[ Chapter 1 Topics ]

o it means dignity, well-being for all, not just the absence of war (UN officials SOCIAL / NATIONAL PEACE o a level of peace that involves understanding people of different social groups
convened by General Assembly)
o a level of peace that involves love and respect among neighbors of the local
o manifested as a societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and LOCAL PEACE
community
violence (Union of International Associations)
PEACE o defined as merely the absence of war or direct violence (Hugo Grotius) o a level of peace that involves respect for the culture and way of life of other
INTERNATIONAL PEACE
o absence of death and destruction as a result of war and direct violence (Thee, nations
1982)
o a level of peace that advocates environmental protection as a factor in creating
o lasting suspension of violent modes of rivalry among political units (Raymond ENVIRONMENTAL PEACE
peaceful relations
Aron)

o in this concept, peace is understood as a lack of conflict and freedom from fear of
SOCIAL SENSE
violence between individuals or group
o defined by World Health Organization in the World Report on Violence and
BEHAVIORAL RESTRAINTS o being established by the government to ensure no rights are being trampled on VIOLENCE Health as the intentional use of physical force or power (threatened or actual)
( Krug, Mercy J, et al, 2002 ) against oneself, another person or community that results in injury, death, harm,
PEACEFUL INNER or maldevelopment
o results in peaceful behavior
DISPOSITION
1.5 MILLION PEOPLE o the estimated number of lives taken by violence annually
o considered important in establishing behavioral peace
PSYCHOLOGICAL PEACE o believes that having a sense of tranquility in oneself contributes to society by 50 % o represents the proportion of deaths attributed to suicide
resolving issues, hence spreading peace
35 % o represents the proportion of deaths attributed to homicide
o DIRECT / PHYSICAL VIOLENCE
2 Types of Violence
o INDIRECT / STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE 12 % o represents the proportion of deaths attributed to direct war

DIRECT VIOLENCE o physical harm or injury inflicted upon a person or group by another individual 3% o represents the proportion of deaths attributed to other forms of conflicts

o a shift of attention to violence that happened in 1960s that encompasses harm o according to him, violence has lifelong consequences for victim’s physical and
BALAMURUGAN, 2019
resulting from structural mechanisms perpetuating inequality rather than direct mental health that can slow economic and social development
physical force
INDIRECT VIOLENCE o ORGANIZED VIOLENCE
o occurs when wealth of nation is based on labor and people are required to live Categories of Violence o INDIRECT VIOLENCE
diminished lives of deprivation (Monez, 1973) o UNORGANIZED VIOLENCE
(Reardon) o CULTURAL VIOLENCE
o examples include extreme poverty, poor health services, and discrimination o DIRECT VIOLENCE

8 Pillars of Peace o Well-functioning Government o Good Relations of Neighbors ORGANIZED VIOLENCE o refers to war that occurs between or within the state
(by Institute for Economics o Equitable Distribution of Resources o Free Flow of Information
o usually done by an individual or groups in spontaneous
and Peace) o Acceptance of the Rights of Others o High Level of Human Capital UNORGANIZED VIOLENCE
o e.g. wife battering, rape, child abuse
(WEASGFHL) o Sound Business Environment o Low Level of Corruption
DIRECT / PHYSICAL o also known as behavioral violence
o PERSONAL PEACE VIOLENCE o e.g. war, bullying, domestic violence
o LOCAL PEACE
7 Levels of Peace o DOMESTIC PEACE
o INTERNATIONAL PEACE
(PDISLIE) o INTER-PERSONAL PEACE INDIRECT / STRUCTURAL o often unconscious, which also results from unjust social and economic structures
o ENVIRONMENTAL PEACE
o SOCIAL/NATIONAL PEACE VIOLENCE o e.g. poverty and deprivation of all kinds
o a level of peace which encompasses a state of tranquility of mind in oneself that CULTURAL VIOLENCE o the destruction of human way of life, the violence of sexism, racism, and other
PERSONAL PEACE
rises due to having no mental disturbances (Council of Europe, 2017) forms of moral exclusion that rationalize aggression, domination, and oppression

DOMESTIC PEACE o a level of peace that comes from mutual respect among family members o PHYSICAL o PSYCHOLOGICAL
Modes of Violence
o SEXUAL o CULTURAL
o a level of peace that involves acceptance of diversity among people and relating to
INTER-PERSONAL PEACE
others with compassion
 o SELF-DIRECTED VIOLENCE – self-violence or suicide o SELF-RESPECT – having a sense of own worth and sense of pride
Typology of Violence
o INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE – violence between family and intimate partner o RESPECT FOR OTHERS – having a sense of worth and dignity of other people
(Victim-Perpetrator)
o COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE – violence committed by larger groups o SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY – willingness to take action to contribute to society
o RESPECT FOR LIFE / NONVIOLENCE – valuing human life
Causes of Violence o PERSONAL o COMMUNITY
o GENDER EQUALITY – valuing women rights and enjoy equal opportunities with men
(Nature vs Nurture) o FAMILY OR FRIENDS o SOCIETY List of Attitudes / Values
o COMPASSION – sensitivity to suffering of other people and acting with empathy
Integral to Peace Education
Types of Approaches to o CRIMINAL JUSTICE APPROACH o GLOBAL CONCERN – caring of human community
(SRSRGCGCJOPE)
Violence o HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH o COOPERATION – valuing of principle of working together
o JUSTICE – acting with a sense of fairness towards others
CRIMINAL JUSTICE o an approach to violence that sees its main task as enforcing laws that ensure that o OPENNESS / TOLERANCE – openness to processes of growth and change
APPROACH justice is done o POSITIVE VISION – imagining the future preferred with sense of hope
HUMAN RIGHTS o an approach to violence that is based on state obligations to respect human rights, o ECOLOGICAL CONCERN – caring for natural environment
APPROACH therefore eradicating violence
o REFLECTION – using reflective thinking to deepen understanding to self and others
o Develop safe and stable relationships between children and their parents and o IMAGINATION – creating new paradigms and ways of life
caregivers o DECISION-MAKING – ability to analyze problems and develop solutions
List of Skills Integral to
o Develop life skills in children and adolescents o GROUP BUILDING – working cooperatively with one another
Ways to Prevent Violence Peace Education
o Reduce the availability and harmful use of alcohol o EMPATHY – ability to see perspective and feelings of another person
(RIDGECCC)
o Reduce access to guns or harmful items o CRITICAL THINKING & ANALYSIS – ability to approach issues with open but critical mind
o Develop our self-control o COMMUNICATION – listening attentively and express ideas in non-aggressive way
o CONFLICT RESOLUTION – ability to analyze conflicts in systematic way

SCHEMA
o the attempt to list the key knowledge areas, skills, attitudes, and values that are
integral to peace education
CENTER OF PEACE
o the college where the schema was done through a survey of peace education
EDUCATION OF MIRIAM
literature and peace educators
COLLEGE

o KNOWLEDGE / CONTENT AREAS

3 Schema of Peace o SKILLS
o ATTITUDE / VALUES

3 Knowledge Areas Integral o HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF PEACE

o PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES
to Peace Education o CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE

o an area of knowledge that entails that one should understand that peace is not
HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF
just the absence of direct violence but also the presence of conditions of
PEACE
relationships in human spheres

o an area of knowledge that says that conflicts are a natural part of a person’s social
CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE
life

o HUMAN RIGHTS – rejecting discrimination based on race, gender, social class

o HUMAN SOLIDARITY – recognizing interconnectedness despite differences like nationality
o DEVELOPMENT BASED ON JUSTICE – being aware of tragic consequences of violence
List of Peaceful Alternatives o DEMOCRATIZATION – provides an environment where people’s rights are respected
(HHDDDNCS) o DISARMAMENT – abolish war and reduce global armed forces
o CONFLICT RESOLUTION, TRANSFORMATION, AND PREVENTION
o NONVIOLENCE - a philosophy for social change that rejects the use of violence
o SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – relationship between humans and natural environment