Experiment 02 – To explore Linux commands
Learning Objective: To explore various Linux commands.
Tools: Linux Terminal
Theory:
Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating
system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in
a Linux distribution.
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are
provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free
Software Foundation uses the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the importance
of GNU software, causing some controversy.
Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, and Ubuntu. Commercial distributions
include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise. Desktop Linux distributions include
a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland, and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE
Plasma. Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether, or include a solution stack such
as LAMP. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose.
Linux Commands:
A Linux command is a program or utility that runs on the command line. A command line is an interface
that accepts lines of text and processes them into instructions for your computer.
Implementation:
ls: (shows list of files & directories)
pwd : (print working directory)
mkdir a (make directory)
cd : The cd command is used to change the current directory.
mv:
The mv command is used to move a file or a directory form one location to another location.
exit : exit command is used to exit from the current shell. It takes a parameter as a number and exits the
shell with a return of status number.
ps: (list currently running process)
man ls: (provides help for commands)
date:
The date command is used to display date, time, time zone, and more.
Sleep: The sleep command is used to hold the terminal by the specified amount of time. By default, it
takes time in seconds.
Result and Discussion:
Windows commands, executed via Command Prompt or PowerShell, provide an efficient way to
manage files, directories, networks, and system configurations. Commands like dir allow
directory navigation, copy and move manage files, while administrative tasks can be handled
with commands like ipconfig for network details or task kill for ending processes. However, they
require a basic understanding of syntax and are prone to user errors if commands are misused.
Advanced scripting in PowerShell further enhances functionality by enabling automation and
integration with system resources.
Learning Outcomes: The student should have the ability to
LO1: explain the various Linux commands.
LO2: execute the Linux commands in terminal
LO3: experiment the use of each and every command
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course students will be able to make use of various
Linux commands.
Conclusion:
Correction Formative Timely Attendance /
Parameters Assessment completion of Learning
[40%] Practical Attitude [20%]
[ 40%]
Marks
Obtained
For Faculty Use:
