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IMPORTANT-N.C.E.R.T-QUESTION
GRAVITATION
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Q1 The mass of the earth is 6 × 1024 kg and that of the moon is 7.4 × 1022 kg. If the distance between the
earth and the moon is 3.84×105 km, calculate the force exerted by the earth on the moon. G = 6.7 × 10-11 N
m2 kg-2.
Ans Thus, the force exerted by the earth on the moon is 2.01 × 1020 N.
Q2 A car falls off a ledge and drops to the ground in 0.5 s. Let g = 10 m s-2 (for simplifying the calcula-
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tions).
(i) What is its speed on striking the ground? (ii) What is its average speed during the 0.5 s?
(iii) How high is the ledge from the ground?
Ans (i) its speed on striking the ground = 5 m s–1
(ii) its average speed during the 0.5 s = 2.5 m s–1
(iii) height of the ledge from the ground = 1.25 m.
Q3 An object is thrown vertically upwards and rises to a height of 10 m. Calculate (i) the velocity with
which the object was thrown upwards and (ii) the time taken by the object to reach the highest point.
Ans (i) Initial velocity, u = 14 m s–1, and (ii) Time taken, t = 1.43 s.
Q4 Mass of an object is 10 kg. What is its weight on the earth?
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Ans = 98 N
Q5 An object weighs 10 N when measured on the surface of the earth. What would be its weight when
measured on the surface of the moon?
Ans Thus, the weight of object on the surface of the moon would be 1.67 N.
Q6 What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the earth and a 1 kg object on its surface?
(Mass of the earth is 6 × 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 × 106 m.)
Ans 9.8 N
Q7 A stone is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 40 m/s. Taking g = 10 m/s2, find the
maximum height reached by the stone. What is the net displacement and the total distance covered by the
stone?
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Ans Maximum height = 80 m, Net displacement = 0, Total distance covered = 160 m.
Q8 Calculate the force of gravitation between the earth and the Sun, given that the mass of the earth = 6
× 10 kg and of the Sun = 2 × 1030 kg. The average distance between the two is 1.5 × 1011 m.
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Ans Gravitational force = 53.36 × 1032 N.
Q9 A ball thrown up vertically returns to the thrower after 6 s. Find
(a) The velocity with which it was thrown up, (b) The maximum height it reaches, and
(c) Its position after 4 s.
Ans Initial velocity = 29.4 m s–1, height = 44.1 m. After 4 s the ball will be at a distance of 4.9 m from the
top or 39.2 m from the bottom.
Q 10 You find your mass to be 42 kg on a weighing machine. Is your mass more or less than 42 kg?
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Ans Our mass is slightly more than 42kg.
Q 11 Gravitational force on the surface of the moon is only 1/6 as strong as gravitational force on the earth.
What is the weight in newtons of a 10 kg object on the moon and on the earth?
Ans So, weight of object on the earth =98N
So, weight of object on the moon =16.3N
Q 12 A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 49 m/s. Calculate
(i) The maximum height to which it rises, (ii) The total time it takes to return to the surface of
the earth.
Ans (i) = 122.5m (ii) 10s.
Q 13 A stone is released from the top of a tower of height 19.6 m. Calculate its final velocity.
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Ans = 19.6ms-1.
Q 14 A stone is allowed to fall from the top of a tower 100 m high and at the same time another stone is
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projected vertically upwards from the ground with a velocity of 25 m/s. Calculate when and where the two
stones will meet.
Ans So, the two stones will meet after 4 secnds and when falling stone has covered a height of 80m.
Q 15 State the universal law of gravitation. (Refer Q 1 from notes)
Q 16 Write the formula to find the magnitude of the gravitational force between the earth and an object on
the surface of the earth.
Q 17 What do you mean by free fall?
Q 18 What do you mean by acceleration due to gravity? (Refer Q15 from notes)
Q 19 What are the differences between the mass of an object and its weight? (Refer Q9 from notes)
Q 20 Why is the weight of an object on the moon 1/6th its weight on the earth? (Refer Q12 from notes)
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Q 21 How does the force of gravitation between two objects change when the distance between them is
reduced to half?
Q 22 Gravitational force acts on all objects in proportion to their masses. Why then, a heavy object does
not fall faster than a light object?
Q 23 The earth and the moon are attracted to each other by gravitational force. Does the earth attract the
moon with a force that is greater or smaller or the same as the force with which the moon attracts the earth?
Why?
Q 24 If the moon attracts the earth, why does the earth not move towards the moon?
Q 25 What happens to the force between two objects, if
(i) The mass of one object is doubled? (ii) The distance between the objects is doubled and tripled?
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(iii) The masses of both objects are doubled?
Q 26 What is the importance of universal law of gravitation? (Refer Q21 from notes)
Q 27 What is the acceleration of free fall?
Q 28 Amit buys few grams of gold at the poles as per the instruction of one of his friends. He hands over the
same when he meets him at the equator. Will the friend agree with the weight of gold bought? If not, why?
[Hint: The value of g is greater at the poles than at the equator.]
Q 29 Why will a sheet of paper fall slower than one that is crumpled into a ball?
Note:
(1) Mass of earth = 5.98 x 1024
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(2) Mass of Moon = 7.36 x 1022
(3) Radius of Earth = 6.37 x 106
(4) Radius of Moon = 1.74 x 106
Exampler Important Question
Q1 The weight of any person on the moon is about 1/6 times that on the earth. He can lift a mass of 15 kg
on the earth. What will be the maximum mass, which can be lifted by the same force applied by the person on
the moon?
Q2 Calculate the average density of the earth in terms of g, G and R.
Q3 How does the weight of an object vary with respect to mass and radius of the earth. In a hypothetical
case, if the diameter of the earth becomes half of its present value and its mass becomes four times of its
present value, then how would the weight of any object on the surface of the earth be affected?
Q4 A ball weighing 4 kg of density 4000 kg m–3 is completely immersed in water of density 103 kg m–3
Find the force of buoyancy on it. (Given g = 10 m s–2.)
Ans 1 = 90 kg Ans 2 = 3g / 4πGR
Ans 3 = The weight will become 16 times. Ans 4 = 10 N
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