Unit 1

Case Study 1: Evolution and Challenges in Industry 4.0 Adoption

Case Description:
ABC Manufacturing, a 150-year-old company, evolved through multiple industrial revolutions.
Initially powered by steam engines (1st Industrial Revolution), it embraced electricity for mass
production in the 20th century (2nd Industrial Revolution). By the late 1900s, the company
integrated automation (3rd Industrial Revolution). Recently, it adopted Industry 4.0 technologies
like IoT, AI, and robotics for smart manufacturing. These innovations enabled real-time monitoring,
predictive maintenance, and mass customization. However, integrating legacy systems with
Industry 4.0 remains a major challenge, along with workforce resistance and a skills gap.
Management is focused on ensuring a seamless transition while maintaining operational efficiency.

Questions:

1. Demonstrate how advancements in industrial revolutions contributed to Industry 4.0

technologies in ABC Manufacturing. (CO 1)

2. Evaluate the challenges faced by ABC Manufacturing in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies.
(CO 4)

Answers:

1. Each revolution laid foundational advancements for Industry 4.0. Steam power enabled
mechanization, electricity facilitated mass production, and IT introduced automation.
These advancements culminated in Industry 4.0, where IoT and AI now enable data-driven
decision-making, real-time monitoring, and enhanced production efficiency.

2. ABC faces challenges like legacy system incompatibility, requiring expensive upgrades.
Workforce resistance due to skill gaps exacerbates adoption difficulties. Addressing these
requires targeted training programs, collaborative integration strategies, and gradual
technological rollouts to mitigate disruptions.

Case Study 2: Cyber-Physical Systems in Smart Factories

Case Description:
XYZ Robotics implemented cyber-physical systems (CPS) and IoT to create a smart factory
specializing in precision tools. Sensors embedded in machinery provide real-time feedback,
enhancing production accuracy and reducing waste. The factory uses robotics for assembly and
predictive analytics to minimize equipment downtime. Despite these advancements,
interoperability issues between devices from different vendors and cybersecurity threats pose
significant risks. The management seeks to enhance system compatibility and establish a robust
cybersecurity framework without disrupting production.

Questions:
 1. Analyze how CPS and IoT improve efficiency and accuracy in XYZ Robotics’ manufacturing
processes. (CO 2)

2. Evaluate the importance of cybersecurity and strategies for addressing threats in CPS
environments. (CO 4)

Answers:

1. CPS integrates physical and digital systems, enabling real-time data exchange for precise
control. IoT devices monitor operations, ensuring defects are identified immediately,
reducing waste. Robotics improves efficiency in repetitive tasks, while predictive analytics
schedules maintenance, preventing costly breakdowns.

2. Cybersecurity is critical in interconnected CPS environments to prevent unauthorized

access and data breaches. Strategies include deploying firewalls, encrypting data,
conducting regular audits, and implementing multi-layered security protocols. Educating
staff on safe practices ensures overall system resilience.

Case Study 3: Big Data and AI in Global Logistics

Case Description:
A global logistics provider, Omega Logistics, adopted big data and AI to optimize supply chain
operations. By analyzing weather patterns, customer behavior, and market trends, AI-powered
predictive models forecast demand surges and logistical bottlenecks. Big data systems enable
real-time tracking and dynamic route optimization, ensuring timely deliveries. However, the
company struggles with fragmented data sources, inconsistent formats, and varying regional
compliance standards. Management is exploring unified platforms and customized regional
solutions to overcome these barriers while maximizing the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies.

Questions:

1. Apply big data and AI to enhance supply chain efficiency in Omega Logistics. (CO 3)

2. Evaluate the impact of regional compliance on the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in
global logistics. (CO 4)

Answers:

1. Big data processes large datasets for real-time insights, while AI models predict demand
patterns, optimizing resource allocation. For instance, route optimization algorithms reduce
transit time and fuel costs, enhancing supply chain agility and reducing delays.

2. Regional compliance poses challenges like adhering to privacy laws and standardizing data
formats. Omega Logistics must adopt region-specific compliance frameworks, invest in
data governance platforms, and collaborate with local authorities to ensure smooth
operations across borders.
Case Study 4: Societal and Strategic Impacts of Automation in Agriculture

Case Description:
The government initiated a project to introduce automated irrigation and IoT sensors in rural farms
to boost agricultural productivity. Farmers use real-time data from sensors to monitor soil moisture,
adjust irrigation schedules, and optimize resource usage. While crop yields improved significantly,
rural communities faced unemployment as automation reduced the need for manual labor. The
initiative also faced challenges in digital literacy among farmers and ethical concerns about
automation’s impact on livelihoods. The government is exploring sustainable strategies to ensure
economic and social balance.

Questions:

1. Evaluate the societal challenges associated with introducing Industry 4.0 technologies in
agriculture. (CO 4)

2. Apply sustainable strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of automation on rural

communities. (CO 3)

Answers:

1. Challenges include unemployment due to labor replacement, lack of access to technology,

and low digital literacy among farmers. These issues lead to social disparities and
resistance to change, requiring inclusive strategies for sustainable adoption.

2. Sustainable strategies include offering skill development programs for displaced workers,
providing subsidized technology for small farmers, and encouraging community-based
technology sharing models. Such measures ensure social equity while leveraging
technological advancements.

Unit 2

Case Study 1: FIFO in Food Inventory Management

Case Description:
A bakery uses the FIFO method to manage its inventory of flour to ensure product freshness. Below
are the transactions:

• Jan 1: Beginning inventory, 500 kg @ ₹50/kg.

• Jan 5: Purchased 300 kg @ ₹55/kg.

• Jan 10: Used 400 kg for production.

• Jan 15: Purchased 200 kg @ ₹60/kg.

• Jan 20: Used 300 kg for production.

The manager needs to calculate the cost of goods issued and the value of remaining
inventory.

Questions:
 1. Calculate the cost of goods issued using FIFO for January 10.

2. Determine the remaining inventory value on January 20.

Answers:

1. FIFO method prioritizes older inventory:

o 400 kg issued on Jan 10:

400 kg = 500 kg @ ₹50 (use 400 kg).
Cost = 400 × ₹50 = ₹20,000.

2. Remaining inventory after Jan 20:

o Jan 20: 300 kg issued:

100 kg @ ₹50 + 200 kg @ ₹55.
Remaining: 100 kg @ ₹55 + 200 kg @ ₹60.
Value = (100 × ₹55) + (200 × ₹60) = ₹25,500.

Case Study 2: FIFO for Electronics Retailer

Case Description:
An electronics store manages smartphone inventory using FIFO. Transactions include:

• Mar 1: Beginning inventory, 50 units @ ₹10,000/unit.

• Mar 8: Purchased 30 units @ ₹12,000/unit.

• Mar 12: Sold 40 units.

• Mar 15: Purchased 20 units @ ₹14,000/unit.

• Mar 20: Sold 30 units.

The store manager wants to calculate the COGS for each sale and the remaining inventory.

Questions:

1. Compute the COGS for the sale on March 12.

2. Calculate the inventory value after March 20.

Answers:

1. FIFO ensures older inventory is sold first:

o Mar 12: Sold 40 units:

40 units = 50 units @ ₹10,000 (use 40 units).
COGS = 40 × ₹10,000 = ₹400,000.

2. Remaining inventory after Mar 20:

 o Mar 20: Sold 30 units = 10 units @ ₹10,000 + 20 units @ ₹12,000.
Remaining: 10 units @ ₹12,000 + 20 units @ ₹14,000.
Value = ₹120,000 + ₹280,000 = ₹400,000.

Case Study 3: LIFO for Manufacturing Supplies

Case Description:
A factory uses LIFO for inventory valuation of metal sheets. Transactions:

• Apr 1: Beginning inventory, 1,000 sheets @ ₹500/sheet.

• Apr 10: Purchased 500 sheets @ ₹550/sheet.

• Apr 15: Used 800 sheets for production.

• Apr 20: Purchased 300 sheets @ ₹600/sheet.

• Apr 25: Used 400 sheets for production.

Questions:

1. Compute the cost of goods issued on April 15 using LIFO.

2. Determine the inventory value after April 25.

Answers:

1. LIFO prioritizes recent inventory:

o Apr 15: 800 sheets issued = 500 sheets @ ₹550 + 300 sheets @ ₹500.
COGS = (500 × ₹550) + (300 × ₹500) = ₹275,000 + ₹150,000 = ₹425,000.

2. Remaining inventory after Apr 25:

o Apr 25: 400 sheets issued = 300 sheets @ ₹600 + 100 sheets @ ₹500.
Remaining: 700 sheets @ ₹500.
Value = 700 × ₹500 = ₹350,000.

Case Study 4: LIFO in Retail Operations

Case Description:
A clothing retailer uses LIFO to value its T-shirt inventory. Transactions:

• May 1: Beginning inventory, 200 units @ ₹200/unit.

• May 5: Purchased 100 units @ ₹220/unit.

• May 10: Sold 150 units.

• May 20: Purchased 50 units @ ₹240/unit.

 • May 30: Sold 100 units.

Questions:

1. Calculate the COGS for the sale on May 10 using LIFO.

2. Compute the remaining inventory value after May 30.

Answers:

1. LIFO uses the most recent inventory:

o May 10: 150 units sold = 100 units @ ₹220 + 50 units @ ₹200.
COGS = (100 × ₹220) + (50 × ₹200) = ₹22,000 + ₹10,000 = ₹32,000.

2. Remaining inventory after May 30:

o May 30: 100 units sold = 50 units @ ₹240 + 50 units @ ₹200.

Remaining: 100 units @ ₹200.
Value = 100 × ₹200 = ₹20,000.

Unit 3

Case Study 1: Leveraging Big Data and the 5 V’s in Retail

Case Description:
A nationwide retail chain collects and analyzes large datasets from its stores to improve business
operations. These datasets include sales transactions, customer feedback, social media
interactions, and supply chain metrics. The company observes the 5 V’s of big data: Volume (large
amounts of daily sales data), Velocity (real-time updates), Variety (structured and unstructured
data like receipts and online reviews), Veracity (the need for accuracy), and Value (actionable
insights). Despite having robust data collection systems, the company struggles to extract
meaningful patterns due to inconsistent data formats and incomplete data records. Additionally,
management is concerned about missed opportunities to predict customer preferences and stock
trends.

Questions:

1. Analyze how the 5 V’s of big data can help this retail chain enhance decision-making and
operational efficiency.

2. Recommend strategies to overcome the challenges in handling inconsistent and

incomplete data.

Answers:

1. The 5 V’s enable actionable insights. Volume provides comprehensive customer behavior
analysis. Velocity ensures real-time decisions, such as restocking popular products.
Variety captures diverse data types for broader insights, while Veracity ensures data
reliability. Value translates insights into actions, like targeted promotions or supply chain
optimization. This comprehensive approach ensures timely and informed decisions.
 2. Implementing data validation protocols, such as real-time checks during data entry,
addresses inconsistencies. Advanced AI algorithms can fill data gaps using pattern
recognition. Training employees to standardize data input and adopting centralized storage
platforms ensure consistency, facilitating more accurate insights.

Case Study 2: Predictive Analytics in Healthcare Resource Management

Case Description:
A multi-specialty hospital uses predictive analytics to forecast patient admissions and allocate
resources efficiently. Historical data, such as seasonal disease patterns, regional health trends,
and demographic details, is processed using AI models. These forecasts optimize staffing levels,
ICU bed allocation, and medical supplies. For instance, predictions of flu outbreaks during winter
led to timely preparation of vaccines and staff scheduling. However, inaccuracies in the forecasts
occasionally result in over-allocation or under-utilization of resources, leading to inefficiencies and
financial strain. The hospital management is exploring strategies to improve the accuracy and
reliability of their predictive analytics systems.

Questions:

1. Evaluate how predictive analytics transforms resource allocation and decision-making in a

hospital setting.

2. Propose ways to enhance the accuracy of predictive models to reduce resource

mismanagement.

Answers:

1. Predictive analytics analyzes past and present data to forecast future scenarios. In
hospitals, this enables proactive decision-making, such as scheduling staff for peak times
or ensuring adequate stock of critical supplies. For instance, forecasting a rise in respiratory
illnesses during winter ensures early vaccination drives. This approach reduces
inefficiencies, improves patient outcomes, and optimizes costs.

2. Enhancing predictive models requires integrating real-time data from wearable devices and
local health trends. Collaborating with public health organizations ensures access to more
comprehensive datasets. Regularly updating models with recent data and using ensemble
AI techniques improves accuracy and reduces resource mismanagement.

Case Study 3: Cloud Computing for Knowledge Sharing in Global Teams

Case Description:
An international IT firm adopts cloud computing to facilitate collaboration among its globally
distributed teams. The cloud platform integrates document sharing, video conferencing, and real-
time collaborative tools, enabling employees across time zones to work seamlessly. For example, a
team in India shares project updates with a team in Germany in real-time, improving productivity
and reducing delays. However, the firm encounters challenges such as ensuring data security,
managing user access levels, and maintaining service availability during peak usage hours.
Leadership is determined to resolve these issues while retaining the benefits of a cloud-based
system to streamline global operations.

Questions:

1. Analyze the role of cloud computing in enhancing collaboration and productivity for
multinational organizations.

2. Recommend measures to address the security and service availability challenges in cloud-
based systems.

Answers:

1. Cloud computing enables centralized data access, reducing redundancies and streamlining
global workflows. Real-time collaboration tools enhance productivity by ensuring all teams
work on the latest versions of documents. This approach eliminates delays caused by time
zone differences and improves overall project coordination. For example, using shared
platforms like Google Workspace or Microsoft Teams boosts interdepartmental
communication.

2. Security can be enhanced with encryption, multi-factor authentication, and user-role

management. To ensure availability, the company can adopt scalable cloud solutions with
load-balancing mechanisms. Regular audits and implementing cybersecurity best
practices protect data while maintaining seamless service.

Case Study 4: Descriptive and Prescriptive Analytics in E-commerce

Case Description:
An e-commerce platform uses analytics to optimize customer engagement and sales. Descriptive
analytics helps the company understand past trends, such as the popularity of seasonal discounts.
Prescriptive analytics then suggests actions like offering targeted discounts on underperforming
products or launching flash sales. For example, data revealed that shoe sales spike during spring,
leading to a campaign recommending increased advertising for footwear. However, unforeseen
factors like economic downturns or competitor promotions occasionally disrupt the expected
outcomes. The company seeks ways to make prescriptive analytics more adaptive to external
market conditions.

Questions:

1. Compare the benefits of descriptive and prescriptive analytics for decision-making in e-

commerce.

2. Suggest methods to make prescriptive analytics more adaptive to dynamic external

conditions.

Answers:
 1. Descriptive analytics identifies past trends, such as peak sales seasons, enabling strategic
planning. For example, recognizing high sales during holidays allows better stock planning.
Prescriptive analytics goes further by recommending actions, like allocating more resources
to high-demand items or adjusting ad spend dynamically, thereby improving operational
efficiency.

2. Incorporating real-time market data into prescriptive models enhances adaptability. Using
AI to analyze competitor pricing and economic indicators can refine recommendations.
Periodic feedback loops, where outcomes of prescribed actions inform the models,
improve their resilience to external disruptions.

Unit 4

Case Study 1: Cobots and Additive Manufacturing at Aurolab

Case Description:
Aurolab, a leading manufacturer of ophthalmic devices in India, integrated cobots and additive
manufacturing into its production processes to enhance efficiency. Cobots were deployed for
repetitive tasks such as material handling and component assembly. This reduced manual errors
and improved worker safety. Additive manufacturing (3D printing) was used for rapid prototyping,
enabling product customization and a 50% reduction in development time. The implementation
resulted in cost savings of up to 70%, minimized material waste, and allowed the creation of
intricate surgical instruments. Despite these advancements, ethical concerns about workforce
displacement and intellectual property rights arose. The company addressed these issues through
upskilling programs and strict adherence to international standards.

Questions:

1. Analyze how the integration of cobots and additive manufacturing improved Aurolab's
efficiency and sustainability.

2. Recommend strategies to address ethical concerns related to workforce displacement and

intellectual property in such technological transitions.

Answers:

1. Cobots increased precision in repetitive tasks, reducing errors and enhancing production
capacity. Additive manufacturing reduced material waste and production costs while
enabling rapid prototyping. These advancements aligned with sustainability goals by
optimizing resources and reducing environmental impact.

2. Workforce displacement concerns can be addressed by reskilling employees to operate

advanced systems. Intellectual property can be safeguarded by implementing strict
contracts and security measures for shared designs. Transparent communication with
stakeholders ensures trust and collaboration.

Case Study 2: Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) at BMW

Case Description:
BMW introduced AMRs in its automotive manufacturing plants to streamline internal logistics.
These robots autonomously transported materials between workstations, reducing reliance on
manual labor and improving production efficiency. AMRs also allowed real-time tracking of material
flow, ensuring optimized resource allocation. While operational efficiency improved, concerns
emerged regarding job displacement and cybersecurity risks. BMW mitigated these by retraining
employees for advanced roles and investing in robust cybersecurity systems. The adoption of AMRs
also supported sustainability efforts by minimizing material waste and energy consumption through
optimized routes.

Questions:

1. Evaluate the impact of AMRs on operational efficiency and sustainability at BMW's

manufacturing plants.

2. Suggest cybersecurity measures to safeguard AMR operations and manufacturing data in

such an environment.

Answers:

1. AMRs optimized material transport, reducing downtime and enhancing operational flow.
Sustainability improved through reduced energy consumption and waste. For instance,
optimized routes decreased emissions, aligning BMW's operations with global
environmental goals.

2. Cybersecurity measures include deploying firewalls, encryption protocols, and real-time

monitoring of AMR systems. Regular security audits, employee training, and partnerships
with cybersecurity firms further enhance data protection and system resilience.

Case Study 3: IoT-Driven Predictive Maintenance at Fastenal

Case Description:
Fastenal implemented IoT sensors on its manufacturing equipment to monitor performance and
predict potential failures. Real-time data on machine health allowed proactive maintenance
scheduling, reducing unexpected downtime by 30%. The use of predictive analytics optimized
production schedules, extended equipment lifespan, and reduced maintenance costs. However,
ethical concerns arose around data privacy and employee transparency. Fastenal addressed these
by achieving ISO/IEC 27001 certification and offering training programs to upskill employees for
digital transformation. The initiative also aligned with sustainability goals by minimizing waste and
energy consumption.

Questions:

1. Analyze how IoT-driven predictive maintenance improved operational efficiency at Fastenal.

2. Recommend measures to address ethical concerns in adopting IoT technologies for

manufacturing.
Answers:

1. Predictive maintenance minimized unplanned stoppages and extended equipment

lifespan. For example, real-time sensor data enabled precise maintenance scheduling,
improving production capacity and reducing costs. This approach enhanced customer
satisfaction through reliable delivery timelines.

2. Ethical concerns can be addressed by ensuring data privacy compliance and maintaining
transparency in data usage. Employee engagement through training programs fosters
acceptance and adaptability. Regularly communicating the benefits of IoT ensures
alignment with organizational goals.

Case Study 4: IoT in Healthcare – Telenor's Remote Patient Monitoring

Case Description:
Telenor, a Norwegian telecommunications company, developed IoT-enabled remote patient
monitoring systems to improve healthcare delivery. Devices collected real-time data on patients’
vitals, such as heart rate and blood pressure, enabling timely interventions. This technology
reduced hospital readmissions by 60% and improved patient satisfaction by providing personalized
care. Additionally, it enhanced healthcare access in remote areas and reduced costs associated
with in-person visits. Ethical concerns about data privacy and unequal access to technology arose.
Telenor ensured compliance with regulations, transparent communication with patients, and
ongoing ethical reviews to address these challenges.

Questions:

1. Evaluate the benefits of IoT-based remote patient monitoring for healthcare efficiency and
patient outcomes.

2. Propose strategies to mitigate ethical challenges in deploying IoT solutions in healthcare.

Answers:

1. IoT systems improved healthcare efficiency by enabling continuous monitoring and timely
interventions. For example, real-time data allowed early detection of critical issues,
reducing hospital admissions and improving patient outcomes. Personalized care
enhanced overall satisfaction.

2. Ethical challenges can be addressed by ensuring data encryption, obtaining informed

consent, and promoting equitable access to technology. Regular ethical reviews and
stakeholder engagement ensure the technology aligns with societal values and regulatory
standards.

Unit 5

Case Study 1: Digital Transformation at TechInnovate Ltd.

Case Description:
TechInnovate Ltd., a medium-sized manufacturer of smart home devices, faces declining market
share as competitors adopt Industry 4.0 technologies. The leadership plans to transform
operations by integrating IoT, AI, and robotics. Predictive maintenance and real-time data analytics
are among the initiatives under consideration. Challenges include workforce resistance, skill gaps,
and high initial investment costs. To address these, the company plans phased implementation,
partnerships with tech firms, and employee reskilling programs. Leadership emphasizes a clear
vision to inspire employees, conducting town halls to address concerns. Collaboration with a local
tech institute is underway to train employees for roles in Industry 4.0. Success hinges on
overcoming resistance, ensuring financial stability, and achieving technological integration.

Questions:

1. Analyze how TechInnovate Ltd. can address workforce resistance to Industry 4.0 adoption.

2. Recommend strategies for balancing technological investment with limited resources.

Answers:

1. Workforce resistance can be mitigated through transparent communication, emphasizing

job creation through upskilling. Leadership should involve employees in planning, ensuring
they understand benefits. Reskilling programs and incentives for adaptability encourage
participation in the transformation.

2. TechInnovate should prioritize cost-effective technologies with high ROI. Phased

implementation, leveraging government subsidies, and collaborating with tech firms for
shared resources can optimize costs. Continuous evaluation ensures financial
sustainability.

Case Study 2: SIRI-Based Readiness Assessment for a Manufacturing Firm

Case Description:
A global automotive parts supplier uses the Smart Industry Readiness Index (SIRI) to evaluate its
Industry 4.0 readiness. The assessment highlights gaps in operational processes, including asset
connectivity and leadership competencies. While the firm demonstrates strong capabilities in
technology integration, organizational readiness remains low due to workforce skill gaps and lack of
leadership vision. The company develops a roadmap emphasizing reskilling programs, leadership
training, and process optimization. Using SIRI benchmarks, the firm aligns strategies to global
standards, improving supply chain efficiency and production capabilities. This structured approach
helps the firm achieve a 20% increase in production efficiency within a year.

Questions:

1. Evaluate the role of SIRI in identifying and addressing the firm’s readiness gaps.

2. Suggest initiatives to enhance organizational readiness for Industry 4.0 adoption.

Answers:

1. SIRI identifies readiness gaps through structured metrics like asset connectivity and
leadership capabilities. Benchmarking helps the firm prioritize key areas for improvement,
 ensuring alignment with global standards. The results guide targeted interventions,
enhancing operational efficiency.

2. Organizational readiness improves with cross-departmental training programs, leadership

workshops, and employee engagement initiatives. Building a culture of continuous
improvement ensures long-term adaptability to technological advancements.

Case Study 3: Society 5.0 – Bridging Technology and Societal Needs

Case Description:
A healthcare organization in Japan adopts Society 5.0 principles, integrating cyberspace and
physical space to improve patient care. IoT devices monitor patients remotely, reducing hospital
visits and costs. AI-driven diagnostics enable personalized treatments, improving patient
outcomes. Challenges include ensuring equitable access to technology and safeguarding patient
data. The organization collaborates with government bodies to provide subsidies for underserved
populations and enforces strict data privacy regulations. Sustainability efforts include reducing
paper waste by adopting electronic health records. The initiative enhances healthcare accessibility,
efficiency, and sustainability, serving as a model for global healthcare systems.

Questions:

1. Analyze how Society 5.0 principles address healthcare challenges.

2. Recommend strategies to ensure equitable access to healthcare technologies under

Society 5.0.

Answers:

1. Society 5.0 addresses healthcare challenges through AI for accurate diagnostics and IoT for
remote monitoring. Personalized treatments reduce costs and improve outcomes,
enhancing overall accessibility and efficiency in healthcare delivery.

2. Subsidies for underserved populations, public-private partnerships, and community

awareness programs ensure equitable access. Collaborating with NGOs and local
governments bridges technological gaps, fostering inclusivity in healthcare solutions.

Case Study 4: Renault Digital’s Industry 4.0 Transformation

Case Description:
Renault Digital, established as an independent subsidiary, drives the digital transformation of
Renault Group. It connects production equipment for real-time data analysis, enhancing
production efficiency by 25%. Training programs equip employees with skills for agile projects and
data-driven decision-making. Despite the benefits, challenges include workforce adaptation and
maintaining production efficiency during the transition. Renault Digital emphasizes transparency,
involving employees in decision-making and providing continuous feedback. Real-time data
utilization enhances decision-making in customer relationship management and production
optimization. Lessons from Renault Digital highlight the importance of combining technology
investment with workforce development to achieve successful Industry 4.0 adoption.

Questions:

1. Evaluate the impact of real-time data on Renault’s operational efficiency and customer
management.

2. Propose strategies to ensure workforce adaptability during large-scale digital

transformations.

Answers:

1. Real-time data optimizes production by identifying bottlenecks, reducing downtime. In

customer management, data insights enable personalized interactions, strengthening
relationships and enhancing satisfaction.

2. Workforce adaptability is achieved through training programs, role transitions, and involving
employees in planning stages. Incentives for upskilling and continuous engagement build
trust and ensure alignment with transformation goals.