p PILE CAPACITY

Pile Capacity (Static Pile Analysis)

Skin friction resistance of pile on clay (β method)
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝜷. 𝑳. 𝝈′𝒎 . 𝒑
Ultimate Bearing Load of Pile
𝑸𝒖𝒑 = 𝑸𝒆𝒃 + 𝑸𝒔𝒇
Where 𝜷 = skin factor
For normally consolidated clay (1- sin∅𝑹 ) tan ∅𝑹
Allowable Bearing Capacity of Pile
𝑸𝒖𝒑 For over consolidated clay (1- sin∅𝑹 ) tan ∅𝑹 √𝑶𝑪𝑹
𝑸𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 = 𝑳 = length of pile
𝑭. 𝑺. 𝝈′𝒎 = average vertical eff. Pressure at mid-height of pile
Where 𝑸𝒖𝒑 = ultimate bearing load of the pile, in a layer
𝑸𝒆𝒃 = end-bearing resistance of the pile 𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = skin-friction resistance of the pile.
Skin friction resistance of pile on clay (λ method)
PILES on SAND
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝝀. 𝑳. (𝝈′𝒎 + 𝟐𝒄). 𝒑
End-Bearing resistance of pile on sand
𝑸𝒆𝒃 = 𝝈′ . 𝑨𝒑 . 𝑵𝒒 Where 𝝀 = effective frictional factor
𝑳 = length of pile
Where
𝝈′𝒎 = average vertical eff. Pressure at mid-height of pile
𝝈′ = effective vertical stress at the pile tip
in a layer
𝑨𝒑 = area of pile tip
𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section
𝑵𝒒 = bearing capacity factor 𝒄 = cohesion
Skin friction resistance of pile on sand NOTE: NSCP-2010 Section 306 Provisions
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝝁. 𝒑. 𝑨𝒑−𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈 . 𝒌 The allowable axial and lateral loads on pile shall be determined by an approved
formula, by a foundation investigation or by load tests. Static axial compressive
Where 𝝁 = coeff. of friction b/w pile and sand
𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section pile load test shall be in accordance with ASTM Standard D-1143, and lateral
𝑨𝒑−𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈 = area of pressure diagram load testing of piles shall conform to ASTM Standard D-3966. Dynamic pile tests
𝒌 = coeff. of lateral pressure b/w pile and sand
shall be in accordance with ASTM Standard D-4945. Static axial load testing to
determine the uplift capacity of pile-soil systems shall be in accordance with
ASTM Standard D-3689.

Situation (1) – A 0.30m x 0.30m square pile having 15 m length is

embedded in a layer of dense sand. The soil has the following properties:
Dry unit weight is 18.5 kN/𝑚3 and saturated unit weight is 22.5 kN/𝑚3 .
Water table is located at 4 m depth from the ground surface. Nq = 80,
k = 1.33, μ = 0.2 and F.S = 2.5.

1. Compute the point bearing capacity of pile

2. Compute the frictional capacity of pile
Note: The pressure diagram is dependent on the critical depth 3. Compute the allowable capacity of the pile
(𝑫𝒄 )
(𝑫𝒄 ) = 20 ∅𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒆 – Dense Sand Situation (2) – A 0.30-m diameter precast concrete pile is to be driven
in a clayey soil profile with the following properties.
(𝑫𝒄 ) = 10 ∅𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒆 – Loose Sand
Soil Properties:
PILES on CLAY 0.30m
Layer 1
𝛾𝐶𝐿𝐴𝑌 = 16kN/𝑚3
End-Bearing resistance of pile on clay 𝑐𝑢 = 87 kN/𝑚2
𝑸𝒆𝒃 = 𝒄. 𝑨𝒑 . 𝑵𝒄 𝛼 = 0.65
𝜑 = 22º
Where 𝒄 = cohesion λ = 0.15
𝑨𝒑 = area of pile tip
𝑵𝒄 = bearing capacity factor (if no value given use 9) Layer 2
𝛾𝑆𝐴𝑇 = 19.7 kN/𝑚3
𝑐𝑢 =160 kN/𝑚2
Skin friction resistance of pile on clay (α method) 𝛼 = 0.40
𝑸𝒔𝒇 = 𝒄. 𝑳 . 𝛂 . 𝒑 𝜑 = 22º
λ = 0.14
Where 𝒄 = cohesion
𝑳 = length of pile 1. Compute the point bearing capacity of pile
𝜶 = adhesion factor or frictional constant 2. Compute the frictional capacity of pile using α, β, λ
𝒑 = perimeter of the pile section 3. Compute the design capacity of the pile (FS = 3.5)