of loads on the Loads tab.
 Ability to update loads when the results of an imported and linked pipe stress analysis
change.
 Comprehensive output results on the Output tab.
(DI-TX-19946)

Analysis
 For static analysis, clarified the usage of the wind load reduction factor for ASCE 7. You
must explicitly apply this factor to the wind load component in a wind load case.
(CR-TX-23265)
 For dynamic analysis, corrected the determination of the pressure stiffening effect on bends
by excluding hydro pressure. (CR-TX-18264)

Isometrics
 Added the option to create .pdf files when you create .dwg files using Create Isometric
Drawings. The software also saves .dwg drawing files and .pdf files in the same folder as
the piping model. (CR-TX-16394)
 Updated Generate Stress Isometrics to Personal ISOGEN 2016 (10.0.0.1) and to
I-Configure 2016 (06.00.00.11). (CR-TX-5279)
 Improved the creation of isometric drawings for models containing dummy legs.
(CR-TX-22366, CR-TX-26317)
 Improved usability of stress isometric annotations. When you select a Restraint/Hanger
Types or SIF/Fitting Data input feature, the software also selects the corresponding Node
Numbers feature. (CR-TX-9557)

Underground Pipe Modeler

 Updated the Underground Pipe Modeler grid to support copy and paste of rows within the
grid and between the grid and Excel. (CR-TX-5255)

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 What's New in CAESAR II

Output Processor
 Added access to the Data Export Wizard from the Static Output Processor.
(CR-TX-16573)
 Added a Maximize/Restore button to report windows for static reports. The software also
saves the most recent window size and uses it when you open the next report window.
(CR-TX-1206)
 Changed standard reports to more consistently report component stresses.
 Created a standard Stresses report, which shows the corresponding component stress
consistent with code stress instead of a generic engineering stress.
 Created a new Stresses (Multiple Code/Allow.) report for transportation and offshore
codes showing all code stresses instead of the highest code stress.
 Changed the Stresses Extended report to the Stresses Extended (Legacy) report.
 Removed the previous Stress and Code Compliance reports.
 Renamed the Code Compliance Extended report to Code Compliance.
(CR-TX-25768, CR-TX-26310, CR-TX-26629, CR-TS-27189)
 Added standard reports for the DNV 2017 piping code: DNV Components, DNV Details,
and DNV Thickness Overview. (CR-TX-28080, CR-TX-28083)

External Interfaces
 Improved Import PCF to allow you to import a large number of files. (CR-TX-23420)
 Added a new PCF Mapping utility to Import PCF and Advanced PCF Import (APCF). This
utility allows you to customize your PCF mapping and add attributes, such as additional
temperature and pressure attributes. You can create a custom mapping from your 3D or
CAD design PCF attribute directly to a CAESAR II field. (CR-TX-997, RI-TX-24981,
RI-TX-25141)
 Added an interface for BOSfluids file import, using a dialog box similar to the other
hydraulic module interfaces. Also added an option to directly open Dynamic Analysis after
import completes. (CR-TX-20097)
 Updated the neutral file format so that line numbers, line color, line visibility, and bend
overlay thickness now import and export. (CR-TX-4336)
 Improved the Data Export Wizard to allow multiple output report exports in one session.
Improved defaults of the Input and Output Files window and changed the default output file
format to .accdb (Microsoft Office 2007 and later Access database) to improve usability.
(CR-TX-26737)
 The DynPlot dynamic output animation window allows you to export all time history
dynamics data into a log file for use in post processing. (CR-TX-28404)

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 What's New in CAESAR II

Documentation/Help
 Converted help to a new help viewer with an improved interface and search capabilities, and
changed the format of units in the help to eliminate display issues. You can use tooltips or
interface labels for the current units of a field. (DI-TX-24906, DI-TX-27046, DI-TX-22964,
DI-TX-24906)
 Updated thermal coefficient of expansion topics to specify the length and temperature units
of the model. (CR-TX-17740)
 Added more details and equations to the CAESAR II Determines option of Allowable
Stress Indicator for finding the pipe restrained/unrestrained status in the B31.4 code.
(CR-TX-22370)
 Revised and reorganized Tutorial B in the CAESAR II Application Guide. (DI-TX-23250)
 Clarified usage of the Free Measure option of Distance. The option should only be used in
2D views. (CR-TX-22845)
 Added a shortcut key overview. For more information, see Shortcut Keys in the CAESAR II
User's Guide and the CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide. (DI-TX-24231, RI-TX-24977)
 Added information on editing ASCII text files. (CR-TX-24528, CR-TX-22747)
 Clarified descriptions of numeric calculations in delta and length fields of Classic Piping
Input. (CR-TX-24463)
 Added descriptions for Multiple Load Case Hanger Design Options in the Hangers
auxiliary panel, the Hanger Design Control Data dialog box of Classic Piping Input, and
the Technical Discussions section. (DI-TX-25488, DI-TX-28115)
 Added a note to Type for SIFs & Tees that describes the importance of properly defining
tees to avoid overly conservative SIF values. (SI-TX-27775)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 11

SECTION 1

Overview
The CAESAR II® Quick Reference Guide helps you quickly identify needed information, answer
common questions, and resolve common problems. You can copy it as needed.
CAESAR II is an advanced tool for designing and analyzing piping systems using input forms,
on-line help, graphics, and extensive error detection.
CAESAR II statically and dynamically analyzes large piping models, structural steel models, or
combined models. ASME, B31, WRC, and rotating equipment reports are created to provide a
complete description of piping system behavior under applied loading conditions. Additional
capabilities, such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer and relief
valve solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers provide you with the most
advanced computer-based piping software available today.
CAESAR II is continuously enhanced to add new functionality and to modify existing procedures
as piping codes are updated. For more information on the most recent changes to CAESAR II,
see What's New in CAESAR II (page 6).

In This Section
Software and Hardware Requirements ......................................... 12
Seminars ........................................................................................ 13
Additional Intergraph CAS Software .............................................. 13
Customer Support .......................................................................... 14
Shortcut Keys ................................................................................ 15

Software and Hardware Requirements

Operating System
 Windows 7 Ultimate, Business, or Enterprise (32 & 64-bit)
 Windows 10 Pro or Enterprise (32 & 64-bit)
Beginning with Windows 10, Microsoft enforces the Internet Host Table
Specification RFC 952 which mandates that component hostname labels can contain only
alphanumeric characters. Host names using underscores ('_') are not allowed. Refer to
Microsoft KB 101785.
 Windows Server (all versions). The software only supports Windows Server for the
installation of network licensing systems (NetHASP License Manager).

Processor
 Intel Pentium IV or higher. AMD Athlon dual-core processor or higher.
 3.0 GHz or higher

CAESAR II Quick Reference 12

 Overview

Memory
 4 GB RAM or higher

Display
 Video card with at least 512 MB video RAM
 Video card support for OpenGL 1.1 or later and DirectX 9.0 or later
 Video card drivers updated with the latest manufacturer's drivers (Motherboard-integrated
video cards not recommended for desktop systems.)
 Motherboard-integrated video cards are not recommended for desktop systems.
 1280 x 1024 minimum resolution or higher with True Color

Software
 Adobe Reader 8.0 or greater
 Microsoft .NET Framework 4.7.2 or greater
CAESAR II no longer includes .NET with the product installer due to corporate
security requirements.
 Licensing:
 SmartPlant License Manager Client and Server 2012
-OR-
 Intergraph Smart® Licensing 2019
You do not need licensing software if you are using a hardware-based external
software lock (ESL). For more information, see Licensing (page 19).

Seminars
Hexagon CAS periodically offers seminars to augment your knowledge of CAESAR II™ and of
pipe stress analysis. The general seminar is held in our Houston office and covers five days of
statics. Twice a year, we also cover five days of statics and three days of dynamics. These
seminars emphasize the piping codes, static analysis, dynamic analysis, and problem solving.
Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminar details,
please contact [email protected].

Additional Intergraph CAS Software

CADWorx Plant is AutoCAD-based plant design/drafting software with a bi-directional data
transfer link to CAESAR II. CADWorx allows models to be created in orthographic, isometric,
2D, or 3D modes. CADWorx template specifications contain built-in auto routing, auto iso, stress
iso, auto dimensioning, complete libraries, center of gravity calculations, and bill of materials.
PV Elite is comprehensive software for the design or analysis of vertical and horizontal vessels.
Pressure vessel codes include ASME VIII-1 and VIII-2, PD: 5500, and EN-13445. PVElite
includes CodeCalc. CodeCalc is software for the design or analysis of pressure vessel
components. CodeCalc capabilities include: analysis of tubesheets, rectangular vessels,

CAESAR II Quick Reference 13

 Overview

flanges, nozzles; Zick Analysis; and standard internal/external thickness and pressure
calculations on heads, shells, and cones. API 579 calculations are also included.
PV Fabricator automates the production of pressure vessel fabrication deliverables. When
linked to PV Elite, PV Fabricator improves the workflow and reduces errors.
TANK idesigns or rerates API-650/653 storage tanks. The software includes API 650
Appendices A, E, F, M, P, R, S, and V, and API 653 Appendix B. Calculations address winds
girders, conical roof design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion allowance.

Customer Support
For the latest support information for this product:

Technical Support [email protected]

Email: (mailto:[email protected]?subject=ICAS Support
Request)

CAS Dealer http://www.coade.com/Support/Dealers.shtml

Support: http://www.coade.com/Support/Dealers.shtml

Phone: 1-800-766-7701

Fax: 281-890-3301

Web Sites: http://www.coade.com (http://www.coade.com)

http://hexagonppm.com/products/analysis-product-family
(http://hexagonppm.com/products/analysis-product-family)

Address: CADWorx and Analysis Solutions

7840 N. Sam Houston Pkwy. W.
Suite 100
Houston, TX 77064

Sales Email: [email protected]

Knowledge-Based https://smartsupport.intergraph.com
Articles/Tutorials
(US & Canada
only):

Also, you can submit any documentation comments or suggestions you might have on our
support site.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 14

 Overview

Shortcut Keys
The following shortcut keys are available in the software.

Key Command
File Commands

CTRL+N New

CTRL+O Open

CTRL+S Save

CTRL+E Error Check

CTRL+R Batch Run

CTRL+P Print

Edit Commands

CTRL+X Cut

CTRL+C Copy

CTRL+V Paste

ALT+C Continue

CTRL+I Insert Element

CTRL+D Delete Element

CTRL+F Find Node

CTRL+G Global Coordinates

CTRL+M Distance

PAGE DOWN Next Element

PAGE UP Previous Element

CTRL+ PAGE DOWN Alternate Next Element (Only displays data that changed from the
original element)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 15

 Overview

Key Command

CTRL+ PAGE UP Alternate Previous Element (Only displays data that changed from the
original element)

CTRL+HOME First Element

CTRL+END Last Element

CTRL+Z Undo

CTRL+Y Redo

Model Commands

CTRL+B Break

CTRL+SHIFT+V Valve Flange Database

CTRL+J Expansion Joint

CTRL+T Title

CTRL+H Hanger Design Control Data

Options Commands (Graphic modules only)

CTRL+ALT+U Range

CTRL+ALT+R Restraints

CTRL+ALT+A Anchors

CTRL+SHIFT+D Displacements

CTRL+ALT+H Hangers

CTRL+ALT+F Forces

ALT+SHIFT+P Axis

CTRL+ALT+N Node Numbers

ALT+SHIFT+L Length

ALT+SHIFT+T Tees

CTRL+ALT+D Diameters

CAESAR II Quick Reference 16

 Overview

Key Command

CTRL+ALT+W Wall Thicknesses

CTRL+ALT+M Materials

ALT+SHIFT+I Insulation Thickness

CTRL+1 Temperature 1

CTRL+2 Temperature 2

CTRL+3 Temperature 3

CTRL+4 Temperature 4

CTRL+5 Temperature 5

CTRL+6 Temperature 6

CTRL+7 Temperature 7

CTRL+8 Temperature 8

CTRL+9 Temperature 9

View Commands (Graphic modules only)

ALT+F9 Reset

ALT+Z Front View

(X-Y plane)

ALT+SHIFT+Z Back View

(Y-X plane)

ALT+Y Top View

(X-Z plane)

ALT+SHIFT+Y Bottom View

(Z-X plane)

ALT+SHIFT+X Left-side View

(Y-Z plane)

ALT+X Right-side View

(Z-Y plane)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 17

 Overview

Key Command

F10 Southeast ISO View

Miscellaneous Commands

F2 Jump to Node Numbers

F3 Jump to Deltas

F5 Jump to Operating Conditions

F6 Jump to Materials
You cannot jump to another field when Materials is selected.

F7 Jump to Elastic Properties

F8 Jump to Densities

F9 Jump to Line Number

You cannot jump to another field when Line Number is
selected.

ALT+1 Edit Node Numbers dialog box

ALT+2 Edit Deltas dialog box

ALT+3 Edit Pipe Sizes dialog box

ALT+4 Edit Operating Conditions dialog box

ALT+5 Edit Materials dialog box

ALT+6 Edit Elastic Properties dialog box

ALT+7 Edit Densities dialog box

ALT+8 Aux Tools toolbar

ALT+M Motion
(Animation view only)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 18

SECTION 2

Licensing
CAESAR II supports the following types of licensing:
 Local External Software Lock (ESL)
Hardware-based licensing using a green USB dongle. A local ESL can be moved
between computers (such as between desktops and laptops).
 Network External Software Lock (ESL)
Hardware-based licensing using a red USB dongle. A network ESL is installed on a
computer that is network accessible from the computer, or multiple computers, running
CAESAR II.
 License Manager
Software-based licensing using:
 SmartPlant License Manager Client and Server 2012
-OR-
 Intergraph Smart® Licensing 2019
For complete installation and configuration instructions, see the documentation for each
product.

External Software Lock (ESL) Keys

The External Software Lock (ESL) is the security protection method used by CADWorx &
Analysis Solutions The software cannot execute unless an appropriate ESL (green or red USB
key) is connected locally to the computer, or to another computer in the network (red USB key).
The ESL contains the CAESAR II licensing data, and other client-specific information. This
information includes the client company name and user ID number. Additional data may be
stored on the ESL depending on the specific software and the specific client.
There are two different ESL types, local and network. Both types of ESLs are intended to be
attached to the USB ports of the applicable computers. The appropriate ESL(s) are shipped with
your product according to the licensing type purchase.
 Local ESLs provide the maximum flexibility in using the software in that they can be moved
between computers (for example, between desktops and laptops).
 Network ESLs must be attached to a computer on the network, either a computer or the
server. In order for the network to respond to software requests for the ESL, the NetHASP
License Manager utility must also be running on the computer where the network ESL is
attached.
The HASP drivers for ESL usage can be found in the sub-folder, ASSIDRV, beneath the
analysis products program folder. However, for CADWorx the HASP drivers for ESL usage can
be found in the sub-folder, Utilities. The documentation files in this sub-folder contain
instructions for a variety of networks and operating systems. Note that there are periodic

CAESAR II Quick Reference 19

 Licensing

updates to these ESL drivers, and they can be downloaded from the Intergraph Smart Support
(https://smartsupport.intergraph.com) website.
Do not connect two locks to the same computer. The software finds the first lock and
returns its code. For example, you have a lock for CAESAR II and CADWorx and plug both into
the same computer. You start CAESAR II, but the software might find the CADWorx lock first
and return an error. If the same computer is going to run more than one CADWorx & Analysis
Solutions product, then contact Intergraph CAS by sending an email to
[email protected] to request that both products be licensed from the same
lock.

ESL Installation
The following topics explain how to install the different hardware locks supported by CAESAR II.

What do you want to do?

 Install a local lock (page 20)
 Install a network lock (page 20)

Install a local lock

1. Open Windows Explorer.
2. If you are installing CAESAR II, PV Elite, or TANK, navigate to c:\Program Files\Intergraph
CAS\Product\Assidrv and double-click HASPUserSetup.exe.
-OR-
If you are installing CADWorx, navigate to C:\CADWorx Version\Utilities and double-click
HaspHLDriverSetup.exe
3. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the driver.

Install a network lock

The following list details general information about Legacy HASP network (red) ESLs.
If you are using an SRM/LDK network (red) ESL, refer to Managing SRM Network Licenses.
 The red network ESL should be set up by a Network Administrator or someone familiar with
Windows-based networks. If you are not familiar with concepts such as network protocols,
broadcast, IP addresses, TCP, UDP, and Windows Services, please do not attempt to setup
the red network ESL.
 The red network ESL does not have to be attached to the network server. We recommend
attaching the red network ESL to a computer that is always up and running, can be
re-booted without impact to users, and is not the primary computer for any user on the
network.
 If you install an Intergraph CAS product on a network drive for multiple users to access,
assign read/write privileges for all users to the [Product Folder]\System folder. Intergraph

CAESAR II Quick Reference 20

 Licensing

CAS applications write temporary files to the [Product Folder]\System folder that pertains to
the installation. The [Product Folder]\System folder also needs to have read/write privileges
for all users.
 If you are using other network protocols, such as NetBIOS or IPX, check the SafeNet web
site for instructions. The only protocol tested with Intergraph CAS products is TCP/IP.
 The information provided in the analysis products Help file is a supplement to the NetHasp
User's Guide, which is delivered as a PDF(_NETHASP.pdf) in Assidrv folder. CADWorx
delivers this _NETHASP.pdf in the Utilities folder. Review the PDF file for any issues not
addressed in the Help file.

Notes on Network ESLs

A network ESL has advantages and disadvantages. One big advantage is that many client
computers can access the software from a single server. Additional points for consideration are
listed below.
 Depending on the number of licenses allowed by the network ESL, some users may receive
error messages when attempting to access the software. For example, if the ESL has been
configured to allow four simultaneous users, an error message stating that no licenses are
available when the fifth user attempts to access the software. Consequently, the fifth user is
not able to access the software until one of the first four users exits the software and
releases a license.
 Because of the communication procedures between the client computer and the file server,
memory access to the network ESL is much slower than to a local ESL. This access time
delay only occurs when the software is first started after installation.
 Because there is no network specific version of the software, the software looks first for a
local ESL, and then for a network ESL. This allows both a network ESL and several local
ESLs to be used on the same system. This transparent ESL access procedure allows a
single version of the software to be used on the network and on remote computers.
 We recommend that only 70 to 80 percent of the required licenses be assigned to a network
ESL, with the remaining 20 to 30 percent assigned to local ESLs. This enables the local ESL
to be moved between computers. If all of the licenses are on the network ESL, a user must
be logged into the network to access the software. As such, a few local ESLs provide much
greater operating flexibility.

NetHASP License Manager / NETHASP.INI Instructions

You must have Administrator privileges to perform the following procedure.
1. Attach the red network hardware lock to the parallel port or USB port of the computer.
2. On the computer where the hardware lock is attached, navigate to the analysis products'
Assidrv folder, and then double-click Lmsetup.exe. For CADWorx, navigate to the [Product
Folder]\Utilities to access LMsetup.exe. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the
NetHASP License Manager as a service.
3. The NetHasp License Manager starts automatically each time you re-boot the computer.
This occurs because the NetHasp License Manager is set up as a start up service inside
Windows 7/8. To verify that the service is running, click Start > Control Manager >
Administrative Services, and then double-click Services. In the Services dialog box,

CAESAR II Quick Reference 21

 Licensing

locate HASP Loader in the Name list. The HASP Loader Service starts even if no one logs
into the computer.
4. Determine what protocols the NetHasp License Manager is listening to. The NetHasp
License Manager displays a message similar to those listed below:
Server is listening to IPX : Loaded
Server is listening to TCP/IP : Loaded
Server is listening to NetBIOS : Loaded
Loaded means that this protocol is active on the computer.
5. Open the Activity Log menu. This displays the activity log that confirms which protocols are
loaded. Do not be alarmed if the activity log reports that the NHSRV.ini file is not found.
6. Use the box in the top-left corner of the activity log to display only the information specific to
each protocol. Open the activity log for the protocol you want to use, and verify that it
contains no error messages.
7. For TCP/IP protocol, the activity log should report something similar to the following:
Server IP address: 111.111.111.111
Server Host Name: PDC_NT01
8. To speed up response time to the network key, use the Remove menu to unload any
protocols that you are not planning to use with the NetHasp License Manager.

Modify NetHASP.ini for TCP/IP Protocol

If you still cannot access the network ESL you need to configure this
NetHASP.ini file. You must know the IP address of the computer where the red network
hardware lock is attached. All lines with a semi-colon at the start are considered not used.
1. Modify the NetHASP.ini file, located in the analysis products' Assidrv folder and in
CADWorx's Utilities folder under [NH_COMMON], as follows:
a. NH_TCPIP = Enabled
AND under [NH_TCPIP]
b. NH_SERVER_ADDR = 111.111.111.111
c. NH_USE_BROADCAST = Disabled
You may also have to modify other entries in the [NH_TCPIP] section depending
on your network setup. The most common entry to modify is NH_TCPIP_METHOD.
2. Copy the NetHASP.ini file to the AutoCAD folder.
Example: C:\Program Files\AutoCAD
Example: C:\Program Files\Autodesk\AutoCAD
3. For CADWorx Design Review, copy the NetHASP.ini file to the [Product Folder]\Intergraph
CAS\CADWorx Design Review folder.
4. Start CAESAR II.

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 Licensing

Troubleshooting Network Locks

1. Verify that the NetHasp License Manager is running on the computer where the red network
ESL is attached.
2. Verify the protocols that NetHasp License Manager is broadcasting. Make sure that these
protocols are installed on the client computers.
3. Install and run the Monitor Utility. You can find the NetHASPMonitorSetup.exe located in the
analysis products' Assidrv folder. For CADWorx, you can find the
NetHASPMonitorSetup.exe in the [Product Folder]\Utilities. If NetHASP Monitor cannot find
the red network ESL, then CAESAR II cannot find the red network ESL.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 23

SECTION 3

Installation
Prior to installing CAESAR II, verify that your computer meets the required hardware and
software requirements. For more information, see Software and Hardware Requirements (page
12).
Inserting the CAESAR II installation DVD automatically opens a web page containing the
following options:
Install CAESAR II
Launches the main installation process, which installs CAESAR II, the HASP drivers, and all
associated documentation.
CAESAR II Information
Opens the CAESAR II Product Details page on the Hexagon CAS web site.
ReadMe File
Opens a PDF file detailing the changes made to this new version of CAESAR II, training
information, and customer support information.
License Agreement
Opens an RTF file containing the CAESAR II License Agreement.
Installation Instructions
Opens the CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide, a PDF file containing these instructions. This
guide can be opened directly from the DVD without installing the software.
HASP Network Licensing Overview
Opens a DOC file containing a summary of the Aladdin (SafeNet) HASP Licensing System.
HASP Trouble Shooting
Opens a DOC file containing troubleshooting procedures for issues with HASP licensing.

DVD Content
In addition, the DVD contains the following items:
Additional Installs
Displays options for installing HASP drivers and the Autodesk TrueView application.
Browse the DVD
Displays the DVD contents in Windows Explorer.
Additional Products
Displays additional Hexagon CAS products.
Contact Hexagon
Displays contact information for Hexagon CAS Support.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 24

 Installation

Services & Support

Training
Opens the CAESAR II Training page on the Hexagon CAS web site.
Smart Support
Opens the Smart Support web site.

Network Installations
The installation software treats a network drive like a local hard drive. Specify the target
installation drive and folder to install the software.
Some networks protect installation directories from subsequent modification by users. This
involves setting the access rights to the installation folder to read, share, and scan. Because
Hexagon CAS software uses data files specific to the installation (such as accounting files and
material files) that you may need to modify, these files cannot be installed in a typical
write-protected installation folder.
Therefore, CAESAR II installs these data files in a System subfolder, located in the following
location of your root folder based on your platform.
\Program Data\Intergraph CAS\CAESAR II\Version Number\System

 While you can revise the name of the software's installation folder when you install the
software, the CAESAR II SYSTEM subfolder name is fixed because it is automatically
created by the software. If you rename the CAESAR II SYSTEM subfolder, the software
does not run and generates an error report.
 The CAESAR II SYSTEM subfolder is not the primary, top-level SYSTEM folder that
contains the network operating system. Consult your system administrator for further
clarification.
After the software has been installed on the network drive, the installation software launches the
CAESAR II Configuration Editor, which generates a default configuration file.

In This Section
Install Prerequisites ....................................................................... 26
Install CAESAR II ........................................................................... 26
Install in Silent Mode ...................................................................... 28
Troubleshoot Installation................................................................ 30

CAESAR II Quick Reference 25

 Installation

Install Prerequisites
Install the following prerequisite software before installing CAESAR II.
 Adobe Reader 8.0 or greater
 Microsoft .NET Framework 4.7.2 or greater
CAESAR II no longer includes .NET with the product installer due to corporate
security requirements.
 Licensing:
 SmartPlant License Manager Client and Server 2012
-OR-
 Intergraph Smart® Licensing 2019
 You do not need licensing software if you are using a hardware-based
external software lock (ESL). For more information, see Licensing (page 19).
For complete installation and configuration instructions, see the documentation for each product.

Install CAESAR II

 Close all other software before running the CAESAR II installer. Most unsuccessful
installations are caused by other software running at the same time as the installer.
 The installation DVD is not readable in a CD drive.
1. Insert the CAESAR II DVD. If the DVD does not start automatically, double-click
CD_Main.html in the root folder of the DVD.
The CAESAR II setup page opens in your default internet browser.
2. Click Install CAESAR II.
3. Click Yes on the User Account Control dialog box.
The CAESAR II splash screen and then the Welcome page display.
4. Click Next.
5. On the License Agreement page, carefully read the license agreement.
6. Click I accept the terms in the license agreement, and then click Next.
7. On the Customer Information page, type information for User Name, Organization, and
Serial number. Hexagon CAS provides your serial number.
8. Click Next to continue.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 26

 Installation

The Setup Type dialog box displays.

9. Select the appropriate setup type, and click Next. In most cases, you want to select
Complete.
10. On the Destination Folder page, review the default folder path. If needed, click Change
and select the folder location. Click Next.
11. On the Select License Type page, select the needed license type: network ESL, local ESL,
or SPLM license. For more information, see Licensing (page 19).

12. On the Ready to Install the Program page, click Install to begin installing the client
software.
After a few moments, the CAESAR II Installer Information dialog displays.
13. Click Yes to install the FEATools Essentials applications.
The PRG Products for ICAS Essentials Setup dialog displays.
or
Click No to skip the FEATools Essentials installation and continue with the CAESAR II
installation. (Skip to step 20.)
14. Click Next on the Welcome page.
15. On the End-User License Agreement page, carefully read the license agreement.
16. Click I accept the terms in the license agreement, and then click Next.
17. On the Select Installation Folder page, review the installation folder path. If needed, click
Browse and select a new folder location. Click Next.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 27

 Installation

18. On the Ready to Install page, click Install to begin installing the client software.
The Installing PRG Products for ICAS Essentials dialog displays. As the installation
progresses, the status displays in a series of progress bars.
19. On the Select License Type page, select the needed license type: network ESL, local ESL,
or SPLM license. For more information, see Licensing (page 19).
20. Click Finish to exit the PRG Products for ICAS Essentials Setup installer.
The Installing CAESAR II dialog displays.
21. If an ESL license type was selected, the Aladdin device driver installation begins. Click OK
on each dialog box.
As the installation progresses, the status displays in a series of progress bars. The
CAESAR II Configuration Editor dialog box then displays.
22. Review the configuration options and make any needed changes.

23. Click Save and Exit to close the CAESAR II Configuration Editor and continue with
the installation.
For more information on the configuration options, see Configuration and
Environment in the CAESAR II User's Guide.
24. On the InstallShield Wizard Completed page, click Show the readme file to view
information about this version.
25. Click Finish to exit the installer.
26. Double-click the CAESAR II desktop icon or locate and click the version in the Windows
Start menu to open the software.

Install in Silent Mode

You can install and uninstall CAESAR II using a command line instead of the normal installer
interface. You can then perform an unattended installation without dialog boxes, such as when
performing a network installation or a corporate repackaging.
Use the following command-line arguments and parameters with Windows Installer
(msiexec.exe) and the CAESAR II setup (CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe) to perform a silent
installation of the product.
1. Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
The Command Prompt window opens.
2. Type the drive letter where the CAESAR II DVD is located. For example, type:
E:
3. Change the path to the CAESAR II folder where Setup.exe is located on the DVD. For
example, type:
cd CAESARII_2019
4. Type the installation command:
 For silent installation with English language and green ESL color, type:

CAESAR II Quick Reference 28

 Installation

CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe /s /v"/qn INSTALL_SILENT="Yes"

ESL_COLOR="Green" SERIALNUMBER="<serial number>""
 For silent installation with Red ESL color and ESL installed locally, type:
CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe /s /v"/qn INSTALL_SILENT="Yes"
ESL_COLOR="Red" ESL_ON_MACHINE="Yes" SERIALNUMBER="<serial
number>""
 For silent installation with SPLM, type:
CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe /s /v"/qn INSTALL_SILENT="Yes"
ESL_COLOR="SPLM" SERIALNUMBER="<serial number>""
 For silent installation with customized path, type:
CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe /s /v"/qn INSTALL_SILENT="Yes"
ESL_COLOR="SPLM" SERIALNUMBER="<serial number>"
INSTALLDIR=\"<path>""

Arguments
/s
Hide initialization dialog for a silent install
/v
Pass MSI commands
/qn
Perform silent installation with no user interface
/qb
Perform silent installation with interface notifications (however, no user interaction is
required)

Parameters for CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe

INSTALL_SILENT
Sets silent installation.
 Yes - Installation is silent.
 No - Normal installation dialog boxes display.
SERIALNUMBER
Specifies the product serial number provided to you by Intergraph CAS.
ESL_COLOR
Sets the ESL license type.
 Red - Network ESL
 Green - Local ESL
 SPLM - SmartPlant License Manager (no ESL)
ESL_ON_MACHINE

CAESAR II Quick Reference 29

 Installation

Identifies the ESL location.

Only use this parameter when the ESL_COLOR is Red.
 Yes - ESL is on the local machine.
 No - ESL is on the server.
INSTALLDIR
Sets the path from which to load the installation files.

 The general format of the command is:

CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe /s /v"/qn PROPERTY_NAME="value"
PROPERTY_NAME2="Value""
 For a complete list of command-line arguments for msiexec.exe, type the following in a
Command Prompt window: msiexec.exe /?
 For a complete list of command-line arguments for the CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe, type the
following in a Command Prompt window: CAESARII_2019_Setup.exe /?
You must type this command from the drive and path in which the setup is located.

Troubleshoot Installation
The following section details quick resolutions to CAESAR II installation issues.

Why do I get an error message saying CAESAR II cannot locate the configuration file when
I try to run CAESAR II?
The Windows 8 platform installs with .NET Framework 4.0 by default. However, CAESAR II
requires .NET Framework 3.5.1 to run. From Windows 8, you can enable .NET Framework 3.5.1
through the Control Panel.
You must have an Internet connection to enable .NET from the Windows Control
Panel.
To enable .NET Framework 3.5.1
1. Close CAESAR II.
2. From the Control Panel, click Programs.
3. In Programs and Features, click Turn Windows features on or off.
4. Select Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5.1 and click OK.
5. Run CAESAR II.

Why does the CAESAR II Configuration Editor not open?

Why does the Configuration Editor not save and close?
If the Configuration Editor does not open or will not save and close as it should, you should
look at your User Account Control (UAC) settings through the Windows Control Panel.
Decrease the level of your UAC notifications in the Control Panel>System and Security
settings.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 30

 Installation

Make sure that the CAESAR II system folder has read/write access for your user account.
In addition, verify that you have the system 32 path included in your Windows Environment
Variables.
To add the system 32 path to your Environment Variables
1. Close CAESAR II.
2. Right-click on Computer and select Properties>Advanced system settings.
3. From the Advanced tab, select Environment Variables.
4. Select Path in the System variables list and click Edit.
5. Add the following path to the Variable value and click OK.
c:\Windows\system32\;
6. Run CAESAR II.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 31

SECTION 4

Technical Information
The following technical information and standards are delivered in CAESAR II.

In This Section
External Interfaces ......................................................................... 32
Piping Codes ................................................................................. 33
Equipment Codes .......................................................................... 34
Wind and Seismic Codes............................................................... 35
Configuration Options .................................................................... 36
List of Materials .............................................................................. 47
Restraints ....................................................................................... 48
Intersection Types ......................................................................... 49
Node Locations on Bends.............................................................. 50

External Interfaces
Tools > External Interfaces transfers data between CAESAR II and other software packages.
The following interfaces are available:

CAESAR II Data Interfaces Notes

CAESAR II Neutral File Bi-directional

CAESAR II Data Matrix Import geometry only

MDB (Microsoft Access), TXT (Microsoft Excel

Data Export Wizard
compatible), and XML

CAD Interfaces Notes

Intergraph CADWorx Plant Bi-directional

CADPIPE Import CADPIPE neutral .UDE file

Intergraph Smart3D PCF Import Intergraph Smart3D PCF file

Intergraph PDS Import Intergraph PDS neutral .N file

PCF Import PCF file in Alias format

CAESAR II Quick Reference 32

 Technical Information

Analysis Interfaces Notes

LIQT Import dynamic pipe forces from LIQT (.frc)

AFT Impulse Import dynamic pipe forces from AFT Impulse (.frc)

PipeNet Import dynamic pipe forces from PipeNet (.frc)

PipePlus Import PipePlus neutral .PNF file

Flowmaster Import dynamic pipe forces from Flowmaster (.frc)

For more information, see External Interfaces in the CAESAR II User's Guide.

Piping Codes
CAESAR II supports the following piping codes.

Code Edition Issuance Date

ASME B31.1 July 20, 2018

ASME B31.3-2016, Chapter IX January 31, 2017

ASME B31.4-2016, Chapter IX, & Chapter XI March 31, 2016

ASME B31.5-2016 June 29, 2016

ASME B31.8-2016, Chapter VIII October 19, 2016

ASME B31.9-2014 April 28, 2014

2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section III (Class 2 &
July 1, 2009
3)

U.S. Navy, Section 505 1984

Canadian Z662-2015, Chapter 11 June 2015

BS 806: 1993 (Issue 1) September 1993

Swedish Method 1 & 2, 2nd Edition Stockholm 1979

ASME B31.1-1967 1967

Stoomwezen 1989

RCC-M C & RCC-M D 2007

CAESAR II Quick Reference 33

 Technical Information

Code Edition Issuance Date

CODETI November 2016

TBK 5-6 - Norwegian General Rules for Piping Systems 1999

FDBR July 1995

BS 7159:1989 October 1989

UKOOA 1994

IGE/TD/12 2003

DNVGL-ST-F101 December 2017

BS EN 13480 June 2017

GPTC Z380.1-2009 January 2009

BS PD 8010-1 & 2: 2004 July 31,2004

ISO 14692 2017

JPI-7S-77-10 (Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping) 2010

HPGSL/KHK (Seismic Design Guideline for High Pressure Gas

2012
Facilities)

Equipment Codes
CAESAR II supports the following equipment codes.

Code Edition Description Issuance Date

AISC Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel 1989

Buildings and Bridges

API 560, 5th Edition Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service February 2016

API 610, 11th Edition Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical, September 2010
and Natural Gas Industries

API 617, 8th Edition Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and September 2014
Expander-Compressors

CAESAR II Quick Reference 34

 Technical Information

API 661, 7th Edition Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Natural Gas August 2013
Industries--Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers

ASME B31G Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of October 2012
Corroded Pipelines

EN1591:2001+A1:20 Design rules for gasketed circular flange March 2009

09 connections

HEI, 8th Edition Standards for Closed Feedwater Heaters 2009

NEMA SM 23 Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service 1991

PD 5500, 5th Edition Specification for Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure September 2012
Vessels

WRC 107, Edition 2; Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells February 2002,
WRC 537 Edition 10 Due to External Loadings April 2011

WRC 297 Local Stresses in Cylindrical Shells Due to External September 1987
Loadings on Nozzles - Supplement to WRC Bulletin
No. 107 (Revision I)

Wind and Seismic Codes

CAESAR II supports the following wind codes.

Code Edition Description Issuance Date

ASCE 7-16 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other 2016
Structures

IBC 2012 International Building Code June 2011

NBC 2010 National Building Code of Canada November 2010

EN Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General April 2010

1991-1-4:2005 actions - Wind actions
+A1:2010

Mexico Complementary Technical Norms for Wind Resistant 1993

Design

GB 50009-2012 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures (Code 2012
of China)

NBR 6123 Brazilian Wind Code: Forces Due to Wind Buildings June 1988

CAESAR II Quick Reference 35

 Technical Information

IS 875(Part 3), Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than November 1998
2nd Revision Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures - Part 3: Wind
Loads

As/Nzs Australian/New Zealand Standard - Structural Design June 2002

1170.0:2002 Actions - Part 0: General Principals

BS 6399-2:1997 Load for Buildings: Code of Practice for Wind Loads July 1997

UBC 1997 Uniform Building Code, Volume 2 - Structural February 1997

Engineering Design Provisions

CAESAR II supports the following seismic codes.

Code Edition Description Issuance Date

ASCE 7-16 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other 2016
Structures

IBC International Building Code 2012

NBC National Building Code of Canada 2010(static)

CFE Sismo Seismic Code of Mexico 1993

UBC Uniform Building Code 1997

B31.1 App II Nonmandatory Appendix II - Rules for the Design of 2001

Safety Valve Installations

KHK (HPGSL) KHK Seismic Level 1 and 2 (Input Wizard) 2012

CAESAR II Quick Reference 36

 Technical Information

Configuration Options
Configure or Tools > Configure/Setup opens the Configuration Editor dialog box where
you set options in CAESAR II that control how the software performs analysis. The software
saves these options in the CAESAR.CFG file.

Computational Control
Convergence Tolerances Value Internal Index #

Decomposition Singularity Tolerance 1.00e+10 50

Friction Angle Variation 15.000 48

Friction Normal Force Variation 0.150 47

Friction Slide Multiplier 1.000 46

Friction Stiffness 1.00e+6 45

Rod Increment 2.000 58

Rod Tolerance 1.000 59

Input Spreadsheet Defaults Values Internal Index #

Alpha Tolerance 0.050 33

Coefficient of Friction 0.000 140

Default Rotational Restraint Stiffness 1.00e+12 99

Default Translational Restraint 1.00e+12 98

Stiffness

Hanger Default Restraint Stiffness 1.00e+12 49

Minimum Wall Tolerance (%) 12.500 107

New Job Ambient Temperature 70 135

New Job Bourdon Pressure None 136

CAESAR II Quick Reference 37

 Technical Information

Miscellaneous Value Internal Index #

Bend Axial Shape True 51

Ignore Spring Hanger Stiffness False 100

Include Insulation in Hydrotest False 147

Include Spring Hanger Stiffness in False 141

Hanger OPE Travel Cases

Incore Numerical Check False 60

Missing Mass ZPA Extracted 101

Use Pressure Stiffening on Bends Default 65

WRC-107 Interpolation Method Last Value 120

WRC-107 Version Mar '79 1B1/2B1 119

Database Definitions

Databases Value Internal Index #

Alternate CAESAR II Distributed Data Path <none> 123

Default Spring Hanger Table Anvil 112

Expansion Joints FLEXPATH.JHD 91

Load Case Template LOAD.TPL 142

Piping Size Specification ANSI 88

Structural Database AISC89 70

Units File Name ENGLISH.FIL 124

User Material Database Filename UMAT1.UMD 150

Valve/Flange Files Location Specs in CII, Data 149

in CW

Valves and Flanges CADWORX.VHD 90

CAESAR II Quick Reference 38

 Technical Information

ODBC Settings Value Internal Index #

Append re-runs to existing data False 126

Enable data export to ODBC compliant databases False 125

ODBC Database File Name <none> 127

FRP Properties

Material Properties Value Internal Index #

Axial Modulus of Elasticity 3200000.000 113

Axial Strain: Hoop Stress (Ea/Eh*Vh/a) 0.1527 115

FRP Alpha 12.0000 117

FRP Density 0.0600 118

FRP Laminate Type CSM and Multi-filament 116

FRP Property Data File CAESAR.FRP 122

Ratio Shear Modulus: Elastic Modulus 0.2500 114

Settings Value Internal Index #

BS 7159 Pressure Stiffening Design_Strain 121

Exclude F2 from UKOOA Bending Stress False 134

Use FRP Flexibilities True 111

Use FRP Sif True 110

CAESAR II Quick Reference 39

 Technical Information

Geometry Directives

Bends Values Internal Index #

Bend Length Attachment Percent 1.000 38

Maximum Allowable Bend Angle 95.000 37

Minimum Allowable Bend Angle 5.000 36

Minimum Angle to Adjacent Bend Point 5.000 39

Input Items Value Internal Index #

Auto Node Number Increment 10 109

Connect Geometry Through CNodes True 34

Horizontal Thermal Bowing Tolerance 0.0001 92

Loop Closure Tolerance 1.0000 in. 42

New Job Z-Axis Vertical False 129

Graphic Settings
The following are examples of the graphic color settings:

Advanced Options

Backplane Culling False

Culling Maximum Extent 5

Use Culling Frustrum True

CAESAR II Quick Reference 40

 Technical Information

Background Colors

Bottom Light Yellow (255, 255, 230)

Top Light Yellow (255,255, 230)

Use Uniform Background False

Color

CADWorx Options

Color - Ambient White (255, 255, 255)

Color - Face Dark Gray (95, 95, 95)

Color - Line Med Gray (160, 160, 160)

Color - Specular White (255, 255, 255)

Color - Transmission Black (17, 17, 17)

Gloss Value 1

Show Lines False

Show Model True

Use AutoCAD Colors False

Use Keyboard for False

Walkthrough

Component Colors

Anchor CNode Orange (255, 192, 87)

Anchors Red (255, 0, 0)

Expansion Joints Lime (0, 255, 0)

Flange Magenta (255, 0 ,255)

Hanger CNode Orange (255, 192, 87)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 41

 Technical Information

Component Colors

Hangers Purple (128, 0, 128)

Nozzle Limit Color 1 Red (255, 0, 0)

Nozzle Limit Color 2 White (255, 255, 255)

Nozzles Magenta (255, 0 ,255)

Pipes Light Blue (166, 202, 240)

Restraint CNode Orange (255, 192, 87)

Restraints Lime (0, 255, 0)

Rigids Lime (0, 255, 0)

Selection Yellow (255, 249, 0)

SIFs/Tees Magenta (255, 0, 255)

Steel Light Gray (192, 192, 192)

Marker Options

Marker Color Red (255, 0, 0)

Marker Size 25

Miscellaneous Options

Default Operator Zoom to Window

Default Project Mode Orthographic

Default Render Mode Phong Shaded

Default View SE Isometric

Disable Graphic Tooltip False

Bubble

Force Black and White True

Printing

CAESAR II Quick Reference 42

 Technical Information

Miscellaneous Options

Idle Processing Count 50

Optimal Frame Rate 10

Restore Previous Anchor True

Size

Restore Previous Hanger True

Size

Restore Previous Operator True

Restore Previous Projection True

Mode

Restore Previous Render True

Mode

Restore Previous Restraint True

Size

Restore Previous View True

Video Driver OpenGL

Output Colors

Actual Stress Settings

Level 1 Light Blue (166, 202, 240)

Level 2 Light Cyan (192, 220, 192)

Level 3 Green (0, 128, 0)

Level 4 Yellow (255, 255, 0)

Level 5 Maroon (255, 0, 0)

Level 6 Red (255, 0, 0)

Displaced Shape Olive (128, 128, 0)

Percent Stress Settings

Level 1 Light Blue (166, 202, 240)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 43

 Technical Information

Output Colors

Level 2 Light Cyan (192, 220, 192)

Level 3 Green (0, 128, 0)

Level 4 Yellow (255, 255, 0)

Level 5 Maroon (255, 0, 0)

Level 6 Red (255, 0, 0)

Text Options

Annotation Text Arial;18;(255, 0, 0)

Color Red (255, 0, 0)

Font Arial, 18 pt.

Legend Text Arial;12;(255, 0, 0)

Color Red (255, 0, 0)

Font Arial, 12 pt.

Node Text Arial;28;(255, 0, 0)

Color Red (255, 0, 0)

Font Arial, 28 pt.

Output Text Arial;12; (128, 0, 0)

Color Maroon (128, 0, 0)

Font Arial, 12 pt.

Rendered Mode Text Always False

Visible

Silhouette Mode Text Always True

Visible

CAESAR II Quick Reference 44

 Technical Information

Visual Options

Always Use System Colors True

Always Use System Fonts True

Axis Mode On

Fixed Size Restraint Size 6

Shadow Mode None

Show Bounding Box True

Smooth Transitions False

Used Fixed Size Restraints False

Visibility 50

Miscellaneous Options
The following are examples of miscellaneous settings:

Input Items Value Internal Index #

Disable Undo/Redo Ability False 128

Dynamic Example Input Text Max 94

Output Items Value Internal Index #

Displacement Reports Sorted by Nodes True 89

Output Reports by Load Case True 87

Output Table of Contents True 105

Time History Animation True 104

CAESAR II Quick Reference 45

 Technical Information

System Level Items Value Internal Index #

Memory Allocated (Mb) 32

User ID <none>

SIFs and STRESSES

Advanced Settings Value Internal Index #

Class 1 Branch Flexibility False 55

Use Schneider False 63

Use WRC 329 False 62

Code-Specific Settings Value Internal Index #

B31.1 Reduced Z Fix True 54

B31.1/B31.3 Verified Welding/Contour Tees False 139

B31.3 Implement Appendix P True 144

EN-13480/CODETI use In-Plane/Out-Plane SIF False 133

Ignore B31.1/B31.3 Wc Factor True 148

No Rft/Wlt in Reduced Fitting SIFs False 53

Occasional Load Factor 0.000 41

Pressure Variation in EXP Case Default 143

Reduced Intersection B31.1 (Post 1980) 32

General Settings Value Internal Index #

Add F/A in Stresses Default 67

Add Torsion in SL Stress Default 66

CAESAR II Quick Reference 46

 Technical Information

General Settings Value Internal Index #

All Cases Corroded False 35

Allow User's SIF at Bend False 52

Base Hoop Stress On ID 57

Default Piping Code B31.3 43

New Job Liberal Expansion Stress Allowable True 137

Use PD/4t False 64

Yield Stress Criterion Max3DShear 108

Legacy Settings Value Internal Index #

B31.3 Use SL Formulation Para 320 (2010) True 145

Include Axial Force in Expansion Stress Default 146

SIF Multiplier for Sustained Stress Index 0.000 40

List of Materials
The CAESAR II Material Table contains the following isotropic materials:

Pipe
Elastic Poisson's Density Temp. Range
Material No. Material Name Modulus Ratio lb./cu.in ºF

1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 to 1400

2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 to 1400

3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 to 1400

4 Low Chrome Moly Steel 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 to 1400

5 Med Chrome Moly Steel 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 to 1400

6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 to 1400

7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 to 1400

CAESAR II Quick Reference 47

 Technical Information

Pipe
Elastic Poisson's Density Temp. Range
Material No. Material Name Modulus Ratio lb./cu.in ºF

8 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 to 1400

9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 to 1400

10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 to 1000

11 Monel 67% Ni/30% Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 to 1400

12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 to 1400

13 Copper Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 to 1400

14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 to 600

15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32270 70 to 400

16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 to 1200

17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 to 1200

18 Cut short cold spring elements

19 Cut long cold spring elements

20 CAESAR II orthotropic material model (fiberglass-reinforced plastic pipe)

Default coefficient of expansion = 12.0 E-6 in./in./ºF

21 User-defined properties

100 and From the Material Database and include the allowable stress and other piping
above code data.

Restraints
CAESAR II stores information on the following restraints:

Restraint Type Abbreviation

Anchor A

Translational Double Acting X,Y, or Z

CAESAR II Quick Reference 48

 Technical Information

Restraint Type Abbreviation

Rotational Double Acting RX, RY, or RZ

Guide, Double Acting GUI

Double Acting Limit Stop LIM

Translational Double Acting Snubber XSNB, YSNB, ZSNB

Translational Directional +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z

Rotational Directional +RX, -RX, +RY, -RY, +RZ, -RZ

Directional Limit Stop +LIM, -LIM

Large Rotation Rod XROD, YROD, ZROD

Translational Double Acting Bilinear X2, Y2, Z2

Rotational Double Acting Bilinear RX2, RY2, RZ2

Translational Directional Bilinear +X2, -X2, +Y2, -Y2, +Z2, -Z2

Rotational Directional Bilinear -RX2, +RY2, - RY2, etc.

Bottom Out Spring XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR

Directional Snubber +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.

Intersection Types
CAESAR II uses the following intersection types:

Type B31.3 Type Notes Sketch

1 Reinforced Reinforced  Used to lower

Fabricated Tee SIFs
 Not a fitting
 Modified pipe

CAESAR II Quick Reference 49

 Technical Information

Type B31.3 Type Notes Sketch

2 Unreinforced Unreinforced  Routine

Fabricated Tee intersection
 Not a fitting
 Modified pipe
 Usually the
cheapest

3 Welded Tee Welding Tee  Usually

size-on-size
 Governed by
B16.9
 Usually the
lowest SIF
 Usually
expensive

4 Sweepolet Welded-in  "Sit-in" fitting

Contour Insert  Forged fittings on
a pipe

5 Weldolet Branch Welded  "Sit-on" fitting

on Fitting
 Forged fittings on
a pipe

6 Extruded Extruded  Seldom used

Welding Tee
 Used for thick
wall manifolds
 Extruded from
straight pipe

Node Locations on Bends

Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the element leaving the bend. The
actual bend curvature is always physically at the TO end of the element entering the bend.
 The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the element defining (entering)
the bend.
 The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 50

 Technical Information

 For stress and displacement output, the TO node of the element entering the bend is
located geometrically at the FAR point on the bend. The FAR point is at the weld line of the
bend and adjacent to the straight element leaving the bend.
 The NEAR point on the bend is at the weld line of the bend and adjacent to the straight
element entering the bend.
 The FROM point on the element is located at the NEAR point of the bend if the total length
of the element as specified in the DX, DY and DZ fields is equal to:
Radius ∗ tan( Beta / 2 )
where Beta is the bend angle and Radius is the bend radius of curvature to the bend
centerline.
 Nodes defined in the Angle # and Node # fields are placed at the given angle on the bend
curvature. The angle starts with zero degrees at the NEAR point on the bend and goes to
“Beta” degrees at the FAR point of the bend.
 Angles are always entered in degrees.
By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within five (5) degrees of one
another or within five degrees of the nearest end point. This and other bend settings may be
changed in the Configuration Editor. Click Configure or Tools > Configure/Setup.
For more information, see Configuration Options (page 36) and Geometry Directives (page
40).
 When the FROM node on the element entering the bend is not at the bend NEAR point, a
node may be placed at the NEAR point of the bend by entering an Angle # equal to 0.0
degrees. For more information, see the graphic below.
When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe spreadsheet, nodes are
automatically placed at the near and midpoint of the bend. The generated midpoint node
number is one less than the TO node number on the element, and the generated near point
node number is two less than the TO node number on the element. A near point should
always be included in the model in tight, highly formed piping systems. The top-left figure
below shows the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-right figure shows the
actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The bottom-left figure shows the same
geometry except that two nodes are defined on the bend curvature at angles of zero and
forty-five degrees.

For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, click Help > Animated Tutorials in the
main CAESAR II window.

CAESAR II Quick Reference 51

SECTION 5

Code Stresses
The following code stress values are supported by CAESAR II.

In This Section
Nomenclature ................................................................................ 52
US Code Stresses ......................................................................... 54
International Code Stresses .......................................................... 61
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Guide................................ 74

Nomenclature
Use the nomenclature definitions below throughout CAESAR II unless a code section
specifically provides a different definition.
Am - Cross-sectional metal area in the pipe.
B1 - Primary stress index (component specific)
B2 - Primary stress index (component specific)
Di - Internal diameter
Dm - Mean diameter
Do - Outer diameter
dT - Change in temperature
E - Elastic modulus
f - Cyclic reduction factor
F1 - Hoop stress design factor
Fax - Axial force
FAC - A unitless factor used for a number of purposes depending on the piping code. For more
information, see the CAESAR II User's Guide.
i - Stress intensification factor
ii - In-plane stress intensification factor
io - Out-of-plane stress intensification factor
ia - Axial stress intensification factor
it -Torsional stress intensification factor
I - Sustained moment index
Ii - Sustained in-plane moment index
Io - Sustained out-of-plane moment index
Ia - Sustained axial force index

CAESAR II Quick Reference 52

 Code Stresses

It - Sustained torsional moment index

k - Occasional load factor
Ma - Resultant moment due to weight and other sustained loadings
Mb - Resultant moment due to occasional loadings
Mc - Range of resultant moments due to expansion and displacement loadings
Mi - In-plane moment
Mo - Out-of-plane moment
Pi - Internal pressure
Pe - External pressure
R - Radius of pipe or bend
Sa - Axial stress
Sb - Bending stress
Sc - Cold allowable stress (ambient or reference temperature)
Se - Equivalent stress (von Mises or Tresca)
Sh - Hot allowable stress
Shoop - Hoop stress
Sl - Longitudinal stress
Slp - Longitudinal pressure stress
Ss - Tangential shear stress
St - Torsion stress
SU - Ultimate tensile strength
Sy - Yield stress
T - Temperature derating factor
tn - Nominal wall thickness
Z - Pipe section modulus
Ze - Effective section modulus for branch
α - Coefficient of thermal expansion
ν - Poisson’s ratio

CAESAR II Quick Reference 53

 Code Stresses

US Code Stresses
The US code-based stress equations and load case labels used by CAESAR II for actual and
allowable stresses are shown below.
The load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are usually sufficient for code
compliance. CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases. Occasional loads are
unknown in origin and you must specify them.

Code Equation Allowable Load Type

Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp

Slp = PDo / 4tn Code approximation

Slp = PDi2 / (Do2 - Di2) Code exact equation

(CAESAR II Default)

Operating Stress – unless otherwise specified

S = Slp + Fax/Am + Sb N/A

B31.1

Sl = Slp + 0.75iMa/Z < Sh SUS

Se = iMc/Z < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) - Sl] EXP

Slp + 0.75iMa / Z + 0.75iMb / Z < kSh OCC

B31.3

SL = [(Ia (|Slp + Fax / Ap|) +Sb)2 + 4St2]1/2 < Sh SUS

Where: < 1.33Sh OCC
Sb = [(liMi)2 + (loMo)2]1/2 / Z
Where:
Z is the corroded section modulus
For reduced outlet
connections, use Ze instead of Z if you do
not specify bending in/out-plane SIFs (ii
and io) or index (li and lo). Use Z if you
specify bending in/out-of-plane SIFs or
index.
St = ltMt / 2Z

CAESAR II Quick Reference 54

 Code Stresses

Code Equation Allowable Load Type

Se = [(|iaFax/Ap| +Sb)2 + 4St2]1/2 < f [1.25(Sc + Sh) - SL] EXP

Sb = [(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2 / Z
Where:
Z is the section modulus computed from
nominal dimensions (not corroded).
For reduced outlet
connections, use Ze instead of Z if you do
not specify bending in/out-plane SIFs (ii
and io) or index (li and lo). Use Z if you
specify bending in/out-of-plane SIFs or
index.
St = itMt / 2Z

B31.3 Chapter IX

SL = [(Ia (|Slp + Fax / Ap|) +Sb)2 + 4St2]1/2 < Sh SUS

Where: < 1.2Sh OCC
Sb = [(liMi)2 + (loMo)2]1/2 / Z
Where:
Z is the corroded section modulus
For reduced outlet
connections, use Ze instead of Z if you do
not specify bending in/out-plane SIFs (ii
and io) or index (li and lo). Use Z if you
specify bending in/out-of-plane SIFs or
index.
St = ltMt / 2Z

Se = [(ia (|Slp + Fax / Ap|) +Sb)2 + 4St2]1/2 < 1.25Sc + 0.25 Sh EXP
Sb = [(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2 / Z
Where:
Z is the section modulus computed from
nominal dimensions (not corroded).
For reduced outlet
connections, use Ze instead of Z if you do
not specify bending in/out-plane SIFs (ii
and io) or index (li and lo). Use Z if you
specify bending in/out-of-plane SIFs or
index.
St = itMt / 2Z

CAESAR II Quick Reference 55

 Code Stresses

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

Sl =[B1PmaxDo / 2tn] + B2Ma / Z < 1.5Sh SUS

Se =iMc/Z < f(1.25Sc + 0.25Sh) + (Sh - EXP

Sl)

B1Slpmax + B2(Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.8Sh and < 1.5Sy OCC

B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505

Sl = Slp + (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < Sh SUS

Se = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25Sc + 0.25Sh +(Sh – Sl)] EXP

Slp + (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < kSh OCC

B31.4

Fully Restrained Pipe (B31.4/R)

Hoop: < 0.72 ESy SUS, OPE,

Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t ≥ 20) (where E is the weld joint OCC
factor)
or
Shoop = Pi (D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20)

Expansion: SE = Eα(T1 − T2) < 0.9 Sy EXP

Longitudinal: < 0.9 Sy SUS, OPE,

SL = SE + νSH + Sb+ Fa/A OCC
where
Sb = [(Mi2 + Mo2)1/2]/Z

Equivalent Combined: < 0.9 Sy SUS, OCC,

Seq = [(SL − SH)2 + 4St2]1/2 OPE
or
Seq = (SH2 − SHSL + SL2 + 3St2)1/2
where
St = Mt/2Z

Fully Above Ground, Unrestrained Pipe (B31.4/U)

Hoop: < 0.72 ESy SUS, OCC,

Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t ≥ 20) (where E is the weld joint HYD
factor)
or
<0.90Sy when defined as
Shoop = Pi (D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20) Hydro (HYD)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 56

 Code Stresses

Expansion: ≤ f[1.25(Sc + Sh) - SL] EXP

SE = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
Sc and Sh are
where
2/3Sy.
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
St = Mt/2Z

Longitudinal: < .75Sy SUS, OCC,

SL = PiD/4t + Sb + Fa/A HYD
< .80Sy when defined as
where
Occasional (OCC)
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z

Equivalent Combined Not used

Riser and Platform for Inland Waterways (B31.4/W)

Hoop: < 0.6 ESy SUS, OCC,

Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t ≥ 20) (where E is the weld joint HYD
factor)
or
<0.90Sy when defined as
Shoop = Pi (D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20) Hydro (HYD)

Expansion: < 0.8 Sy EXP

SE = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
St = Mt/2Z

Longitudinal: < 0.8 Sy SUS, OCC,

SL = PiD/4t + Sb + Fa/A HYD
< 0.90Sy when defined as
where
Occasional (OCC)
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z

Equivalent Combined Not used

When more than one stress evaluation is used, such as checking both hoop stress
and longitudinal stress, CAESAR II reports the stress pair producing the largest calculated
stress/allowable stress ratio.

B31.4 Chapter IX (Offshore)

Hoop: < F1Sy OPE, SUS,

OCC
Shoop = (Pi – Pe )D/2t (for D/t ≥ 20)

or < 0.9Sy HYD

Shoop = (Pi – Pe )(D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 57

 Code Stresses

Longitudinal: < 0.8Sy OPE, SUS,

OCC
SL = Slp + Sb +Fa/A

where < 0.9Sy HYD

Slp = (PiRi2 - PeRo2)/(Ro2 - Ri2)
Sb = [(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2/Z

Equivalent Combined: < 0.9Sy OPE, SUS,

OCC, HYD
Seq = [(SL – SH)2 + 4St2]1/2
or
Seq = (SH2 - SHSL + SL2 + 3St2)1/2
where
St = Mt/2Z

When more than one stress evaluation is used, such as checking both hoop stress
and longitudinal stress, CAESAR II reports the stress pair producing the largest calculated
stress/allowable stress ratio.

B31.4 Chapter XI (Slurry Pipes)

Fully Restrained Pipe (B31.4 Ch XI/R)

Hoop: < 0.80 ESy SUS, OCC,

Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t ≥ 20) (where E is the weld joint OPE
factor)
or
Shoop = Pi (D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20)

Expansion: < 0.9 Sy EXP

SE = Eα(T1 − T2)

Longitudinal: < 0.9 Sy SUS, OPE,

SL = SE + νSH + Sb+ Fa/A OCC
< 0.88 Sy when defined as
where
Occasional (OCC)
Sb = [(Mi2 + Mo2)1/2]/Z

Equivalent Combined: < 0.9 Sy SUS, OCC,

Seq = [(SL − SH)2 + 4St2]1/2 OPE
or
Seq = (SH2 − SHSL + SL2 + 3St2)1/2
where
St = Mt/2Z

CAESAR II Quick Reference 58

 Code Stresses

Fully Above Ground, Unrestrained Pipe (B31.4 Ch XI/U)

Hoop: < 0.80 ESy SUS, OCC,

Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t ≥ 20) (where E is the weld joint HYD
factor)
or
<0.90Sy when defined as
Shoop = Pi (D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20) Hydro (HYD)

Expansion: ≤ f[1.25(Sc + Sh) - SL] EXP

SE = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
Sc and Sh are 2/3Sy
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
St = Mt/2Z

Longitudinal: < .75Sy SUS, OCC,

SL = PiD/4t + Sb + Fa/A HYD
< .88Sy when defined as
where
occasional (OCC)
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z

Equivalent Combined Not used

When more than one stress evaluation is used, such as checking both hoop stress
and longitudinal stress, CAESAR II reports the stress pair producing the largest calculated
stress/allowable stress ratio.

B31.5

Sl = Slp + Fax/Am +Sb < Sh SUS

(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) – Sl] EXP

Fax/Am + Sb + Slp < kSh OCC

Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2} / Z

B31.8

Restrained Pipe

Longitudinal:

SL = Slp + Sb + Sa < 0.9TSy SUS, OPE,

OCC

CAESAR II includes the thermal effect

in Sa

CAESAR II Quick Reference 59

 Code Stresses

Equivalent Combined:

Seq = max[ |Shoop - SL| , |Shoop| , |SL| ] < 0.9TSy SUS, OPE

< kTSy OCC

or

Seq = (SL2 - SLShoop + Shoop2)1/2 < 0.9TSy SUS, OPE

< kTSy OCC

The equivalent combined stress is valid for straight sections of pipe

only.

Unrestrained Pipe

Longitudinal:

SL = Slp + Sb + Sa < 0.75TSy SUS, OCC

< 0.75Sy HYD

Expansion:

SE = ME/Z < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) - SL] EXP

where
Sc = 0.33SU
Sh = 0.33TSU

Where:
Shoop = PDo/2t

Slp = 0.3Shoop Restrained Pipe

Slp = 0.5Shoop Unrestrained Pipe

Sa = Fax/Am
Mb = [(0.75iiMi)2+(0.75ioMo)2]1/2
MR = [(0.75iiMi)2+(0.75ioMo)2 + Mt2]1/2

Sb = Mb/Z Straight pipe

Sb = MR/Z Fittings and components

ME = [(iiMi)2+(ioMo)2 + Mt2]1/2

CAESAR II Quick Reference 60

 Code Stresses

B31.8 Chapter VIII

Hoop Stress: < F1SyT OPE, SUS,

OCC
Shoop = (Pi – Pe)D/2t

Longitudinal: |SL| < 0.8Sy OPE, SUS,

OCC
SL = SLP + Fax/AM + Sb
Where:
SLP = (Pi * Ri2 - Pe * Ro2) / (Ro2 - Ri2)
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z

Equivalent: < 0.9Sy OPE, SUS,

OCC
Se = 2{[(SL – Shoop)/2]2 + Ss2}1/2

Where:
F1 = Hoop Stress Design Factor (Table A842.22)
T = Temp. Derating Factor (Table 841.116A)

The Temperature Derating Factor (T) value must be typed in the SH field in the
CAESAR II Input.

GPTC

Slp + 0.75iMa / Z < Sy OPE

Slp + Sb < 0.75SyFt SUS

(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < 0.72Sy EXP

CAESAR II Quick Reference 61

 Code Stresses

International Code Stresses

The international code-based stress equations and load case labels used by CAESAR II for
actual and allowable stresses are shown below.
The load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are usually sufficient for code
compliance. CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases. Occasional loads are
unknown in origin and you must specify them.

Code Equation Allowable Load Type

Stoomwezen

Slp + 0.75iMa / Z <f SUS

iMC / Z < fe EXP

Slp + 0.75i(Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.2f OCC

CODETI

Sl = Slp + 0.75iMA / Z < Sh SUS

iMC / Z < f[1.25Sc + 0.25Sh]Eh/Ec EXP

Slp + 0.75iMA / Z + 0.75iMB / Z < kSh OCC

Alternate Method: Config switch set to TRUE.

Sl = Slp + Fax/Am + Sb < Sh SUS

(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25(Sl + Sh) – Sl EXP

Slp + Fax/Am + Sb < kSh OCC

Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2} / Z

Click Configure or Tools > Configure/Setup to select the method.

Canadian Z662

Fully restrained pipe (FAC = 1.0)

Sh - SL < 0.9ST OPE

This only applies if SL is negative
(compression)
Where:
S = specified minimum yield strength

CAESAR II Quick Reference 62

 Code Stresses

Code Equation Allowable Load Type

T = temperature factor (Table 4.4)
Sh = PDo/2tcor hoop stress
Where:
P = design pressure
Do = outside diameter of pipe
tcor = corroded pipe wall thickness

SL = νSh - ECα(T2-T1) longitudinal stress

Where:
ν = Poisson’s ratio
EC = elastic modulus at ambient temperature
α = thermal expansion coefficient
T2-T1 = temperature range between cold and hot conditions

Buried pipe with soil restraints modeled (FAC = 0.001)

Sh – SL + SB < ST OPE
Where:
SB = iMb/Z bending stress
Where:
i = stress intensification factor
Mb = resultant bending moment
Z = (π/64)(Do4-Di4)/0.5Do section
modulus
Di = inside pipe diameter (nominal)

Fully above ground (FAC = 0.0)

|Slp+Fax/Am|+SB+Sh < ST OPE

Where:
Slp = PDi2/(Do2 – Di2) longitudinal pressure
stress
Fax = axial force
Am = metal cross-sectional area

SE = (SB2 + 4St2)1/2 < 0.72ST EXP

Where:
St = Mt/2Z torsion stress
Mt is the torsion moment

0.5Sh + Sb < SFLT OCC

CAESAR II Quick Reference 63

 Code Stresses

Code Equation Allowable Load Type

Where:
Sb = bending stress due to sustained and occasional loading combined
F = design factor (0.800)
L = location factor (Table 4.2)

Canadian Z662 Chapter 11

σh = (Pi – Pe)Do/2tmin < SyFAT OPE, SUS,

OCC

Seq = (σh2 + Sl2 - σhSl + 3τ2)1/2 < SyFBT OPE, SUS,

OCC
CAESAR II reports the largest of
the above two stresses only.

Where:
Seq = Equivalent Stress (commonly referred to as Von Mises stress)
σh = Hoop stress
Sl = (Pi * Ri2 - Pe * Ro2) / (Ro2 - Ri2)
The hoop stress used in the equivalent stress equation is based on nominal pipe wall
thickness, but the hoop stress used in the separate code stress comparison is based on
minimum wall thickness.
Pi = Internal pressure
Pe = External hydrostatic pressure
Do = Outside pipe diameter
tmin = Minimum pipe wall thickness accounting for corrosion allowance and manufacturing
tolerances
Sy = Specified minimum yield strength
FA = Design factor (Table 11.1, column A)
FB = Design factor (Table 11.1, column B)
T = Temperature factor (Table 4.4)

Sl = σax ± σb longitudinal stress

Both resultant Sl values must be considered in the equivalent stress formula and the
largest resultant equivalent stress used.
Where:
σax = (Pi * Ri2 - Pe * Ro2) / (Ro2 - Ri2) axial stress
The software subtracts the Fax / Am term if the evaluation is being done on the From
node and adds the term if the evaluation is being performed on the To node. Retain the sign of

CAESAR II Quick Reference 64

 Code Stresses

Code Equation Allowable Load Type

the term prior to adding or subtracting it.
Where:
Di = inside diameter of the pipe (not corroded)
Fax = axial force due to all operating loads
Am = metal cross sectional area
σb = SIF(Mb/Z) bending stress
Where:
SIF = stress intensification factor
Mb = resultant bending moment
Z = (π/64)(Do4 – Di4)/Ro pipe section modulus

τ = Mt/2Z torsion stress

Where:
Mt = torsion moment

Norwegian

SI = PDi2/Eff(Do2 – Di2) + 0.75Ma/Z < Sh SUS

iMC / Z < Sh + Sr - Sl EXP

PmaxDi2/(Eff(Do2 – Di2) + 0.75i(Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.2Sh OCC

Where:
Sr = min(1.25Sc + .25Sh, FrRs – F2)
or The latter applies to temps > 370 C; 425 C for
Austenitic stainless steel
Fr(1.25R1 + 0.25R2)

Fr = Cyclic Reduction Factor

Rs = Permissible stress for 7000 cycles
R1 = Min(Sc, 0.267Rm)
R2 = Min(Sh, 0.367Rm)
Rm = Ultimate tensile strength at room temp

CAESAR II Quick Reference 65

 Code Stresses

FDBR

Sl = Slp + 0.75iMA / Z < Sh SUS

iMC / Z < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) – Sl] EXP

Slp + 0.75iMA / Z + 0.75iMB / Z < kSh OCC

BS 806

Straight Pipe

fc= sqrt(F2 + 4fs2) < SAOPE

< SASUS
< SAEXP

fs = Mt(d + 2t) / 4I
F = max (ft, fL)
ft= pd/2t + 0.5p
fL= pd2/[4t(d + t)] + (d + 2t)[sqrt(mi2 + mo2)] / 2I

Bends

fc= sqrt(F2 + 4fs2) < SAOPE

< SASUS
< SAEXP

fs = Mt (d + 2t) /4I
F = max (ft, fL)
ft = r/I * sqrt[(miFTi)2 + (moFTo)2]
fs = r/I * sqrt[(miFLi)2 + (moFLo)2]

Branch Junctions

fcb = q * sqrt[fb2 + 4fsb2] < SAOPE

< SASUS
< SAEXP

fb = (d + t)*p*m/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miFTL)2 +
(moFTO)2]
Fsb = Mt (d + 2t) / 4I
q = 1.0 except for operating cases
q = 5 or .44 bases on d2/d1 ratio in operating
cases
m = geometric parameter

CAESAR II Quick Reference 66

 Code Stresses

SA = min[(H*Sproof ambient + H*Sproof design) EXP

-or-
(H*Sproof ambient + F)]

SA = Savg rupture at design temperature OPE

SA = min[.8*Sproof, Screep rupture] SUS

BS 7159

If Sx is tensile:

(Sx2 + 4Ss2)1/2 < Sh OPE

(Sφ2+ 4Ss2)1/2 < EffSh OPE

If Sx is compressive:

< EffSh OPE

|Sx| < 1.25Sh OPE

Where:
Sx = PDm / 4t + [(ixiMi)2 + (ixoMo)2]1/2 / Z
Ss = Sx – Fx / A
If Fx / A > PDm / 4t, and it is compressive:
Sφ= MPDm / 2t For Straight Pipe
Sφ = MPDm / 2t + [(iφiMi)2 +(iφoMo)2]1/2 / Z For Bends
Sφ= MPDm / 2t + [(ixiMi)2 + (ixoMo)2]1/2 / Z For Tees
Dm and t are always for the run pipe
Eff = Eφ/ Exff

UKOOA

σab(f2/r) + PDm / 4t < f1f2LTHS / 2.0 OPE

Where:
σab = Axial Bending Stress due to mechanical loads
f1 = Factor of Safety for 97.5% confidence limit, usually 0.85
f2 = System factor of safety, usually 0.67
r = σa(0:1) / σa(2:1)
σa(0:1) = Long-term Axial Tensile Strength in absence of pressure load
σa(2:1) = Long-term Axial Strength under only pressure loading

CAESAR II Quick Reference 67

 Code Stresses

LTHS = Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (hoop stress allowable)

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: Sh < nsSMYS OPE, SUS,

OCC

Hoop Stress: Sh < nuSMTS OPE, SUS,

OCC

Longitudinal Stress: SL < nSMYS OPE, SUS,

OCC

Equivalent Stress: Se < nSMYS OPE, SUS,

OCC

Where:
Sh = (Pi – Pe)(D-t)/2t
ns = Hoop Stress Usage Factor (Tables C1 and C2)
nu = Hoop Stress Bursting Factor (Tables C1 and C2)
SMYS = Specified Minimum Yield Stress at Operating Temp.
SMTS = Specified Minimum Tensile Strength at Operating Temp.
SL = Max. Longitudinal Stress
SL = SLP + Fax / Am ± Sb
SLP = (Pi * Ri2 - Pe * Ro2) / (Ro2 - Ri2)
Sb = iMb/Z
Mb - Resultant bending moment
n = Equiv. Stress Usage Factor (Table C4)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 – ShSL + 3t2]1/2
t = Shear stress + Torsion stress

EN-13480

Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z < ff SUS

Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z + iMc/Z < ff+fa EXP

Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z + 0.75iMB/Z < kff OCC

Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z + 0.75iMC/3Z < fCR CRP

Alternate Option:

Pcdo/4en + SbA < ff SUS

CAESAR II Quick Reference 68

 Code Stresses

Pcdo/4en + SbA + SbC < ff+fa EXP

Pcdo/4en + SbA + SbB < kff OCC

Pcdo/4en + SbA + SbC/3 < fCR CRP

Where:

SbA = [(iiMi)2+(ioMo)2]1/2 / Z Due to primary loads

SbC is defined as SbA, except that it uses the range of resultant moments due to thermal
expansion.

SbB is defined as SbA, except that it uses moments due only to occasional loading.

en = Nominal wall thickness.

ff, fCR = Hot allowable stress.

fa = Allowable stress range.

MA = Resultant moment from weight and other sustained mechanical loadings (SUS)

MC = Resultant moment from thermal expansion and alternating loadings (EXP)

HPGSL and JPI

Sl = Slp + Sb + Fax/Am < Sh SUS

(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2 < f[1.25(Sc + Sh) – Sl] EXP

Slp + Sb + Fax/Am < kSh OCC

Sl = Sb + Fax/Am <S K1P

< 2S K2P

SE = [(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2 + (Mt)2]1/2 / Z < 2 Sy K1SR,

K2SA

< 4 Sy K2L, K2SR

S is defined by the following criteria:

For aluminum alloy and 9% nickel steel at or S is the minimum value of the following:
under room temperature
(1) 0.6SU
(2) 0.9Sy

For austenitic stainless steel and high nickel S is the minimum value of the following:
alloy steels at or over room temperature

CAESAR II Quick Reference 69

 Code Stresses

(1) 0.6SUo (3) 0.9Syo

(2) 0.6SU (4) Sy

For other materials or temperatures S is the minimum value of the following:

(1) 0.6SUo (3) 0.9Syo
(2) 0.6SU (4) 0.9Sy

Unspecified S is 0

Where:
Sc = Ambient (cold) Allowable Stress, the minimum of 0.66Syc or 0.33Suc
Sh = Hot Allowable Stress, the minimum of 0.66Sy or 0.33Su
Sb = bending stress, defined as (iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2 / Z
SU = Tensile strength of material at design temperature
SUo = Minimum tensile strength at room temperature
Sy = Yield strength or 0.2% endurance strength at design temperature
Syo = Minimum yield strength or 0.2% endurance strength at room temperature

PD8010 Part 1

Hoop Stress: Sh < eSy OPE, SUS,

OCC

Equivalent Stress: Se < 0.9Sy OPE, SUS,

OCC

Where:
Sy = Specified min yield strength
e = Weld joint factor
Sh = P(Do2 + Di2)/(Do2 - Di2)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 – ShSL + 3St2]1/2
St = MT/2Z + 2Fs/A
MT= Torsional moment
Fs = Shear force
Unrestrained:
SL = Slp +iM/Z
Restrained:
FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained):
SL = νSh - EαdT
FAC = 0.001 (Buried w/soil restraints):

CAESAR II Quick Reference 70

 Code Stresses

SL = Fax/Am +Sh(1-ν) + Sb

PD8010 Part 2

Hoop Stress: Sh < fdhSy OPE, SUS,

OCC

Equivalent Stress: Se < fdeSy OPE, SUS,

OCC

Where:
fdh = Hoop stress design factor per Table 2.
fde = Equivalent stress design factor per Table 2.
Sh = (Pe-Pi)(Do2 + Di2)/(Do2-Di2)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 – ShSL + 3St2]1/2
St = Mt/2Z + iM/Z
SL = Slp + iM/Z

RCC-M C&D

Slp + 0.75iMa/Z < Sh SUS

iMC/Z < f[1.25(Sc+Sh) – Sl] EXP

Slpmax + 0.75i(Ma+Mb)/Z < 1.2Sh OCC

ISO 14692 2005

ISO 14692 2005 requires that the sum of all hoop stresses (σh, sum) and the sum of all axial
stresses (σa, sum) be evaluated for all states of the piping system. CAESAR II evaluates these
stresses for stress types OPE, SUS, and OCC. If the hoop stress is exceeded, the axial stress is
not reported.

Pipe:
Fully Measured Envelope: (σhl(1,1) and σal(1,1) input)

If:
σh,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σhl(2,1)
and if:
σh,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σhl(1,1)
then use:
σa,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σal(0,1) + [(σal(1,1) – σal(0,1))/σhl(1,1)] (σh,sum
)

CAESAR II Quick Reference 71

 Code Stresses

If:
σh,sum ≥ f2A1A2A3σhl(1,1)
then use:
σa,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σal(1,1)+{[σal(2,1) –
σal(1,1)]/[σhl(2,1)-σhl(1,1)]}[σh,sum–f2A1A2A3σhl(1,1)]

Simplified Envelope: (σhl(1,1) and σal(1,1) not input)

σh,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σhl(2,1)
and
σa,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σal(0,1) + [σal(2,1) – σal(0,1)]σh,sum/σhl(2,1)

Joints and Bends:

Simplified Envelope (r ≤ 1):
σh,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σqs
and
σa,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3rσqs / 2 + (1-r)σh,sum / 2

Joints and Bends:

Rectangular Envelope (r ≥ 1):
σh,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σqs
and
σa,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3rσqs / 2

Tees:
Rectangular Envelope (r = 1):
σh,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σqs
and
σa,sum ≤ f2A1A2A3σqs / 2

Where:
f2 = Part Factor for Loading (default values listed from Table 3)
0.89 for Occasional Short-Term Loads
0.83 for Sustained Loads Including Thermal Loads
0.67 for Sustained Loads Excluding Thermal Loads
A1 = Partial Factor for Temperature
A2 = Partial Factor for Chemical Resistance

CAESAR II Quick Reference 72

 Code Stresses

A3 = Partial Factor for Cyclic Service

σqs = Qualified Stress (entered for bends, fittings, and joints)
σal(0,1) = Long-Term Axial Strength at 0:1 Stress Ratio
σal(1,1) = Long-Term Axial Strength at 1:1 Stress Ratio
σhl(1,1) = Long-Term Hoop Strength at 1:1 Stress Ratio
σal(2,1) = Long-Term Axial Strength at 2:1 Stress Ratio
σhl(2,1) = Long-Term Hoop Strength at 2:1 Stress Ratio
r = Bi-Axial Stress Ratio 2σal(0,1)/σqs (for simplified and rectangular envelopes)
σa,sum = Sum of All Axial Stresses {(σap + σab)2 + 4ξ2}1/2
σh,sum = Sum of All Hoop Stresses [σh2 + 4ξ2]1/2
σap = Axial Pressure Stress
σab = Axial Bending Stress
ξ = Torsion Stress
σh = Hoop Stress

ISO 14692 2017

Hoop stress:
σh,sum = σhp + σhu
σhp = PDm/2tn
σhu = rcDfEhb(∆y/Dm)(tn/Dm) Ring bending. For buried pipe only.

Where:
rc = Rerounding coefficient
For P ≤ 3: rc = 1 - P/3
For P > 3: rc = 0

CAESAR II Quick Reference 73

 Code Stresses

Axial stress:
σa,sum = σap ± σab + σaf ± σac + σat

σap = PDm/4tn For a closed, unrestrained pipe

σap = ν(P*Dm/2tn) For an axially restrained pipe

σab = [(SIFaiMi)2 + (SIFaoMo)2]1/2/Zr

Zr = ( Π/32)[(D4o - D4i)/Do]

σaf = Fax/Ar = Fax/[Π/4)(D2o - D2i)]

σac = (Do/2C)/E
Where C = Curve radius

σat = α(Tinstall - Tdesign)E

CAESAR II Verification and Validation Guide

The CAESAR II Verification and Validation Guide is a publicly available verification document.
This manual briefly discusses current industry QA standards, the Hexagon CAS QA standard, a
series of benchmark tests, and instructions for implementing QA procedures on your own
hardware.
The benchmark test compares analysis results to published data by ASME and the NRC.
Additional tests compare CAESAR II results to other industry software.
For additional information on the manual, contact the sales department at
[email protected].

CAESAR II Quick Reference 74

Index

A N
Additional Intergraph CAS Software • 13 NetHASP License Manager / NETHASP.INI
Instructions • 21
C Node Locations on Bends • 50
Nomenclature • 52
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Notes on Network ESLs • 21
Guide • 74
Code Stresses • 52
Computational Control • 37 O
Configuration Options • 37 Overview • 12
Customer Support • 14
P
D Piping Codes • 33
Database Definitions • 38
R
E Restraints • 48
Equipment Codes • 34
ESL Installation • 20 S
External Interfaces • 32
Seminars • 13
Shortcut Keys • 15
F SIFs and STRESSES • 46
FRP Properties • 39 Software and Hardware Requirements • 12

G T
Geometry Directives • 40 Technical Information • 32
Graphic Settings • 40 Troubleshoot Installation • 30
Troubleshooting Network Locks • 23
I
Install a local lock • 20 U
Install a network lock • 20 US Code Stresses • 54
Install CAESAR II • 26
Install in Silent Mode • 28 W
Install Prerequisites • 26
Installation • 24 What's New in CAESAR II • 6
International Code Stresses • 62 Wind and Seismic Codes • 35
Intersection Types • 49

L
Licensing • 19
List of Materials • 47

M
Miscellaneous Options • 45

CAESAR II Quick Reference 75