Module 1: Human Behavior in Organization
1. Organizational Behavior (OB)
➢ The study of how individuals, groups, and structures impact behavior in organizations.
➢ Aims to improve organizational effectiveness.
➢ Examines attitudes and behaviors of employees.
2. Disciplines Contributing to OB
➢ Psychology – Studies human behavior, motivation, and emotions.
➢ Sociology– Examines social systems and group dynamics.
➢ Social Psychology – Focuses on influences individuals have on one another.
➢ Anthropology – Studies societies and human interactions.
3. Historical Perspectives on OB
➢ Adam Smith (1776) - Division of Labor: Workers specialize in tasks to increase efficiency.
➢ Frederick Taylor (1911) - Scientific Management: Managers plan, workers execute tasks efficiently.
➢ Henri Fayol (1919) - Theory of Administration: Identified management functions and principles.
4. Key Management Principles
➢ Division of Labor – Specialization increases productivity.
➢ Authority & Responsibility – Managers must have authority to give orders.
➢ Centralization – Decision-making is concentrated at top levels.
➢ Unity of Command – Employees receive orders from only one superior.
➢ Unity of Direction– Teams with similar goals should work under one manager.
5. Perspectives in OB
➢ Systems Perspective – Organizations receive inputs (materials, human, financial, informational), transform them, and produce outputs
(products/services).
➢ Situational Perspective – Outcomes depend on various factors and conditions.
➢ Interactionalism – People shape organizations, and organizations shape people.
6. Management Functions
➢ Planning – Defining goals and deciding how to achieve them.
➢ Organizing – Assigning tasks and structuring the organization.
➢ Leading – Motivating and guiding employees.
➢ Controlling – Monitoring performance and making corrections.
7. Managerial Roles (Henry Mintzberg)
Interpersonal Roles
➢ Figurehead – Represents the company in formal settings.
➢ Leader – Motivates and directs employees.
➢ Liaison – Maintains internal and external relationships.
Informational Roles
➢ Monitor – Gathers and analyzes information.
➢ Disseminator – Shares information within the organization.
➢ Spokesperson – Communicates information externally.
Decisional Roles
➢ Entrepreneur – Innovates and improves the organization.
➢ Disturbance Handler – Resolves conflicts and crises.
➢ Resource Allocator – Distributes resources effectively.
➢ Negotiator – Manages agreements and deals.
8. Management Skills
➢ Technical Skills – Ability to perform specific tasks.
➢ Interpersonal Skills – Ability to communicate and work with others.
➢ Conceptual Skills – Ability to think strategically.
➢ Diagnostic Skills – Ability to analyze and solve problems.
9. Challenges in Organizational Behavior
➢ Economic Implications – Impact of financial conditions on work behavior.
➢ Employee Engagement & Retention – Keeping employees motivated and satisfied.
➢ Technological Advancements– Adapting to new tools and systems.
