Crash

A project has the following activities and relationships

Activity Successor Normal Crash Normal Crash Constraint
duration duration cost (LE) Cost (LE)
Z A 4 2 2660 2800 -
A B,D 10 7 5000 5750 -
B - 5 3 3500 4900 D2A
D - 8 6 7150 8150 D3C,L4E
E D 10 6 2800 3200 D5X
X E 5 3 4000 4300 -

Y C 5 5 5000 5000 -

C D 7 4 5000 5600 -

1) Contract time 20 days 2) Find total time of the 3) Find the minimum total
Penalty Value 300 LE/Day project with least total cost time of the project (Crash
Indirect cost 100 LE/day Indirect cost 100 LE/day as much as you can)
Indirect cost 100 LE/day

What is your recommendation?

 Activity Successor

Z A
A B,D
B -
D -
E D
0 5 D5 X E
10 20 L4 Y C
X E C D
5 10
16
16 24
5 12 D3 15
0 5 D
0 0
Y C 14
Start 8 24 24 24
7
0 5 Finish
21
0

0 4 4 14 16 21
Z A D2 B
4 10 5
1) Contract time 20 days, Penalty Value 300 LE/Day and Indirect cost 100 LE/day

• Total cost = Direct cost + Indirect cost + Penalty cost

• Total Direct cost = Ʃ Normal cost for each activity
=2660+5000+3500+7150+2800+4000+5000+5000= 35110 L.E.
• Penalty cost = Penalty cost per month * No. of delayed month
= 300 * 4 = 1200 L.E.

• Indirect cost = 100 * 24 = 2400 LE

• Total cost = Direct cost + Indirect cost + Penalty cost
= 35110 + 2400 +1200 = 38710 L.E.
Total Normal Total crashed Total Penalty
Total time Indirect cost Total cost
Cost cost Value
24 35110 2400 0 1200 38710

• In This case total time of the project will be 24 day and Contractor
will deliver the project 4 days later than the time in the contract.
• To avoid this delay the crash will be applied to this network to
deliver the project as possible as contract time.
The Crash rules :

1) Apply Crash only on activities which affect the total time.

2) Crash the least cost activity according to the least cost slope
𝑪𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝑪.𝑪. −𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕(𝑵.𝑪.)
Cost Slope = L.E \ time
𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝑵.𝑫.) −𝑪𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒅 𝑫𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝑪.𝑫.)

3) Activity will be crashed according to it’s crashability

Crash Duration (C.D.)
Crashability = Normal Duration(N.D.) – Max.
Lag Factor (F)

Note That: IF lag factor ≥ Normal duration , Crashability =0

 Scenario of ending the project with in 23 d

150 100 500

X E D 1E = 1 * 100 = 100 L.E.
(24d 23d)
2 4 2

200 500
Y C D NO need for crashing this path
(23 23)
3 2

70 250 500
Z D NO need for crashing this path
A (22 23)
2 3 2

70 250 700
Z A B (21 23) NO need for crashing this path
2 3 2

Total Crashed Cost = 100 L.E.

 0 5 D5 10 19 L4
X E
5 9 15
15 23
5 12 D3 15
0 5 D
0 0
Y C 14
Start 8 23 23 23
5 7
0 Finish
21
0

0 4 4 14 16 21
Z A D2 B
4 10 5

Total Normal Indirect Total Total Penalty

Total time Total cost
Cost cost crashed cost Value
23 35110 2300 100 900 38410
 Scenario of ending the project with in 22 d

150 100 500

X E D 1E = 1 * 100 = 100 L.E.
(23d 22d)
2 3 2

200 500
Y C D 1C = 200 L.E.
(23d 22)
3 2

70 250 500
Z D NO need for crashing this path
A (22 22)
2 3 2

70 250 700
Z A B (21 22) NO need for crashing this path
2 3 2

Total Crashed Cost = 100 + 200 = 300 L.E.

 0 5 D5 10 18 L4
X E
5 8 14
14 22
5 11 D3 14
0 5 D
0 0
Y C 14
Start 8 22 22 22
5 6
0 Finish
21
0

0 4 4 14 16 21
Z A D2 B
4 10 5

Total Normal Indirect Total Total Penalty

Total time Total cost
Cost cost crashed cost Value

22 35110 2200 400 600 38310

 Scenario of ending the project with in 21 d

150 100 500

X E D (22d 21d) 1E = 1* 100 = 100 L.E.
2 2 2

200 500
Y C D 1C = 1 * 200 = 200 L.E.
(22 21)
2 2

70 250 500
Z A D (22 1Z = 70 L.E.
21)
2 3 2

70 250 700
Z A B (21 21) NO need for crashing this path
2 3 2

Total Crashed Cost = 100 + 200 + 70 = 370 L.E.

 0 5 D5 10 17 L4
X E
5 7 13
13 21
5 10 D3 13
D
0 0 0 5
Y C 13
Start 8 21 21 21
5 5
0 Finish
20
0

0 3 3 13 15 20
Z A D2 B
3 10 5

Total Normal Indirect Total Total Penalty

Total time Total cost
Cost cost crashed cost Value

21 35110 2100 770 300 38280

The Path which need to be crashed are the paths gives total time more
than contract time (20 d)

150 100 500 1E = 1*100 = 100 L.E.

X E D (21d 20d)
2 1 2

200 500 1C = 1 * 200 = 200 L.E.

Y C D (21 20)
1 2

70 250 500 1Z = 1 * 70 = 70 L.E.

Z A D (21 20)
1 3 2

70 250 700
Z A B (20 20) NO need for crashing this path
1 3 2

Total Crashed Cost = 100 + 200 + 70 = 370 L.E.

 0 5 D5 10 16 L4
X E
5 6 12
12 20
5 9 D3 12
D
0 0 0 5
Y C 12
Start 8 20 20 20
5 4
0 Finish
19
0

0 2 2 12 14 19
Z A D2 B
2 10 5

Total Normal Indirect Total Total Penalty

Total time Total cost
Cost cost crashed cost Value

20 35110 2000 1140 0 38250

The Path which need to be crashed are the paths gives total time more
than contract time (20 d)

150 100 500 4E = 4*100 = 400 L.E.

X E D (24d 20d)
2 4 2

200 500 3C = 3 * 200 = 600 L.E.

Y C D (23 20)
3 2

70 250 500 2Z = 2 * 70 = 140 L.E.

Z A D (22 20)
2 3 2

70 250 700 This path is already crashed 1Z from

Z A B (21 20) the previous path (Z is Shared
2 3 2 activity in the two paths)

Total Crashed Cost = 600 + 400 + 140 = 1140 L.E.

 • Scenarios of the different completion time of the project can be
estimated according to this table:

Total Total Total

Total Indirect
Normal crashed Penalty Total cost
time cost
Cost cost Value
24 35110 2400 0 1200 38710
23 35110 2300 100 900 38410
22 35110 2200 400 600 38310
21 35110 2100 770 300 38280
20 35110 2000 1140 0 38250

Respect reputation and apply scenario 20 w

2) Find total time of the project with least total cost
• Indirect cost 100 LE/day

• Scenarios of the different completion time of the project can be

estimated according to this table:

Total Total Total

Total Indirect Total
Normal crashed Penalty
time cost cost
Cost cost Value
24 35110 0 2400 - 37510
23 35110 100 2300 - 37510 Target
22 35110 400 2200 - 37710
Stop if the total cost increased

Total time of the project with least total cost is 23

3) Find the minimum total time of the project (Crash as much as you can)
• Indirect cost 100 LE/day

150 100 500 • Maximum Crashability for the whole

X E D 24 path is 2+4+2 = 8
2 4 2 • Minimum total time for this path = 16

200 500 • Maximum Crashability for the whole

Y C D path is 3+2 = 5
23 • Minimum total time for this path = 18
3 2

70 250 500 • Maximum Crashability for the whole

Z A D 22 path is 2+3+2 = 7
2 3 2 • Minimum total time for this path = 15

70 250 700 • Maximum Crashability for the whole

Z A B 21 path is 2+3+2 = 7
2 3 2 • Minimum total time for this path = 14

• Take the largest total time form the paths (16, 18, 15, 14) =18
• Minimum Total time of the project will be 18
3) Find the minimum total time of the project (Crash as much as you can)
• Indirect cost 100 LE/day
150 100 500
4E = 4*100 = 400 L.E.
X E D (24 18)
2 4 2

200 500 3C + 2D = (3 * 200) +

Y C D (23 18) (2*500) = 1600 L.E.
3 2

70 250 500
Z A D (22 18) 2Z = 2 * 70 = 140 L.E.
2 3 2

70 250 700
Z A B (21 18) 1 A = 250 L.E.
2 3 2

Total Crashed Cost = 2390 L.E.

 0 5 D5 10 16 L4
X E
5 6
12
12 18
5 9 D3 12
0 5 D
0 0
Y C 11
Start 6 18 18 18
4
0 5 Finish
18
0

0 2 2 11 13 18
Z A D2 B
2 9 5

Total Normal Indirect Total Total Penalty

Total time Total cost
Cost cost crashed cost Value

18 35110 1800 2390 - 39300

 Update
During construction feedback from the site at
day 6th as following:
1) Act. Y finished at day 6th
2) Act X finished as scheduled
3) Act. E start will delayed due to lack of
resource, the new start will be at day 11th
4) Act. A will finish late by 2 days due to
weather conditions
 0 5 D5 10 16 L4
X E
5 6 12
12 20
5 9 D3 12
D
0 0 0 5
Y C 12
Start 8 20 20 20
5 4
0 Finish
19
0

0 2 2 12 14 19
Z A D2 B
2 10 5

Total Normal Indirect Total Total Penalty

Total time Total cost
Cost cost crashed cost Value

20 35110 2000 1140 0 38250

 The Updated Network
11 17
L4
D5 E
6
13 14 22
6 10 D3 13
D
6 6
C 14
Start 8 22 22 22
4
0 Finish
21
0

6 14 16 21
A D2 B
8 5

Total Cost before Increase in Total Penalty

Total time Total cost
construction for 20 d Indirect cost Value

22 38250 200 600 39050

The Path which need to be crashed are the paths gives total time more
than contract time (21 d)

150 100 500

X E D (21d 21d) NO need for crashing this path
2 0 2

200 500
Y C D (21 21)
0 2

70 250 500 1A = 1 * 250 = 250 L.E.

Z A D (22 21)
0 3 2

70 250 700
Z A B (21 20) NO need for crashing this path
0 3 2

Total Crashed Cost = 250L.E.

 The Updated Network
11 17
L4
D5 E
6
13 13 21
6 10 D3 13
D
6 6
C 13
Start 8 21 21 21
4
0 Finish
20 0

6 13 15 20
A D2 B
7 5

Total Decrease in Decrease in Total Increase in

Total Cost 22 d Total cost
time Indirect cost Penalty Value crash cost

21 39050 -100 -300 250 38900

The Path which need to be crashed are the paths gives total time more
than contract time (21 d)

150 100 500

X E D (21d 20d) 1D = 500 L.E
2 0 2

200 500 NO need for crashing this path

Y C D (21 20) (D is shared activity)
0 2

70 250 500
NO need for crashing this path
Z A D (21 20) (D is shared activity)
0 2 2

70 250 700
Z A B (20 20) NO need for crashing this path
0 2 2

Total Crashed Cost = 500 L.E.

 The Updated Network 11 17
L4
D5 E
6
13 13 20
6 10 D3 13
D
6 6
C 13
Start 7 20 20 20
4
0 Finish
20 0

6 13 15 20
A D2 B
7 5

Total Decrease in Decrease in Total Increase in

Total Cost 21 d Total cost
time Indirect cost Penalty Value crash cost

20 38900 -100 -300 500 39000

 Expressions used in the update report

• The duration of activity A will be shorten to 4

• The duration of activity A will be shorten by 4
• 2 days were lost due to waiting of required resource.
• Activity has been omitted from the project
• The % complete of Activity D is 50%
• The remaining duration of act. A is 3 days
• The activity A has 3 days left.
• The Activity A is expected to take 2 days more
• Activity A started on the morning of day 22
• Activity A cannot start before the end of day 22
• Activity A cannot start before the start of day 22