Introduction to NO SQL 4360704
Practical-1
AIM: Introduction & Types of NO SQL Databases.
Introduction to NoSQL databases
NoSQL databases (aka "not only SQL") are non-tabular databases and store data
differently than relational tables. NoSQL databases come in a variety of types
based on their data model. The main types are document, key-value, wide-column,
and graph. They provide flexible schemas and scale easily with large amounts of data
and high user loads.
When people use the term “NoSQL database”, they typically use it to refer to any
non-relational database. Some say the term “NoSQL” stands for “non SQL” while
others say it stands for “not only SQL”. Either way, most agree that NoSQL databases
are databases that store data in a format other than relational tables.
NoSQL databases allow developers to store huge amounts of unstructured data,
giving them a lot of flexibility.
Some NoSQL databases like MongoDB provide these capabilities.
Features of NoSQL
1. NoSQL databases never follow the relational model
2. Never provide tables with flat fixed-column records
3. Work with self-contained aggregates or BLOBs
4. Doesn’t require object-relational mapping and data normalization
5. No complex features like query languages, query planners, referential integrity
joins, ACID
Types of NO-SQL databases
Types of NoSQL databases
There are four major types of NoSQL databases emerged: document
databases, key-value databases, wide-column stores, and graph databases.
1. Document databases
2. Key-value databases
3. Wide-column
4. Graph databases
Prepared By:Mrs. Kinjal Mistry(Computer Department,VPMP Polytechnic(654)) 1
Introduction to NO SQL 4360704
Types of NO-SQL Databases:
There are several types of NoSQL databases, each designed to address specific
challenges and use cases. The main types include:
1. Document-Oriented Databases:
Document databases store data in documents similar to JSON (JavaScript Object
Notation) objects. Each document contains pairs of fields and values. The values can
typically be a variety of types including things like strings, numbers, booleans, arrays,
or objects.
Characteristics: Store data in flexible, semi-structured documents (e.g., JSON or
BSON).
Examples: MongoDB, CouchDB, RavenDB.
Use Cases: Content management systems, e-commerce platforms, applications with
variable and evolving data structures.
2. Key-Value Stores:
Key-value databases are a simpler type of database where each item contains keys and
values.
Characteristics: Simple data model based on key-value pairs, where keys are unique
identifiers for values.
Examples: Redis, DynamoDB, Riak.
Prepared By:Mrs. Kinjal Mistry(Computer Department,VPMP Polytechnic(654)) 2
Introduction to NO SQL 4360704
Use Cases: Caching, session storage, real-time analytics, simple and fast key-based
access.
3. Wide-Column Stores (Column-Family Stores):
Wide-column stores store data in tables, rows, and dynamic columns.
Characteristics: Organize data into columns rather than rows, allowing for efficient
storage and retrieval of large volumes of data.
Examples: Apache Cassandra, HBase.
Use Cases: Time-series data, IoT applications, analytics, scenarios with high write
throughput.
4. Graph Databases:
Graph databases store data in nodes and edges. Nodes typically store information about
people, places, and things, while edges store information about the relationships
between the nodes.
Characteristics: Represent and store data as nodes, relationships, and properties,
facilitating efficient traversal of relationships.
Examples: Neo4j, Amazon Neptune,
Prepared By:Mrs. Kinjal Mistry(Computer Department,VPMP Polytechnic(654)) 3
