1.
4 Pillars of IMO:
o SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) 14
o Ships contructions equipment for saftey ship operation
o MARPOL (Prevention of Pollution)
o STCW (Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping)
o ISPS Code (Maritime Security)
2. Rule 2 (COLREGs):
o This rule states that the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
(COLREGs) do not relieve a vessel from liability in the event of a collision,
regardless of the rules. It requires mariners to act to avoid collisions in all
circumstances.
o Comply
o Proper action
o You can depart for the rules or commonsense
3. Rule 5 (COLREGs):
o Rule 5 requires a vessel to maintain a proper lookout by sight and hearing at all
times to assess the risk of collision.
o All other means
o Look out
o Equipment appropriate according to the presenr situation
o Watch keeping as important
4. Situational Examples:
o Crossing Situation: When two vessels are approaching each other and risk a
collision, the vessel on the right (starboard side) must give way.
o Head-on Situation: Two vessels approaching head-on must both alter course to
starboard to avoid collision.
5. Working Aloft:
o Refers to working at heights, above the highest part of the ship’s structure. It is a
high-risk operation and requires safety measures like harnesses.
6. Enclosed Space:
o A space not designed for continuous occupancy, with limited ventilation or
access, which could be hazardous due to lack of oxygen or presence of toxic gases
(e.g., tanks, cargo holds).
7. Hot Work:
o Work involving open flames, sparks, or heat-producing processes such as
welding, grinding, or cutting. It requires fire-prevention measures.
8. Constellations Identification:
o Used in celestial navigation to identify a vessel’s position by observing specific
stars. The specific constellations would be identified based on the image
presented.
9. IALA (International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation):
o The world is divided into two buoyage systems:
Region A: Europe, Africa, Asia (except parts of the Pacific and the
Americas).
Region B: The Americas, parts of the Caribbean, and the Pacific.
10. Areas in Region B:
Includes the Americas, parts of the Caribbean, and parts of the Pacific Ocean.
11. GMDSS Area:
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System divides the ocean into four regions (A1, A2,
A3, A4) for distress and safety communications.
1
2
3
4
12. ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code):
A set of measures to ensure the security of ships and port facilities against threats like
terrorism.
13. Examples of Mooring Equipment:
Wind glasss Mooring lines, winches, capstans, bollards, fenders, and anchors.
14. Barometer:
A device used to measure atmospheric pressure, which helps predict weather changes.
15. Anemometer:
A device used to measure wind speed.
o True Wind: Wind experienced by a stationary object.
o Relative Wind: Wind felt by a moving vessel, considering its own speed and the
true wind.
16. IMDG (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code):
A set of regulations governing the transport of hazardous materials by sea to ensure safe
handling and storage.
17. IMDG Classes:
There are 9 classes of dangerous goods:
1. Explosives
2. Gases
3. Flammable liquids
4. Flammable solids
5. Oxidizing substances
6. Toxic substances
7. Radioactive materials
8. Corrosive substances
9. Miscellaneous dangerous goods
18. Squat Effect:
When a vessel moves at high speed, its draft increases due to water pressure beneath the
hull. This effect can cause a vessel to settle lower in the water.
19. Types of Radar:
X-Band: High-frequency radar, good for short-range and high-resolution.
S-Band: Lower frequency, suitable for longer-range detection and better performance in
poor weather conditions.
20. EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon):
A device that sends distress signals to satellites in the event of an emergency. It typically
includes a HRU (Hydrostatic Release Unit) that automatically activates the EPIRB
when submerged in water. S band woul detect this
21. SART (Search and Rescue Transponder):
A device that transmits a radar signal to assist in locating survivors during search and
rescue operations.
22. Trim:
The difference between the forward and aft drafts of the ship. Proper trim is necessary for
stability and fuel efficiency.
23. SOPEP (Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan):
A plan required by law on ships that outlines procedures for responding to oil spills and
preventing marine pollution.
24. Lights of Pilot Vessel:
A pilot vessel is typically identified by having a white light over a red light vertically.
The lights indicate that the vessel is engaged in pilotage operations.
25. Lights of Fishing Vessel:
A fishing vessel that is not trawling displays a green light over a red light.
A fishing vessel that is trawling displays two white lights in a vertical line, with one
being at the stern and the other at the bow.
26. Sextant:
A sextant is a navigational instrument used to measure the angle between a celestial
object (like the sun or stars) and the horizon. It is primarily used for celestial navigation
to determine the ship's latitude and longitude.
27. Difference in Lateral Marks (Region A vs. Region B):
In Region A (used in Europe, Africa, and most of Asia), the port-hand mark is red and
the starboard-hand mark is green.
In Region B (used in the Americas and parts of the Pacific), the color scheme is the
opposite: the port-hand markis green, and the starboard-hand mark is red.
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