d235mathemoeengtz0xxm

Markscheme

November 2023

Extended mathematics

On-screen examination

28 pages
This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination
session.

It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to
any other person without the authorization of the IB Global Centre, Cardiff.
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The markscheme may make use of the following abbreviation: OE – ‘or equivalent’

The markscheme abbreviations:

• Bullet notation means award 1 mark – see example below

Example 1
.1 mark awarded and corresponding notes are aligned

b .1 Show clear line of reasoning in the method .1 45 and 49 seen OE

Ex: 49
= 45 + x
.2 4 .2 2
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Error Carried Forward (ECF) marks

Errors made at any step of a solution affect all working that follows. In general, Error Carried Forward (ECF) marks are awarded after an error.
a) ECF applies from one part of a question to a subsequent part of the question and also applies within the same part.
b) If an answer resulting from ECF is inappropriate (eg, negative distances or sinx > 1) then subsequent marks should not be awarded.
c) If a question is transformed by an error into a simpler question then ECF may not be fully awarded.
d) To award ECF marks for a question part, there must be working present for that part.
e) ECF is only applied to working which is correct. This means that all working subsequent to an error must be checked for accuracy.
f) A misread (MR) is an error. ECF is normally awarded.
General points

a) As this is an international examination, accept all alternative forms of notation, for example 1,9 as 1.9 ; 1,000 or 1.000. However, DO NOT ACCEPT
incorrect mathematical notation x^2 for x2 unless noted otherwise in the MS.
b) ACCEPT notation errors in intermediate steps.
c) Ignore further working after a correct answer unless it indicates a lack of mathematical understanding i.e. if the further working contradict the correct
answer, then that last mark cannot be awarded.
d) In the case when a correct result is obtained using incorrect seen method, do not award the mark for the result.
e) Where candidates have written two solutions to a question, mark the first solution.
f) In the markscheme, equivalent examples of numerical and algebraic forms or simplified answers will generally be written in the notes preceded by OE (Or
1 x
Equivalent) e.g. OR 1/2 OR 0.5 OR 2 ÷4 ; OR x / 2 or x ÷ 2 ; 0.23 OR 23%
2 2
g) In the markscheme, information provided in brackets indicate detail that may be seen in a candidate response but is not necessary to award the marks.
However, it indicates what the candidate’s result represents. Ex: if last mark is for the result: (AB)=5; this means we award the mark for seeing 5 as the result
of calculating AB without necessarily seeing AB=5, but it does not mean we award the mark for seeing 5 representing another length
h) Special case marks SC can be allocated instead of but not in addition to the marks prescribed in the markscheme.
i) Accept seeing equation not in-line.
j) Calculator screenshots are accepted as working steps. And when a calculator screenshot is taken, accept not seeing the whole operation.
k) In task 2 and 3 where the markscheme is set out in a table then, unless noted otherwise, awarding the highest mark in a category includes all the lower marks
in that category. It is probably best to look for the top category mark answer and if you don't find it look at the next mark down.
l) ACCEPT using the correct values or working regardless their previous result.
m) Candidates will sometimes use methods other than those in the markscheme. Unless the question specifies a method, other correct methods should be
marked in line with the markscheme. If in doubt, contact your team leader for advice.
n) Unless noted otherwise, if a note in a part says to accept the answer without working for 1 mark less than total marks, then seeing the correct answer with any
acceptable working step, award full marks. Example: If the note in a part worth 3 marks says “4.3(3…) without working award 2 marks”, then seeing any
acceptable working step and seeing 4.3(3…) as the answer award the 3 marks.
o) For “show that” questions, unless otherwise noted, every bullet point has to be seen in order to be awarded.
 –4– mathemoeengtz0xxm

Q1 Answers Notes Total

a AM1 AM1
.1 Two from: .1 Two from (for AB or AD). Ex for AB:
• Subtract correct y-coordinates • 10-4 or 4-10 or 6 or -6
• Subtract correct x-coordinates • 9- -3 or -3-9 or 12 or -12
• Divide their difference in y by their difference in x their(10 − 4)
•
their(9 − −3)
.2 Correctly calculate gradient of AB
.2 6/12 OE
.3 Correctly calculate gradient of AD
.3 -2 OE
.4 Showing that the two gradients are opposite reciprocals
.4 “they are opposite reciprocals” WTTE or 0.5x-2 =-1
.4 ACCEPT negative instead of opposite
AM2
AM2
.1 Correct length of AB
.2 Correct length of AD .1 62 + 122 OE or 13.4(16…) OE
.3 Correct length of BD .2 42 + 82 OE or 8.9(44…)OE
.4 Show that the value of AB^2+AD^2 is equal value of BD^2
.3 82 + 142 OE or 16.1(2…) (OE
4
AM3 .4 Ex: 260=180+80
.1 Two from:
• Subtract correct y-coordinates AM3
• Subtract correct x-coordinates .1 Two from:
• Write vector as (x,y) OE • 10-4 or 4-10 or 6 or -6
• 9- -3 or -3-9 or 12 or -12
.2 Correct vector AB • (Their12,their6) OE
.3 Correct vector AD
.4 Show that the dot product =0 .2 (12,6)
.3 (4,-8)
.4 12x4-6x8=0
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b .1 Correct equation involving x and their gradient of AB used in a) 6 2 − −4 8 10 − 2

.1 their = OE or = OE or 9 − x =−4 OE
12 x −1 −4 9−x
.2 Correct value of x
2
.2 (x =)13

c .1 Correctly substitute into distance formula .1 (9 − −3)2 + (10 − 4)2 OE

.2 Correctly calculate their length of AB after substitution into .2 their 180 or their13.4(164...)
distance formula .2 ACCEPT their AB correctly calculated after one mistake examples:
( (9 − −3)2 + (10 − 4) =)12.2(47...) or ( (9 − −3)2 + (10 − 4)2 =)48 3

.3 Correctly write their AB in simplest surd form .3 their 6 5

.3 DO NOT ACCEPT if their surd does not need simplification

d .1 Correctly substitute into mid-point formula for x OR y coordinates 1+ 9 −3 + their13 10 − 4 4+2

.1 or OR or
2 2 2 2
.2 Correct coordinates of point E
.2 (5 , 3) OE ACCEPT 5,3
2
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Q2 Answers Notes Total

a .1 Correctly write the first simultaneous equation .1 6x+3y = 12 ACCEPT using inequality

.2 Correctly write the second simultaneous equation .2 6x + 8x + 4y =19 or 14x + 4y =19 ACCEPT using inequality

.3 Correct steps to solve the system of equations for .3 By elimination. Example:

one unknown
12) and 3 × (14x + 4y =
4 × (6x + 3y = 19) ACCEPT “4 times eq1 and 3 times eq2”

And 42x-24x=57-48 OE
Or by substitution 4
y = 4-2x or x = 2-0.5y or 4y = 19-14x or 14x = 19-4y OE
And 6x+3(4-2x)=12 OE
.3 DO NOT ACCEPT if the solution is incorrect

.4 Correctly substitute x=0.5 or y=3 into one of the .4 Ex: 6(0.5)+3y=12 and y=9/3 OE ACCEPT showing simplified equality with one variable
equations and show calculation of the other
AG x=0.5 and y =3 .4 ACCEPT substituting 0.5 and 3 into one equation Ex: 6(0.5)+3(3)=12
b .1 Correct route .1 3+4+12+8+7+9+5+14 OE ACCEPT in letters
.1 ACCEPT passing by all paths Ex: ABDECEBCA or ACEDBECBA
.1 ACCEPT if only 6 of the paths are added Ex: 3+4+12+8+5+14
.1 ACCEPT use of the same value (I.e. repeating a paths) 2

.2 Correct minimum distance for the correct path .2 62 (km)

c .1 Correctly add a route with adjacent nodes and .1 Ex: 3+4+12+8+7+9+5+14 =62 ACCEPT in letters
passing by all the nodes

.2 Correct route .2 ABDECBA or ABCEDBA OE ACCEPT 3+4+12+7+5+3 or 3+5+7+12+4

+3 .2 ACCEPT rout passing by all nodes and with a seen total of 40 or less 3
Ex: the route ABDECA (40) or ABCEBDBA (36) for bp2

.3 Correct minimum distance .3 (3+4+12+7+5+3=)34 (km)

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Q3 Ext Answers Notes Total

a Apply power rule on at least one term and show equality or ratio Ex: 2xlog2=log22=log4
ACCEPT log4/log2 =2log2/log2
2 AG 1
ACCEPT using other terms Ex: log256/log16=8log2/4log2
DO NOT ACCEPT only log4 / log2
b AM1 AM1
.1 Correctly apply law of product or law of quotient .1 Log(1024*256) or log(256/4) OE
.2 Correctly write the total of left-hand side as one log .2 log65536 ACCEPT log(1024x256/4)
.3 Correct write the fifth term in log form .3 log 2562 OE
.3 ACCEPT log65536/log256=2
.3 ACCEPT calculating n=5 using the GS general rule and r=2 only if bp2 is
awarded 3
AM2 AM2
.1 Correctly write two of the three terms in terms of log2 .1 10log2+8log2-2log2
.2 Correctly write the total of left-hand side in terms of log2 .2 16 log 2 ACCEPT 10log2+8log2-2log2
.3 Correct write the fifth term in log form .3 log216 OE

c AM1 AM1
.1 Correctly write the first 6 terms in terms of log2
.1 log2,2log2,4log2,8log2,16log2,32log2
.1 ACCEPT only 4 correct terms
.2 Correctly write down the sum of first 6 terms in terms of log2 .2 63 log2

AM2 AM2
.1 Correctly substitute into the sum of GP formula 2
.1 (S6=)log2 x (26-1)/(2-1) ACCEPT seeing only (2^6-1)/1 OE

.2 Correctly write down the sum of first 6 terms in terms of log2 .2 63log2
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Q4 Answers Notes Total

a .1 Correctly substitute into the sine rule .1 s/sin60=3/sin105 s=3sin60/sin105 OE

.2 Correctly calculate their s for their trig ratio .2 their2.689(726...) ACCEPT 2.7
.2 ACCEPT only if their seen trigonometric sine rule operation involves side=3 and two of the
angles: 105, 60, 15
.2 ACCEPT using the 3 sig fig rounded value of the trig function only if bp1 is awarded
3

.3 Their s correct to three significant figures .3 their2.69

.3 ACCEPT their2.69 only if their used sine rule is with maximum two mistakes and their bp2 can be
rounded

b 1 ACCEPT (2,1) OE
1

c .1 Correctly substitute 0 and 2.6 into the .1 a(0 − 2)2 + 1 =2.6 or 2.6 = 4a+1 ACCEPT substituting 4 and 2.6
parabola
.2 Correctly re-arrange their equation to find a 2
.2 (a =)1.6/4 ACCEPT 1.6=4a
AG 0.4
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d AM1 (working with (x − 2) ) AM1

.1 1.4 = 0.4(x-2)2 + 1 or 0.4 = 0.4(x-2)2

.1 Correctly substitute 1.4 into the equation
.2 0.4/0.4= (x-2)2 or 1=(x-2)2
.2 Correctly rearrange to have (x-2)2 on one side

.3 Correctly square root both sides of their quadratic from .2 .3 x-2 =+-their1 OE ACCEPT x-2=their1 or x-2=their1

.4 Correctly identify 3 .4 (L=) 3 (m)

AM2
AM2 (expanding (x − 2)2 )
.1 1.4=0.4(x-2)2 + 1
.1 Correctly substitute 1.4 into the equation
.2 0.4x2-1.6x+1.6 +1 = 1.4 or x2-4x+3=0 OE
.2 Correct quadratic after expansion and multiplying by 0.4
−their1.6 ± their1.62 − 4(0.4 × their1.2)
.3 Correctly factorise their quadratic from .2 or correctly .3 their (x-3)(x-1) or OE
substitute their coefficients into quadratic formula 2(0.4)

.3 In the case when their bp2 is in the form ax 2 + c =0 , ACCEPT correctly solving their
4
−10
quadratic for x 2 Ex: if their bp2 is 0.4x 2 + 10 =
0 and x 2 =
0.4

.4 Correctly identify 3 .4 (L=) 3 (m)

AM3 (working with numbers) AM3

.1 Correctly substitute a value for x into the equation and .1 Ex: 0.4(5-2)2 + 1 = 4.6
calculate corresponding value of y

.2 Correctly substitute 1 into the equation and equate with 1.4 .2 0.4(1-2)2 + 1 = 1.4

.3 Correctly substitute 3 into the equation and equate with 1.4 .3 0.4(3-2)2 + 1 = 1.4

.4 (L=) 3 (m)
.4 Correctly identify 3
For Any AM:

Seeing only bp2 implies bp1 (so award 2 marks)

Seeing only bp3 implies bp1 and bp2 (so award 3 marks)
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Q5
Answers Notes Total

2
.1 correct probability .1 P(G'  C) ACCEPT P(C  G') ACCEPT using g instead of G and c instead of C

.2 correct statement .2 (Probability of selecting a person who) does not have two red hair genes and does not have red hair
.2 ACCEPT no red hair genes and no red hair WTTE
.2 ACCEPT not have two genes and not have red hair WTTE
.2 ACCEPT no red hair genes nor red hair WTTE
.2 ACCEPT no red hair genes or red hair WTTE
.2 ACCEPT neither red hair genes nor red hair WTTE
.2 ACCEPT neither red hair genes and red hair WTTE
 – 11 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

b .1 Correctly write 0.85 and the

complementary in the 2nd branch
(their0.1 and 0.94)

.2 Correctly write the P(C/G) as 0.9

.3 Correctly write their P(G’nC)

ACCEPT rounded to 2dp, Ex: their 0.05

c .1 Correctly add 0.135 to their 0.051 from .1 (P(C)=)0.135+their0.051 =0.186

b) to find P(C) .2 Either P(C)xP(G) not equal P(CnG) ie:0.15xtheir0.186 is not equal 0.135
2
.2 Correct reason based on their bp1 OR P(C/G) is not equal P(C) i.e. their0.9 is not equal 0.15xtheir0.186
AG independent
d .1 Correct lower bound .1 15450

.2 Multiply their0.186 seen in c) or here .2 their0.186xtheir15450 ACCEPT their0.186x15500

in d) by their 15450

3
.3 correctly write their result as a whole .3 their2873 OE ACCEPT 2874
number after multiplying a .3 ACCEPT only if bp1 or bp2 are awarded
probability by their15450 .3 ACCEPT their whole number to be a rounding up or down for their result
 – 12 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

e correctly write 70 in the appropriate

place

f .1 correct P(C) OR ratio 1 90

.1 ( =) or 0.1125 OE OR 90:800
N 800
.1 ACCEPT ratio in any notation Ex: 90 to 800
.1 ACCEPT their90 used in bp1 instead of 90 only if it is equal to 20+their70 from (g)
800 their90 1
.2 correctly write their N that satisfies .2 ( = ) their 8.88(8...) ACCEPT = OE
their90 800 their 8.88(8...)
their90 1 .2 ACCEPT (N=)8.88 or 8.9
their ratio = before
800 N .2 ACCEPT their90 used in bp2 being any number 3
rounding 90 1
.2 ACCEPT if their N satisfies their ratio =
their800 N
.3 correctly round up their N .3 their 9
.3 ACCEPT only if their bp2 needs rounding
.3 ACCEPT only if bp1 or bp2 awarded
 – 13 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

g correctly subtract their11.25 (their18.6-their11.25=) their7.(35)(%) ACCEPT their11.25 even if it is incorrect

from their18.6 seen in c) or d)
or calculated here ACCEPT only if percentage
ACCEPT positive or negative Ex: (18.6-20=)-1.4(%)
1
DO NOT ACCEPT their7.35(%) without working
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Q6 Answers Notes Total

a 30<A ≤40 ACCEPT in any notation
Ex:
30<A<40 or 30≤A<40 or 30≤A≤40
1
30 – 40
30 to 40
DO NOT ACCEPT 31≤A≤40 OE
b .1 Correct mid-interval values .1 5,15,25,35,45,55 ACCEPT seeing only four correct

.2 Add the product of their mid-interval values .2 5 × 59 + 15 × 72 + 25 × 54 + 35 × 126 + 45 × 15 + 55 × 5 OE or 8085

by frequency .2 ACCEPT seeing only four correct products OE added
their sum
.3 Divide their sum by 331 .3 ACCEPT their sum being any sum 4
331
.4 Correctly divide the sum of their products .4 their 24.(425...) ACCEPT only if 0<their24.(425…)<60
by 331 .4 DO NOT ACCEPT if it is the result of a sum divided by 331
Ex: ((5+15+25+35+45+55)/331=)0.54(38…)

c .1 Apply the ratio on 72 7 2 2

.1 72 × OE OR 72 × OE
9 9
.1 ACCEPT “9 is 72 so 7 is” OE

.2 56+59 or 59+72-16 or 131-16 ACCEPT 115-59=56 or 131-115=16

.2 Correct operation based on the data .2 ACCEPT in words. Ex: add 56 to 59
115 AG Note: Seeing only bp2 award 1 mark
Ex: seeing only 56+59=115 or 115-59=56 award 1 mark
d .1 Multiply 1400 or 90 by 15% OE .1 0.15x1400 or 210 or 0.15x90 or 13.5 OE ACCEPT 1400x90 or 126000
2
.2 Correct result .2 (0.15x1400x90=)($)18900
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6 e 10

Mark 1 2
Identify Two from the four factors below mentioned in the factors box Three from the four factors mentioned in the
factors (F) factors box
• Number of children or number of users of playground
ACCEPT under 14
ACCEPT using numbers even if incorrect. Ex: there are 56 children

• Number of adults or number of users of fitness centre

ACCEPT above 14
ACCEPT using numbers even if incorrect. Ex: there are 200 adults

• Needed area per child or children per m2

ACCEPT area or size of playground
ACCEPT using numbers even if incorrect. Ex: 50m2 for 24 children or 3 m2 per child

• Cost
ACCEPT money spent
ACCEPT using numbers even if incorrect. Ex: ($)15 per m2 for playground or ($)1000 for fitness

ACCEPT
Factors that WTTE
Ex: “not everyone is going to use the playground” is WTTE for the 1st factor
Ex: “not everyone uses the fitness: is WTTE for the 2nd factor
The use of “residents scheduled for” instead of “number of”. The use of the word “gym” instead of “fitness centre”.
“Number of people” or “Number of residents in apartments” or “Number of users” instead of either the 1st factor or the 2nd factor but not both
“Number of children in 15m2” instead of either the 1st factor or the 3rd factor but not both
“People under 14 and older” as the 1st factor only
“cost of maintenance for the playground/recreational area” as the 4th factor only
“Residents scheduled for the playground and for the gym” as the 1st and 2nd factors
DO NOT ACCEPT
Incomplete factors (using just a word). Examples: Number or Age or Area or recreational area or maintenance or children or adults

Factors related to budget. Example: Maintenance budget or number of apartments or the ($)1400 or the 15% or ($)18900
“Budget of the recreational area”

1 2 3 4 5
 – 16 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Weak attempt to calculate Good attempt to calculate maintenance Correctly calculate the Correctly calculate the Correctly calculate the
Calc. (C) maintenance cost for area of cost for area of playground (involves two maintenance cost for the maintenance cost for total cost for
playground (involves one correct operations) area of playground the area of playground recreation area
correct operation) Ex: monthly or yearly monthly or yearly
Ex: 15 115 15
• ( × 115 or )287.5
= ( × 115 × 2 =
)($)575 (monthly) (monthly)
• 6 in 15 so 115 is… 6 0.4 6
ACCEPT [570,600] (600+1200=)
6 ACCEPT [285,300] ACCEPT [1770,1800]
• = 0.4 OE Ex:
15 (yearly)
115 (15 × 2 × 19 =
)($)570
15 • ( ×2 =
)38.33... ACCEPT [6840,7200] (yearly)
• = 2.5 OE (15 × 2 × 20 =)($)600 (600x12+1200x12=)
6 6
ACCEPT [38,40] (290 × 2 = )($)580 AND ACCEPT
115
ACCEPT • = 19.16... OE or 20 [21240,21600]
rounding 6
• (15 × 115 × 2 =
) ($)3450 ACCEPT [570,600] Correctly identify the
in • 15 × 115 = 1725 maintenance cost for
calculatio • Multiply area by 2 area of fitness ($)1200
ns • (30/6=)($)5
Ex: 15 × 2 = 30
Ex: 115x2=230 Note: For all the above, only one more
remaining operation is needed to reach
the maintenance cost.
OR OR OR
Correct number of fitness Correctly identify the maintenance cost Good attempt to calculate
centre users for area of fitness ($)1200 maintenance cost for area of
(331 − 115 =)216 playground (involves two
OR correct operations)
Correctly identify the AND
maintenance cost for area of Correctly identify the
fitness based on their number maintenance cost for area of
of adults fitness ($)1200
Their($)1200 (for their216
adult)
 – 17 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Mark 1 2
Accuracy Correct sensible rounding seen in any calculation and ACCEPT not seeing the value
(A) before rounding Ex:
Round their19.1666 to their 19.2 or their19 or their20 ACCEPT 115/6=19.2
Round their 287.5 to 285 or 288 or 290 or 300

ACCEPT
Rounding up or down
No rounding of exact calculations leading to whole numbers only if C3 is achieved
“my calculations do not need rounding” WTTE and C1 or C2 achieved with a result of a
whole number

DO NOT ACCEPT
Insensible rounding. In particular, rounding to two decimal places.
Ex: 19.16666 = 19.17
 – 18 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Mark 1 2

Justify ACCEPT ONLY IF C1 is achieved ACCEPT ONLY IF C4 is achieved

(J)
Justify suitability by comparing their calculations of maintenance cost to their budget from Justify suitability by comparing the correct calculations of
d) maintenance cost to their budget from d)
Ex:
Maintenance cost exceeds the budget so not good WTTE The maintenance cost exceeds budget so not good WTTE
Maintenance cost is less than budget so it is fine WTTE The maintenance cost is less than budget so it is fine WTTE
The suitable budget should be their1800 × 12 = ($)their21600 per year WTTE The suitable budget should be 1800 × 12 = ($)21600 per year
their1800 WTTE
The suitable budget should be ( =)($)their20 per apartment per month WTTE
90 1800
The suitable budget should be ( = )($)20 per apartment per
ACCEPT 90
Incorrect justification by comparing correct monthly maintenance cost with their yearly month WTTE
budget ACCEPT
Ex: 1800 less than 18900, so it is suitable Correct justification implied by comparing correct monthly
OR maintenance cost with their yearly budget
The correct cost and their corresponding (monthly or yearly) budget seen OE without Ex: The monthly cost is 1800 and the budget is 18900 so not
comment (at least C4 achieved) suitable
Ex: seeing the cost as ($)1800 and the budget as (their18900/12=)($)their1575
Ex: seeing the cost as ($)21240 and the budget as their ($)18900 DO NOT ACCEPT
Ex: the remaining for fitness is 1575-575=($)1000 and we see cost fitness ($)1200 Justification by comparing monthly value with yearly value
OR Ex: 1800 less than 18900 so it is suitable
General justification of suitability
Ex:
-The spaces calculated are just estimates so calculations are estimates
-Collect more money for maintenance just in case
-Number of persons in each category will vary overtime and hence the areas need to
consider being a bit bigger for the future use. WTTE
- Some families may get new babies and children number increases so we need to have
the recreation spaces a bit bigger
-Some of the children will become adults soon so we need to have the fitness spaces a
bit bigger
NOTE
ACCEPT Seeing just the word ”budget” when comparing instead of their actual value in part (d). Check their value in part (d) when marking the justification
 – 19 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Q7 Answers Notes Total

a Correctly place 9 and 11 Number of
Stage (n)
squares (Q)
1 1
2 3
3 5 1
4 7
5 9
6 11
b .1 correctly describe one pattern for Q ACCEPT complete terminology only, for example (below are four different descriptions)
in words (The) odd numbers
increasing by 2, adds 2, goes up by 2, moving up by 2
difference 2, common difference 2, linear with difference 2, arithmetic with difference 2
.2 correctly describe a second pattern second difference is zero
for Q in words
DO NOT ACCEPT incomplete terminology, for example: Arithmetic, linear, increasing by a constant, constant
difference

DO NOT ACCEPT general description, for example:

Integers, whole numbers, positive

DO NOT ACCEPT the rule in words or description related to n for example: 2 times n minus 1, n multiplied by
2
2 minus 1, WTTE
DO NOT ACCEPT
n goes up by 1
It is increasing
general rules in terms of n, example: Q = 2n-1
Note, in the case when they have more than two different patterns:

If two are accepted and the rest are all correct: award 2 marks
Ex: odd numbers and adds 2 and Second difference is zero and it is 2 times n then subtract 1.
Ex: odd numbers and goes up by 2 and linear and difference is 2

If two are accepted and any of the rest is incorrect: award 1 mark
Ex: increases by 2 and Second difference is zero and it is divisible by 2
If only one is accepted, ignore the rest and award 1 mark
 – 20 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

c .1 the correct general rule .1 (Q =) 2n-1 or (Q =) (2n–1) or Q =2x-1 or Q =1+2(n-1) Q=2xn-1 or Q=2*n-1

.2 the correct simplified general rule .2 Q = 2n–1 ACCEPT Q=(2n-1)

with correct notation
ACEEPT using Qn instead of Q
ACCEPT Q=n2-1
ACCEPT using q and N 2
DO NOT ACCEPT description in words

SC 1 mark in 8d and consequently mark 8e as appropriate

If NR in 8d and correct general rule seen in 8c or 8e
If they write in 8d the rule in terms of u1 and d Ex: u1 + (n − 1)d then in 8e, when they test or verify, they directly
use 1 instead of u1 and 2 instead of d
d ·1 Correctly substitute n ≥ 5 into their .1 Ex: 2x5-1
general rule ·2 Ex: 9

·2 Correctly calculate their value of P .3 “the same as when we continue the pattern” WTTE and states how
after substituting n ≥ 5 Ex: For n=7, 13 is obtained from pattern of adding 2 to 11
For n=7, 13-2=11
·3 Recognize that their result is the
same as the correctly predicted value ·3 ACCEPT if their value from .2 is the same as their value in the table in part a) or seen here in part d)
3
Ex: we see their calculated P=9 and we see P=9 in their table

SC for 1 mark
Correctly test their general rule by applying the steps of verification mentioned in the left column with a value of
n≤4
SC for 1 mark
verify with n ≥ 5 the correctly described pattern or recursive rule from part b) or c)

e Correctly write the value of u1 and the u1=2 and d=3

value of d ACCEPT 2+(n-1)x3 1

f Correct substitution of 7 into the 2+(n- 2+(7-1)x3 or 2+6x3

1)x3 ACCEPT incorrect notation
ACCEPT in words 1
DO NOT ACCEPT other operations
DO NOT ACCEPT substitution in the recursive rule
 – 21 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Glossary for task 3

Term used Clarification
General rule Rule in terms of only n (if they use x, it is still general rule but
penalise in notation)
The general The correct general rule in terms of only n (if they use x, it is still
rule the general rule but penalise in notation)
Their general Incorrect rule but in terms of only n (if they use x, it is still their
rule general rule but penalise in notation)
Their rule Correct rule not in terms of only n
Recursive rule
or or

We accept subsequent use of their general rule (when marking D,T,V,J,N, and L) provided it is of similar complexity. In general, the complexity of the rule depends on its
form. The table below shows examples.

The general rule ACCEPT for their DO NOT ACCEPT for their general rule
general rule
linear constant
Qudratic or Linear or constant
exponential

Stage number Area of shape

(n) (B)
1 2
2 15
3 40
4 77
5 126
6 187
7 260
8 345
 – 22 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Mark 1 2 3 4
Predictions Correctly predict two terms for B
(P)
ACCEPT whether in the table or in the
response box
Description Correctly describe a pattern in words or Correctly describe two patterns in Correctly describe two patterns in Correctly describe two patterns in
(D) recursive rule for B words for B (or one pattern and the words for B (or one pattern and words for B (or one pattern and the
( Bn +1 =Bn + 12n + 1 or =
Bn Q(n + Q) ) recursive rule for B) the recursive rule for B) AND recursive rule for B)
Valid attempt to write down a
ACCEPT Examples of different patterns: (can be general rule for B AND
incorrect seen anywhere in the response)
terminologi even then odd then even then odd Correctly write down the general rule
es, difference is odd for B
notation the increase increases by 12
errors, non- first difference increases by 12
simplified second difference 12
rule, or rule It is quadratic
in words
but penalize ACCEPT patterns described with incorrect
in notation terminologies or recursive rule with
(N) incorrect notation but penalise in notation
(N).
OR OR OR
Ignore Valid attempt to write down a general rule Correctly describe a pattern in words Correctly write down the general
additional for B for A (or the recursive rule for B) AND rule for B
incorrect 2 valid attempt to write down a general
patterns Ex: B = 6n B = 6n2 − 5n + 1
Ex: An exponential rule that satisfies one rule for B
value for n
DO NOT ACCEPT
Descriptions of how bricks are added
Goes up by 13,25,37,…
Recursive rule in words
Second difference constant
 – 23 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Mark 1 2 3
Testing Attempt to test their general rule for B using n ≤ 4 Correctly test their general rule for B using n ≤
(T) 4 Ex:
Ex: Correctly calculate their value for B in their
Substitute in their general rule for B value of n ≤ 4 general rule using n ≤ 4
AND
OR
Recognise that their correctly calculated value
Correctly test their described pattern or their rule (e.g. the
for B is the same as the given value.
recursive rule for B or their linear rule for B)

ACCEPT
seeing their correctly calculated value for B and
the given value in the table being equal

Attempt to verify their general rule for B using n ≥ 5 Correctly calculate their value for B in their Correctly calculate their value for B in
Verifying general rule using n ≥ 5 the general rule using n ≥ 5
(V) Ex: AND
Correctly substitute in their general rule for B value of n ≥ Recognise that their correctly
5 calculated value for B is the same as
OR the correct predicted value obtained by
Correctly verify their described pattern or their rule (e.g. continuing the pattern
the recursive rule for B or their linear rule for B) ACCEPT
seeing their correctly calculated value
for B and the correctly predicted value
in the table being equal
 – 24 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Mark 1 2 3 4
Justify/ ACCEPT only if D1 is achieved ACCEPT only if they have a ACCEPT only if they have the ACCEPT only if they have the
proof general rule for B correct general rule for B correct general rule for B
(J)
Attempt to justify their general rule Correctly justify the general rule Attempt to justify the general rule Correctly justify the general rule for
aligned with their notation for their aligned with their notation for the for B in relation to the context B in relation to the context
general rule or recursive rule by general rule for A by correctly
attempting to find coefficients of substituting and finding parameters Ex:= B Q(n+ Q) And (2n-1)x(3n-1) Ex:
quadratic using any method B=number of Squares times
Ex : number of bricks placed on the
B = 1x2 , 3x5 , 5x8, 7x11,...etc square And (2n-1)x(3n-1)
And (2n-1)x(3n-1)
Ex:
OR OR Ex: Substitute N=2n-1 and d=3 in
Weak attempt to justify their general Weak attempt to justify the general N N
S
= (2u1 + (N− 1)d) S
= N (2u1 + (N− 1)d)
rule for B in relation to arithmetic rule for B in relation to arithmetic N
2 2
series series or using numbers in the using N=2n-1 and d=3 And simplify correctly the
Ex: context (2n − 1)
(2 × 2 + (2n − 1 − 1) × 3)
Ex: (what is added forms arithmetic OR 2
sequence with u1=13 and d=12 Good attempt to prove by induction
Ex: realizing B is N OR
Ex: S = (2u1 + (N− 1)d) but either N
N N
2 Correct proof by induction
S=N (2u1 + (N− 1)d) but using N and
2 incorrect or d incorrect
d incorrect Ex :
OR B = 1x2 , 3x5 , 5x8,...etc
Substitute at least two other values of And either (2n-1) or (3n-1) in the
n in their general rule for B product of the rules
and say they are the same or
hence the rule works WTTE
 – 25 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Mark 1 2 3
Notation and ACCEPT only if D1 achieved ACCEPT only if D3 achieved ACCEPT only if D3 achieved
terminology Correct notation of their general rule for B Correct notation of the general rule for A in Correct notation of the general rule for B in
(N) simplest form simplest form (see examples in N2)
B = 6n2 − 5n + 1 AND
Correctly describe one pattern in words for B
ACCEPT using Bn or An instead of B using correct terminology or correct recursive rule
for B using correct notation
OR
The notation of the general rule includes errors or ACCEPT
not simplified or in words (see examples in N1)
using Un instead of B only if they mention that
AND Correctly describe one pattern in words for
A using correct terminology or correct recursive B = Un
rule for A using correct notation
OR ACCEPT DO NOT ACCEPT
The notation of the general rule includes errors using Un instead of B only if they mention that using * for multiplication
or not simplified or in words Ex: using / for division
B = Un
B=6xn^2-5n+1 using ^ for power
2
The rule for B is B = 6n − 5n + 1 using x instead of n
B =(2n− 1)(3n− 1) DO NOT ACCEPT DO NOT ACCEPT
using * for multiplication if they don’t have the general rule for B
using / for division
using ^ for power
using x instead of n
OR DO NOT ACCEPT
Correctly describe one pattern in words for B if they don’t have the general rule for B
using correct terminology or correct recursive rule
for B using correct notation
Bn +1 =Bn + 12n + 1 or Bn = Bn −1 + 12n − 11 or
Bn Q(n + Q)
=
 – 26 – mathemoeengtz0xxm

Mark 1 2 3
Communication At least three from the following items ACCEPT only if they have a general rule ACCEPT only if they have the general rule for B
(L) are seen: At least four of the following items are seen: The following two items must be seen :
• describe a pattern in words • describe a pattern in words • write the general rule for B
Organisation and • write a rule • write a general rule • justify the general rule (at least J2)
coherence • test their general rule or rule or • test their general rule (at least T1) AND
Can be awarded recursive rule or pattern (at least T1) • • verify their general rule (at least V1) At least two of the following items are seen:
even if there are verify their general rule or rule or • justify their general rule (at least J1) • describe a pattern or rule in words
errors recursive rule or pattern (at least V1) •
AND • test the general rule (at least T1)
For items: justify their general rule or rule or • verify the general rule (at least V1)
recursive rule or pattern (at least J1) For coherence, they identify the processes correctly.
Describing AND
At least one from the following:
pattern and For coherence, they identify the processes correctly.
• test
writing rule can At least two from the following:
• verify
be considered an • test
item even if D0 • justify
Ex: • verify
awarded
• For test: • justify
they say “test” and they substitute in their general rule Ex:
value(s) of n≤4 only • For test:
they say “test” and they substitute in the general rule
• For verify: for B value(s) of n ≤ 4 only
they say “verify” and they substitute in their general
rule value(s) of n≥5 only • For verify:
they say “verify” and they substitute in the general rule
• For justify: for B value(s) of n≥5 only
They say “justify” and they write a justification
• For justify:
Note for coherence: They say “justify” and they write a justification
If they say “test and verify” and they substitute in their
general rule value(s) of n≤4 followed by value(s) of Note for coherence:
n≥5, consider it as only one identified process If they say “test and verify” and they substitute in the
general rule value(s) of n≤4 followed by value(s) of
n≥5, consider it as only one identified process