CHAPTER
7 Co-ordinate Geometry
Key Points
1. Coordinate Geometry
Coordinate Geometry
A system of geometry where the position of points
on the plane is described using an ordered pair P(x, y)
The distance of a point from y-axis The distance of a point from x-axis
is called x-coordinate or abscissa is called y-coordinate or ordinate
The coordinate of point on x-axis is (x, 0). The coordinate of point
on y-axis is (0, y). The coordinate of point on 2-Dimensional
plane i.e., cartesian plane is (x, y)
Cartesian Plane
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2. Distance Formula
Finding distance between two given points :
A(x1, y1)
B(x2, y2)
AB (Distance between A and B) = ( x2 x1 )2 ( y2 y1 ) 2
3. Distance of a point from origin :
(0, 0)
0
A (x, y)
Using distance formula
OA = ( x 0)2 ( y 0) 2 = x2 y2
4. Midpoint formula :
Coordinates of mid points of AB where A(x 1 , y 1 ) and B(x 2 , y 2 ) are :
x1 x2 y1 y2
,
2 2
5. Section formula:
The coordinates of a point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) internally in the ratio m : n are given by
mx nx1 my2 ny1
P x 2 ,y
mn mn
P (x, y)
A m : n B
(x1,y1) (x2,y2)
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6. Centroid of a triangle is given by :
x x x y y y3
O 1 2 3 , 1 2
3 3
7. The area of ABC, where A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), (x3, y3) are its vertices
1
ar () = [x (y – y ) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2)] sq. units
2 1 2 3
A (x1, y1)
B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3)
8. If area of a triangle is zero then points are collinear and vice versa.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Fill in the blanks :
1. The distance of a point from the y-axis is called its x-coordinate or ______ .
2. The distance of a point from the x-axis is called its __________ or ordinate.
3. The point (5, 0) lies on ____ axis.
4. A point which lies on y-axis are of the form _______ .
5. A linear equation of the form ax + by + c = 0 when represented graphically
gives a _______ .
6. The distance of a point P(x, y) from the origin is ________
Multiple Choice Question :
7. P is a point on x-axis at a distance of 3 unit from y-axis to its left. The co-
ordinates of P are :
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(a) (3, 0) (b) (0, 3)
(c) (– 3, 0) (d) (0, – 3)
8. The distance of P(3, – 2) from y-axis is
(a) 3 units (b) 2 units
(c) – 2 units (d) 13 units
9. The co-ordinates of two ponts are (6, 0) and (0, – 8). The co-ordinates of the
mid points are
(a) (3, 4) (b) (3, – 4)
(c) (0, 0) (d) (– 4, 3)
10. If the distance between P(4, 0) and Q(0, x) is 5 units, the value of x will be
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
x y
11. The co-ordinates of the point where line 7 intersects y-axis are
a b
(a) (a, 0) (b) (0, b)
(c) (0, 7b) (d) (2a, 0)
12. The area of triangle OAB, the co-ordinates of whose vertices are A(4, 0),
B(0, – 7) and O origin, is :
(a) 11 sq. units (b) 18 sq. units
(c) 28 sq. units (d) 14 sq. units
11 2
13. The distance between the points P , 5 and Q , 5 is
3 3
(a) 6 units (b) 4 units
(c) 3 units (d) 2 units
14. The distance between the points (5 cos 35°, 0) and (0, 5 cos 55°) is
(a) 10 units (b) 5 units
(c) 1 unit (d) 2 units
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15. The co-ordinates of vertex A of ABC are (– 4, 2) and a point D which is mid
point of BC are (2, 5). The coordinates of centroid of ABC are
7
(a) (0, 4) (b) 1,
2
7
(c) 2, (d) (0, 2)
3
16. The distance between the line 2x + 4 = 0 and x – 5 = 0 is
(a) 9 units (b) 1 unit
(c) 5 units (d) 7 units
17. The perimeter of triangle formed by the points (0, 0), (2, 0) and (0, 2) is
(a) 4 units (b) 6 units
(c) 6 2 units (d) 4 2 2 units
18. If the centroid of the triangle formed by (9, a), (b, – 4) and (7, 8) is (6, 8), then
the value a and b are :
(a) a = 4, b = 5 (b) a = 5, b = 4
(c) a = 5, b = 2 (d) a = 20, b = 2
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
19. The centre of circle having end points of its diameter as (–4, 2) and (4, –3) is
(a) (2, –1) (b) (0, –1)
1 5
(c) (0, – ) (d) (4, – ) (CBSE 2020 Basic)
2 2
20. The distance between the points (0, 0) and (a – b, a + b) is
(a) 2 ab (b) 2a 2 ab
(c) 2 a 2 b 2 (d) 2a 2 2b 2 (CBSE 2020 Standard)
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-I
21. For what value of P, the points (2, 1), (p, – 1) and (– 1, 3) are collinear.
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22. Find the area of triangle formed by A(0, 0), B(4, 0) and C(0, 9)
(CBSE 2020 Basic)
23. Find the point of trisection of the line segment joining the points (1, – 2) and
(– 3, 4).
24. The midpoints of the sides of a triangle are (3, 4), (4, 1) and (2, 0). Find the
vertices of the triangle.
25. A circle has its centre at (4, 4). If one end of a diameter is (4, 0) then find the
coordinates of the other end. (CBSE 2020 Standard)
26. Find the ratio in which P(4, m) divides the line segment joining the points
A(2, 3) and B(6, –3). Hence find m. (CBSE 2018)
27. Show that the points (– 2, 3), (8, 3) and (6, 7) are the vertices of a right angle
triangle.
28. Find the point on y-axis which is equidistant from the points (5, –2) and
(–3, 2).
(CBSE 2019)
29. Find the ratio in which y-axis divides the line segment joining the points
A(5, – 6) and B(– 1, – 4).
30. Find the co-ordinates of a centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (3, – 5),
(– 7, 4) and (10, – 2).
31. Find the relation between x and y such that the points (x, y) is equidistant from
the points (7, 1) and (3, 5).
32. Find the ratio in which the segment joining the points (1, –3) and (4, 5) is
divided by x-axis. Also find the coordinates of the point on x-axis.
(CBSE 2019)
33. What is the value of a if the points (3, 5) and (7, 1) are equidistant from the
point (a, 0) ?
34. Find a relation between x and y if the points A(x, y), B(– 4, 6) and C(– 2, 3) are
collinear.
35. If the points A(2, 0), B(6, 1) and C(p, q) from a triangle of area 12 sq units
(positive only) and 2p + q = 10, then find the values of p and q.
(CBSE 2020 Standard)
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36. Name the type of triangle formed by the points A(– 5, 6), B(– 4, – 2) and
C(7, 5).
(NCERT Exempler)
37. Find the points on the x-axis which are at a distance of 2 5 from the point
(7, – 4). How many such points are there? (NCERT Exempler)
38. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the point P and Q. If (2, –5) is the
midpoint of PQ then find the co-ordinates of P and Q. (CBSE 2017)
39. If A(–2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram
ABCD, find the values of a and b. Hence find the lengths of its sides.
(CBSE 2018)
40. Let P and Q be the points of trisection of the line segment joining the points
A(2, – 2) and B(– 7, 4) such that P is nearer to A. Find the co-ordinates of
P and Q.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-II
41. The line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, – 8) is trisected at the point P
and Q such that P is nearer to A. If P also lies on the line given by 2x – y + k = 0,
find the value of k. (CBSE 2019)
42. Find the ratio in which the line x – 3y = 0 divides the line segment joining the
points (– 2, – 5) and (6, 3). Find the co-ordinates of the point of intersection.
(HOTS)
43. Point A lies on the line segment XY joining X(6, – 6) and Y(– 4, – 1) in such a
XA 2
way that = . If point A also lies on the line 3x + k(y + 1) = 0, find the
XY 5
value of k.
(HOTS)
44. Find the area of the triangle formed by joining the mid points of the sides of the
triangle ABC, whose vertices are A(0, – 1), B(2, 1) and C(0, 3).
45. Find the value of k so that the area of triangle ABC with A(k + 1, 1), B(4, – 3)
and C(7, – k) is 6 square units.
46. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, – 8) such
AP 1
that = . If P lies on the line 2x – y + k = 0. Find the value of k.
PB 3
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47. If the distances of P(x, y) from A(5, 1) and B(–1, 5) are equal then prove that
3x = 2y. (CBSE 2017)
24
48. In what ratio does the point , y divides the line segment joining the points
11
P(2, –2) and Q(3, 7) ? (CBSE 2017)
49. If A(– 3, 2), B(x, y) and C(1, 4) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle with AB
= BC. Find the value of (2x + y).
50. If the point P(3, 4) is equidistant from the points A(a + b, b – a) and
B(a – b, a + b) then prove that 3b – 4a = 0.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-III
51. Find the area of the quadrilateral ABCD whose vertices are A(–4, –3),
B(3, – 1), C(0, 5) and D(–4, 2). (CBSE 2020 Standard)
52. If P(x, y) is any point on the line joining A(a, 0) and B(0, b) then show that
x y
= 1.
a b
53. If the points (x, y), (– 5, – 2) and (3, – 5) are collinear, prove that
3x + 8y + 31 = 0.
54. Find the relation between x and y if A(x, y), B(– 2, 3) and C(2, 1) form an
isosceles triangle with AB = AC.
55. Prove that the point x, 1 x 2 is at a distance of 1 unit from the origin.
56. If the points A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3) and C(5k – 1, 5k) are collinear then find
the value of k. (CBSE 2017)
57. If the points (a, b), (c, d) and (a – c, b – d) are collinear show that bc = ad.
58. Find the co-ordinates of the circumcenter of the triangle whose vertices are
(3, 7), (0, 6) and (– 1, 5). Find the circumradius. (HOTS)
59. In a triangle PQR, the co-ordinates of points P, Q and R are (3, 2), (6, 4) and
(9, 3) respectively. Find the co-ordinates of centroid G. Also find the areas of
PQG and PRG.
60. If the points (5, 4) and (x, y) are equidistant from the point (4, 5), prove that
x2 + y2 – 8x – 10y + 39 = 0.
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ANSWERS AND HINTS
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-I
1. abscissa 2. y-coordinate
3. x-axis 4. (0, y)
5. straight line 6. x2 y2
7. (iii) (– 3, 0) 8. (i) 3 units
9. (ii) (3, – 4) 10. (ii) 3
11. (iii) (0, 7b) 12. (iv) 14 sq. units
13. (c) 3 units 14. (b) 5 units
15. (a) (0, 4) 16. (d) 7 units
17. (d) 4 2 2 units 18. (d) a = 20, b = 2
19. (c) 20. (d)
21. P = 3 22. 18 sq. units
23.
AP : PB = 1 : 2
AQ : QB = 2 : 1
1
P = , 0
3
5
Q = , 2
3
24. Let A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are vertices of given triangle
Let
Midpoints of AB = D(3, 4)
Midpoints of BC = E(4, 1)
Midpoints of AC = F(2, 0)
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Apply Midpoint formula on AB, BC, AC
We get
x1 + x2 = 6, y1 + y2 = 8
x2 + x3 = 8, y2 + y3 = 2
x1 + x3 = 4, y1 + y3 = 0
Solving we get
x1 = 1 y1 = 3
x2 = 5 y2 = 5
x3 = 3 y3 = –3
A(1, 3), B(5, 5), C(3, –3)
25. (4, 8)
26. Ratio 1 : 1, m = 0
27. Show using pythagoras theorem and distance formula.
28. (0, –2)
29. 5 : 1
30. (2, – 1)
31. x – y = 2
17
32. 3 : 5 ; , 0
8
33. a = 2
34. 3x = – 2y
35. p = 2, q = 6
36. Using distance formula, scalene triangle.
37. x = 1, x = – 15
Two such points are there.
38. (4, –10)
39. a = 1, b = 1, AB = CD = 10 , AD = BC = 10
40. P(– 1, 0), Q (– 4, 2)
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41. P(3, – 2)
Put value of x = 3, y = – 2 is equation, then k = – 8.
42. Let P(x, y) be the point and m : n is the ratio
6n 2m 3n 5m
then x = , y= ...(1)
mn mn
x
From equation of line x = 3y =3
y
x
By putting x = 3y or = 3 is (1)
y
m : n = 3 : 13
9 3
Then P(x, y) = ,
2 2
XA 2
43. Find = .
AY 3
Let A(x , y) is the point.
x = 2, y = – 4
A (2, – 4)
Put x = 2 and y = – 4 in equation.
K=2
44. 1 sq. unit
45. K = 3
17
46. K =
4
47. PA = PB, Use distance formula
48. 2:9
49. 2x + y = 1
50. 3b – 4a = 0 proved by using distance formula.
51. Area of quadrilateral = 34 sq units.
52. Prove by section formula.
53. Prove by area of = 0 if points are collinear.
54. Prove by distance formula.
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55. Prove by distance formula.
1
56. k = , k = –2 A
2
58. Find co-ordinates of mid points of AB, BC, CA
then DO = OE = OF F
D
13
then (circumcentre) O(x, y) = 1, O
2
17 B E C
circumradius AO = .
2
59. G(x, y) = (6, 3)
3
ar PQG = sq. units
2
3
ar PRG = sq. units
2
60. Use distance formula
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PRACTICE-TEST
Coordinate Geometry
Time : 1 Hr. M.M. : 20
SECTION - A
1 15
1. Find the value of m for which the points (3, 5), (m, 6) and , are collinear..
2 2
1
2. What is the distance between the points A(c, 0) and B(0, –c) 1
3. The distance of point P(– 6, 8) from the origin is _______ . 1
4. Find the value of ‘a’ so that the point (3, a) lies on the line segment 2x – 3y = 5.
1
SECTION B
5. For what value of p, the points (– 3, 9), (2, p) and (4, – 5) are collinear. 2
6. If the points A(8, 6) and B(x, 10) lie on the circle whose centre is (4, 6) then
find the value of x. 2
7. Find the perimeter of a triangle with vertices (0, 4), (0, 0) and (3, 0). 2
SECTION C
8. Show that the points A(–3, 2), B(– 5, –5), C(2, –3) and D(4, 4) are the vertices
of a rhombus. 3
9. Find the ratio in which the point (2, y) divides the line segment joining the
points A(–2, 2) and B(3, 7). Also find the value of y. 3
SECTION D
10. If the point P divides the line segment joining the points A(–2, –2) and B(2, –
AP 3
4) such that = , then find the coordinate of P.. 4
AB 7
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