SCIENCE 6

I. OBJECTIVES
TThe learners are expected to:
a. Demonstrate understanding of the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
b. The learners should design an emergency and preparedness plan and kit.
c. Describe the changes of the earth’s surface as a result of earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions.

II. CONTENT
Topic: The effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
1. Teachers Guide pages: Science Beyond Borders pages 184 - 186
2. Learners Material pages.
B. Other Learning Resources: Pictures, printed resources

IV. PROCEDURE Teachers Activity Students Activity

A. Presenting new lesson Show pictures of earthquakes

and volcanic eruptions.

Asking questions:

What do you see in these I see images of earthquakes

pictures? and volcanic eruptions. They
show the destruction caused
Very good by these natural disasters,
such as cracked ground,
collapsed buildings, and lava
flowing from a volcano.

Have you ever experienced Yes, I have experienced an

an earthquake or heard about earthquake before. I have
a volcanic eruption? also read and heard about
volcanic eruptions, such as
the eruption of Mount
Pinatubo in the Philippines.

Why do you think it's It is important to be prepared

important to be prepared for to avoid accidents, injuries,
these events? and loss of life. Preparedness
helps us know what to do
 before, during, and after an
earthquake or volcanic
Very good eruption, reducing panic and
ensuring safety.

How do natural phenomena These disasters can cause

like earthquakes and volcanic destruction to buildings,
eruptions affect the roads, and homes. They can
Philippines? also lead to casualties,
displacement of people, and
economic losses.

Does it bring constant Yes, earthquakes and

changes on the Earth's volcanic eruptions can
surface? change the Earth's surface.
Earthquakes can cause
cracks and shifts in the land,
while volcanic eruptions
create new landforms, such
as islands and mountains,
through the accumulation of
lava.

Does it affect the lives of Yes, these natural disasters

many organisms? can affect humans, animals,
and plants. Earthquakes can
destroy habitats, while
volcanic eruptions can
release ash and gases that
harm living organisms.
However, over time, volcanic
soil can become very fertile,
supporting new plant and
animal life.

B. Establishing a purpose for Today we will learn about the

the lesson effects of earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions and how to
prepare for them.
Before Earthquake:
So, base on what you said 1. Prepare an emergency kit
earlier about earthquake and (food, water, flashlight,
volcanic eruption what are batteries, first aid, important
the things that we need to do documents).
before, during and after
earthquake and volcanic 2. Secure heavy objects
eruption. (furniture, shelves,
appliances) to prevent them
from falling.

3. Know the safest places in

your home (under sturdy
tables, near strong walls).

4. Practice earthquake drills

(Duck, Cover, and Hold).

5. Plan an evacuation route

and agree on a meeting place
with your family.

During an Earthquake:
1. Stay calm and do not
panic.

2. Duck, Cover, and Hold

under a sturdy table or desk.

3. Stay away from windows,

glass, and heavy objects that
may fall.

4. If outside, move to an open

area away from buildings,
trees, and power lines.

5. If in a vehicle, stop in a
safe place and stay inside.

After an Earthquake:
1. Check yourself and others
for injuries and provide first
aid if needed.

2. Move to an open, safe

area and avoid damaged
buildings.

3. Be prepared for
aftershocks and stay alert.

4. Turn off gas, electricity,

and water if there are leaks or
damages.
5. Listen to news updates
and follow official instructions.

Before a Volcanic Eruption:

1. Know if you live in a high-

risk area and prepare an
evacuation plan.

2. Prepare an emergency kit

with food, water, face masks,
and goggles.

3. Stay updated on volcanic

activity through the news and
authorities.

4. Avoid river valleys and low-

lying areas that may be
affected by lava flows or
lahar.

5. Prepare your home by

sealing doors and windows to
prevent ash from entering.

During a Volcanic Eruption:

1. Evacuate immediately if
authorities say so.

2. Wear a mask and goggles

to protect yourself from
ashfall.

3. Stay indoors as much as

possible and close windows
and doors.

4. Avoid low-lying areas

where lava, lahar, or
mudflows may pass.

5. Do not drive in heavy

ashfall as it can damage
vehicles and reduce visibility.

After a Volcanic Eruption:

 1. Wait for the official "all
clear" before returning home.

2. Avoid areas covered in ash

and use protective gear when
cleaning.

3. Boil or filter water before

drinking to avoid
contamination.

4. Check for injuries and

damages and help those in
need.

5. Continue monitoring
updates from authorities.

C. Presenting I have here a short video clip

Examples/Instances of new about volcanoes but before
lesson you watch the video, let us
refresh your mind about the
things to be consider while
watching? - watch silently
- Be attentive

Good!
You will also take down
important details that to be
shown in the video clip. Is
that clear class?

(The teacher will play the

video clip)

Yes sir!
Did you understand the video
clip?
It is a molten rock comes out
 No, what is lava? from the volcano.

A liquid rock when it is under

Very well said. Based on the the surface.
video what is magma?

Verygood! It accumulated at the center

Where did magma
accumulate?

When the pressure cannot It erupts through the crater

longer be contained, where and aide vents
did volcano erupts?

What are the common gases - Sulfur Dioxide

emitting by the volcano? - Carbon dioxide
- Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrogen fluoride
- Hydrogen sulfide

You all realy attentive during

the video watching. Very
good!

D. Discussing new concept What is an earthquake?

and practicing new skills # 1
Earthquake
- Is a sudden movements or
vibrations of the Earth's crust.
They occur when rock
masses shift positions,
releasing stored energy as
seismic waves. Earthquakes
usually happen along faults,
which are cracks between
large tectonic plates.

Two types of earthquakes:

1. Volcanic Earthquakes –
Caused by strong volcanic
eruptions.

2. Tectonic Earthquakes –
Caused by the movement of
the Earth's crust, either on
land or beneath the ocean.

Can you name these three

 pictures of volcanoes that in
the Philippines and where
you can find them.

1.

1. Mayon volcano in
Albay
2. Taal volcano in
2. Batangas
3. Mt. Pinatubo in
Zambales

3.

E. Discussing new concept Volcano

and practicing new skills #2
- Volcano is an opening in the
Earth's crust. Molten rocks,
ashes, and gaseous
materials are forced out
through its opening. The
opening of a volcano is called
the crater. In the Philippines,
there are many volcanoes.
Some of the active volcanoes
are Mt. Bulusan in Sorsogon,
Mt. Pinatubo in Zambales,
Mt. Canlaon in Negros
Oriental, and Hibok-Hibok
Volcano in Camiguin.

Volcanoes vary in sizes.

Some are just low-lying
depressions while others are
tall, like Mt. Mayon.
Volcanoes also vary in
shape. Some are shaped like
a cone while others are like a
dome.

How does volcanic eruption

occur?

A volcanic eruption occurs

when magma, gases, and
pressure build up beneath the
Earth's surface and force
their way out through an
opening in the crust.

- Pressure Build-Up
As magma rises, gases (like
water vapor, carbon dioxide,
and sulfur dioxide) get
trapped.

Over time, the pressure

inside the magma chamber
increases until it becomes too
much for the crust to hold.

- Eruption
The built-up pressure forces
magma through cracks in the
Earth's crust, leading to an
eruption.

The type of eruption depends

on the magma's composition
and gas content:

Explosive eruptions: Thick

magma traps gases, causing
violent explosions with ash,
pyroclastic flows, and
volcanic bombs.

Nonexplosive eruptions: Thin,

runny magma allows gases to
escape smoothly, causing
lava to flow gently from the
crater.

Activity: Group activity

“Volcanic Chain Reaction”
 (Storytelling and Problem-
Solving)

The teacher will group the

students in two groups and
begins a story with a
sentence:

A group of scientists is
exploring a volcano when
they notice strange signs of
an upcoming eruption…

- What you need to do is to

add the sentence to continue
the story, by incorporating
scientific facts you’ve learned
about volcanoes.

The story must have a

resolution, such as an
eruption happening, an
evacuation plan being carried
out.

Each group shares their story

with class.

F. Developing Mastery Students will create their

emergency preparedness
plans and kits, incorporating
the information discussed.

Activity #2: Creating Plan

Personal plan
- Each students writes down
their own volcanic emergency
plan, including safety steps to
take before, during and after
an eruption.

Format in doing the activity

Name: Name: [Student’s Name]

Location: Location: [Kiwalo Daraga
Albay]
Before the Eruption:
1. Before the Eruption:
2. 1. Stay informed – Listen to
3. news and alerts from local
 4. authorities.
2. Prepare an emergency kit
During the Eruption – Pack food, water, flashlight,
1. first aid, mask, extra clothes,
2. and important documents.
3. 3. Identify evacuation routes
4. – Know the nearest safe area
and practice evacuation drills.
After the Eruption 4. Communicate with family –
1. Set a meeting place in case
2. we get separated.
3.
During the Eruption:
Activity # 3 (Designing an 1. Stay indoors if evacuation
Emergency Kit) is not needed. Close windows
and doors to avoid ash.
Each student lists the 2. Wear a mask and goggles
essential items for an to protect from ashfall.
emergency kit (water, food, 3. Follow evacuation orders
flashlight, first aid, mask, from authorities if necessary.
etc.). Draw and describe the Bring my emergency kit.
kit. 4. Avoid rivers and low areas
due to the risk of lahar
Example: (mudflows).

After the Eruption:

1. Check if it's safe to return
home – Wait for the official
announcement.
2. Clean up ash safely –
Wear protective gear and
avoid inhaling ash.
3. Help others – Assist family
members and neighbors who
may need help.

G. Finding Practical In case you are in a situation If my place is suffering from a

Applications of concept where your place is suffering disaster, I would stay calm
from a disaster, what would and follow safety protocols. I
you do? What would you would prepare an emergency
prepare? kit containing food, water, a
flashlight, extra batteries, a
first aid kit, important
documents, and clothing.

H. Making generalizations Why is it important to prepare It is important to prepare

and abstractions about the before disasters like before disasters like
lesson earthquakes and volcanic earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions? eruptions because
preparation can help save
 lives and reduce damage.

I. Evaluating Learning Direction: Choose the letter of 1. B

the correct answer.

1. What is an earthquake? 2. A
A. A slow movement of the
Earth's crust
B. A sudden movement or 3. B
vibration of the Earth's crust
C. A flow of magma on the
surface 4. B
D. A type of volcanic eruption

5. B
2. What causes an
earthquake?
A. Movement of tectonic 6. C
plates
B. Excessive rainfall
C. Sunlight heating the 7. B
Earth's surface
D. Formation of clouds
8. B

3. What are the two types of

earthquakes? 9. A
A. Land and Water
Earthquakes
B. Volcanic and Tectonic 10. B
Earthquakes
C. Strong and Weak
Earthquakes
D. Earthquake and Tsunami

4. What is a volcano?
A. A body of water that
produces steam
B. A mountain that can
explode and release lava
C. A hole in the ocean
D. A large rock formation

5. What is the opening of a

volcano called?
A. Magma Chamber
B. Crater
C. Lava Tube
D. Seismic Fault

6. What builds up inside a

volcano before it erupts?
A. Wind and dust
B. Water and ice
C. Magma, gases, and
pressure
D. Sand and rocks

7. What happens when

pressure inside the magma
chamber increases too
much?
A. The volcano stops working
B. The volcano erupts
C. The volcano turns into a
mountain
D. The magma disappears

8. What type of eruption

occurs when thick magma
traps gases and explodes
violently?
A. Quiet eruption
B. Explosive eruption
C. Gentle eruption
D. Tectonic eruption

9. What happens during a

nonexplosive eruption?
A. Lava flows gently from the
crater
B. The volcano collapses
C. The eruption causes a
tsunami
D. The volcano produces only
ash

10. Where do most

earthquakes usually happen?
A. In the middle of the ocean
B. Along faults and cracks
between tectonic plates
C. Only in volcanic areas
 D. In the upper atmosphere

I. Evaluating Learning Assignment:

Research a recent
earthquakes or volcanic
eruptions, write the effects
and the response effort.