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World Issues Final Exam Review

The document outlines various geography-related topics including the concepts of space and place, geographic inquiry, world issues, and population dynamics. It covers the demographic transition model, migration factors, climate change, globalization, and the geography of resources. Additionally, it discusses the implications of population growth, resource management, and the roles of world organizations in addressing global challenges.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
23 views7 pages

World Issues Final Exam Review

The document outlines various geography-related topics including the concepts of space and place, geographic inquiry, world issues, and population dynamics. It covers the demographic transition model, migration factors, climate change, globalization, and the geography of resources. Additionally, it discusses the implications of population growth, resource management, and the roles of world organizations in addressing global challenges.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Topics

●​ What is Geography
○​ Be able to explain the difference between Space and Place
Place is made of 3 main parts : Spatial forms and interactions (how things are
organized and how they interact i.e. people at the beach), Human environment
and interaction (the mutual effects between humans and the environment),
Regions (functions in relation to location i.e. groupings of similar physical
characteristics).
Place is space with content. Content gives space meaning.

○​ What is a World Issue


Significant problem or challenge that affects people globally or across multiple
regions and nations.

●​ Geographic Inquiry
○​ Understand types of Questions (Question builder chart)

Ask geographic questions


1.​ Where are things?
2.​ How do things change between here and there?
3.​ Why does this thing change between here and there?
4.​ What is the result of this thing changing between here and there?
Acquire geographic questions
5.​ What info will you need to answer your question? Consider geography,
time frame and subject
6.​ Geographic focus of your research (scale)? Are you looking for country
wide data? Or comparing countries?
7.​ Time period?
Explore geographic data
8.​ Turn raw data into maps, tables and charts
Anyalyze geographic data
9.​ Focusing On Information That Answers Your Question, Highlighting Key
Comparisons/Relationships, Predicting, and Drawing Conclusions.
10.​Act Upon Geographic Knowledge → Putting A Plan Into Action Based On
Conclusions. Will Lead To More Research And New Questions, Leading
The Cycle To Repeat.
●​ Ranking of Countries / Regions / Country Statistics Definitions / HDI
○​ How do we rank countries
○​ What is HDI?

●​ Wants vs. Needs & World Resources


○​ Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs
A pyramid of the needs that motivate people. Individuals' most basic needs, at
the base of the pyramid, are physiological. Once they have fulfilled these needs,
people move on to their safety needs, social well-being, self-esteem then
ultimately their need for self-actualization.

○​ What are Natural Resources - Types of Resources


●​ Found in nature that are valuable
2 Types :
●​ Renewable Resource → Resources that can be regenerated if used carefully
●​ Non - Renewable Resource → Resources that are limited and can’t be replaced after
used (oil)
●​ Flow Resource → Resource that's not renewable or non renewable but has to be used
when and where it occurs (sunlight).

○​ Be able to discuss how we assign value to resources


●​ World View Readings
○​ What does it mean to be a Happy Nation? Usually means that the majority of the
citizens experience a high level of well being, satisfaction, and quality of life.
○​ Key characteristics:
-​ Strong social support by families, communities
-​ Good governance
-​ Economic stability
-​ Freedom and equality
-​ High levels of Health and well being
-​ Education and opportunities
-​ Environmental Quality
-​ Overall life satisfaction
○​ How can traditional societies deal with ideals of alternative views and values
●​ Introduction to Population
○​ What is the hockey stick graph
○​ Define Distribution and Density
-​ Population Distribution: pattern of where people live. Qualitative term.
Areas are either sparsely populated (contain few people) or densely
populated (contain many people)
-​ Population density: Quantitative term, is the measurement of the number
of people in an area, calculated by dividing the number of people by the
area of land (people per square km)
○​ Why do populations grow? (Local Resources, Nat Disasters…)
○​ Know the Rule of 70 - AKA doubling time, The amount of time for a given
population to double, based on the annual growth rate.
●​ Why Populations Grow
○​ What is the Dependency Load
-​ Portion of the population that is either children or older adults. Expressed
as a % of the population
○​ Know who Thomas Malthus was and what he said
-​ wrote the Essay on the Principles of Population in 1798, stated human
populations experience exponential growth
-​ according to him food production grows Arithmetically
-​ when the population exceeds food availability according to Malthus War,
Pestilence, and Famine will 'correct' the population
-​ What cycle does Malthus describe regarding population and food
availability? The cycle of population growth and correction
○​ What is the Cornucopian WorldView
-​ Suggests that Human adaptability will prompt people to limit family size.
-​ Technology relation to the Cornucopian WorldView: Technology will
continue to squeeze more from the Earth's resources and increase its
carrying capacity.
○​ Understand the Demographic Transition Model - Be able to graph and describe
different stages
-​ Demographic Transition Model Stage 1
-​ High birth and death rates
-​ Population remains stable (Not increasing or decreasing)
-​ No Health Care or Medicine as we know it today
-​ Common characteristic of families: Large families to ensure that some
children will survive to adulthood
-​ Major cause of high death rates: High disease and death
-​ Demographic Transition Model Stage 2
-​ High birth rates but falling death rates.
-​ The natural increase rate is large, so the population is increasing rapidly
by the end of this stage
-​ What contributes to the population growth in this stage? Increases in
medical knowledge and availability.
-​ Better sanitation seen in public health
-​ What economic impact can occur due to rapid population growth in this
stage? Strain on the economy, which can cause people to consider
moving elsewhere.
-​ What environmental issue can arise from the population growth?
Increased strain on natural environments.
-​ Demographic Transition Model Stage 3
-​ Low death rates and falling birth rates
-​ starting point of this stage: Natural Increase High
-​ What type of economies begin to produce large amounts of food in Stage
3? Farming economies
-​ Trend regarding family size: Families are large and have been for a few
generations
-​ Social welfare programs begin to be introduced
-​ Laws for when people are allowed to work are introduced
-​ Significant change regarding contraception: Contraception is introduced
and begins to be accepted
-​ Demographic Transition Model Stage 4
-​ Both birth and death rates are low.
-​ Natural increase is stable, essentially 0.
-​ Availability of contraception: Contraception is widely available and
accepted.
-​ Childbearing trend: Growing numbers of people choose not to have
children.
-​ Women choose education and career over family in this stage
-​ Social pressures regarding family are declining
-​ Demographic Transition Model Stage 5
-​ Birth Rate drops below Death Rate
-​ Natural Increase declines (Negative numbers)
-​ What demographic characteristic is prominent? Aging population from
previous years due to medical advances
-​ Younger generation isn't having enough kids to replace population
numbers
-​ Can become a huge drain on economies due to not enough people of
working age
●​ Why do People Want a Large Population - Population Pyramids
○​ Advantages of having a large or small population
-​ Large population advantages
-​ What is one argument for large populations related to economic power?
More output for country = More economic power
-​ Population = Military power
-​ What is a benefit of large populations regarding standards of living? High
standards of living because of more labor
-​ Large population means better use of resources
-​ Why is it important to maintain large populations for the future? Many
people are dying - need to ensure the future
-​ Small population advantages
-​
○​ Be able to interpret a population pyramid and match it to the demographic
transition model
Population pyramids are age-sex graphs showing the population of different ages
within a population, divided between males and females
●​ Why do Populations Grow - Migration (movement of people across a specified
boundary for the purpose of establishing a new residence)
○​ Push factors: Reasons for same number of men
leaving a place, such as war, and women migrate
absence of human rights, -​ Typical age of
and poor economy. Pull migrants is between
factors: Reasons for 18-30
choosing to move to a place, -​ Graduation, marriage,
such as joining relatives, birth, separation, and
climate, and job divorce increase the
opportunities. likelihood of moving
○​ Characteristics of Migrants ○​ Types of Migrants
-​ White collar and ○​ Boundaries for Migration
military personnel are ○​ Impacts on Sending
more likely to migrate Countries
-​ More men than ○​ Temporary Labour Migrants
women have
migrated
-​ Currently
Approximately the

●​ Refugees
○​ What was the Geneva Convention and what does it say about Refugees
A series of treaties on the treatment of civilians, prisoners of war (POW), and
soldiers who are incapable of fighting

○​ What do receiving countries have to do


●​ All countries must recognize and issue travel documents (Passports, Visas)
●​ Recognize and protect unity of refugee families and respect that minors without
guardians be especially protected (particularly girls)
●​ Provide welfare to refugees. High level employee refugees receive special protection
due to position
●​ Apply Geneva Convention without discrimination of race, religion, or country of origin
●​ Provide all rights of accepting country to refugees given to migrants
●​ Free access to courts of law and give at least an elementary education
●​ Provide identity papers for any refugees in their territory who doesn’t have a valid travel
document

●​ Migration Stories
○​ Know and be able to comment on one of the stories read in class (Afghan,
African American, Romani, Vietnamese
●​ Climate Change
○​ What is Climate change and what causes it
○​ How do humans cause Climate to change?
●​ Tragedy of the Commons
○​ What are the Commons
An area set aside that is owned by no one.

○​ Who was Garrett Hardin and why did he describe the commons as a tragedy
Stated that land belongs to no one and everyone. Individuals benefit in the short
term by overusing land and this overuse results in deterioration of the resource.

●​ Introduction to Globalization
○​ What is Globalization?
Process, accelerated by modern communications technology, that multiplies and
strengthens the economic, cultural, and financial interconnections among regions
of the world.​

○​ How are does it help and hurt people around the world?
●​ World Organizations
○​ Know some of the organizations that were researched in class
●​ World Trade, Transportation and Manufacturing
○​ What are the highest earning countries? Countries where they are from?
○​ Global transportation along with pinch points
○​ Power of Multinational corporations (Think Amazon)
●​ Geography of Oil
○​ What are fossil fuels ○​ Where are they
○​ What do we use them for ○​ How are global oil prices
○​ How do they affect the determined
economy
●​ Seminar Readings
○​ World Views ○​ Environment
○​ Scientific Disbelief ○​ Vaccines
○​ Population ○​ Refugees
○​ Water ○​ Oil
○​ Food ○​ China
○​ Government Survelience

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