Linear Equations in Two
Variables
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Introduction
We know that, When an equation has only one variable of degree
one, the equation is known as linear equation in one variable.
Similarly, When an equation has two variables both of degree
one, the equation is known as linear equation in two variables.
Linear Equations
Any equation which can be put in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b
and c are real numbers, and a, b ≠ 0, is called a “linear equation in
two variables”. ax + by + c = 0 is the general form of all linear equations
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For example, 6x + y = 8 ko 6x + y - 8 = 0 mein likha ja sakta hai, jo ax +
by + c = 0 roop mein hai.
Example: Write each of the following as an equation in two variables:
(i) x = –5 (ii) y = 2 NOTE: Agar question me ‘x’ term na ho
(iii) 2x = 3 (iv) 5y = 2
toh x ke aage 0 laga do and ‘y’ na ho
toh y ke aage zero lagado & fir usse
Solution: (i) x = –5 general form me likhdo....
Now, we must write it in the form of ax + by + c = 0
i.e. 1.x + 0.y + 5 = 0 or 1.x + 0.y =-5
(ii) y = 2 can be written as 0.x + 1.y =2 or 0.x + 1.y – 2 = 0.
(iii) 2x = 3 can be written as 2x + 0.y – 3 = 0
(iv) 5y = 2 can be written as 0.x + 5y – 2= 0
Solution of a Linear Equation
In a given equation with two variables, finding a solution means
identifying a pair of values, one for x and one for y, that satisfy the
equation. x and y ki vo values jinko equation me put karne ke baad “=” ke aage vaali value ae
When you substitute x = 3 and y = 2 in the equation 2x + 3y = 12, you get
2(3)+3(2)=12.
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So, the pair of values (3, 2) is a solution. Another example is (0, 4), which is
also a solution for the given equation.
This solution is expressed as an ordered pair, where the first value
represents x and the second value represents y. (x,y)
Example: Find two solutions for each of the following equations:
(i)4x + 3y = 12
NOTE: Question me jitne solution pooche
(ii)2x + 5y = 0
ho utni baar value put kar dena!
(iii)3y + 4 = 0
Solution: Taking x = 0, we get 3y = 12, i.e., y = 4. So, (0, 4) is a solution
of the given equation. Similarly, by taking y = 0, we get x = 3.
Thus, (3, 0) is also a solution
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Taking x = 0, we get 5y = 0, i.e., y = 0. So (0, 0) is a solution of
the given equation. Now, if you take y = 0, you again get (0,
0) as a solution, which is the same as the earlier one. To get
another solution, take x = 1. Then you can check that the
corresponding value of y is -2/5. So (1, -2/5) is another
solution of 2x + 5y = 0.
Writing the equation 3y + 4 = 0 as 0.x + 3y + 4 = 0, you will
find that y = –3/4 for any value of x. Thus, two solutions can
be given as (0, –4/3) and (1, –4/3).
The linear equation in one variable has one unique solution.
A linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions
Every point on the graph of a linear equation in two variables is a solution
of the linear equation. Moreover, every solution of the linear equation is a
point on the graph of the linear equation.
Exemplar Problems
Question Draw the graph of the equation represented by a straight line
which is parallel to the x-axis and at a distance 3 units below it.
Solution: Any straight line parallel to x-axis and
below it i.e., in negative direction of y-
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axis is given by y = -k, where k units is
the distance of the line from the x-
axis. Here, k = 3. Therefore, the
equation of the line is y = – 3. To draw
the graph of this equation, plot the
points (1, -3), (2, -3), (3, -3) and join
them.
Question Write the linear equation such that each point on its graph has
an ordinate 3 times its abscissa.
Solution: Let abscissa and ordinate of the point be x and y respectively.
According to the question, we have
Ordinate = 3 × abscissa y = 3x ⇒
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When x = 1, then y = 3
When x = 2, then y = 6
x => 1 2
y => 3 6
Here, we find two points A(1, 3) and B(2, 6). So, draw
the graph by plotting these points and joining them.
Hence, y = 3x is the required linear equation.
NOTE : Worksheet [Important Questions Of All typology with
Answers) is provided as Seperate PDF on website padhleakshay.com
