Business Intelligence Tools:- These tools allows us to

connect to a data to clean and transform it , to model it and lastly

create visualization that ultimately helps to grow business. One of the
tool is PowerBI which is very similar to excel and have various libraries
that helps us to analyze data. “extension for powerbi file is .pbyx”

DataConnectors in Power BI:- Whenever you have to bring

data into power bi for analysis and creation of report data connectors
are used. For example :- mySql , Azure etc…

Data Transformation (Cleaning):- It is an another word for data mining

i.e extracting hidden insights from a data or identifying useful information. In PowerBI we have power
query editor by using it we can easily transform data and can find hidden insights.

https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/nextmillionaire/pizza-sales-dataset?resource=download (dataset
used) “ import pizzasales csv in powerbi from get data option and click on transform data.. right click on
dataset and select add query option”

-> You can perform various types of transformations such as:-

  Extracting out year from date section of a column to find out in which year the sale is high .
 Transforming dates into name of months.
 Transform column means updating existing column and add column means creating new
column form existing one.

You can also reverse the property using Applied Steps section:-

Using Text tools inside text column to Transform

or clean data
- For example if we have two columns named contactFirstname and
contactLastname we can easily combine them into single column using
text tool “merge column”.
-Another example is removing white spaces You can go to Format text
tool and select trim option.

-Another example is splitting a column data on the basic of spaces you

can use split column option and then select the splitting parameter.

-Another example is extracting charaters that are before @ symbol in

an email and adding them into a new column named password. You can
select the column and select add column and than select Extract option
and then select the criteria.

-Another example is setting first row as header.

Dealing with unwanted and Null values:-

->Searching for unwanted columns that have no use. Select the column
for example phone,address,postalcode column from customer table
right click and select remove option.
->Removing duplicate data you can check for duplicate value by
arranging column data in ascending order. Eg.. deleting duplicate
customerid.

->Removing Null values or Filling Null values. Remember “null” is

considered to be a null value you can transform “NULL” to ”null” by
Going to transform column and select Replace Values option. You can
also view percentage of data that is filled and empty.

->Replacing null values using fill option selecting fill down means null
value will be replaced by the next column value.

->You can also change the type of data in a column by clicking on small
arrow on the column and then selecting the type of data.

->Remember sometimes null values are important for example a sales

representative can report to someone but president doesn’t reports to
anyone another example is suppose if the order is not shipped then it
will show null in the ship date column so we can create new column
representing data not shipped.
->We can also use remove blank rows option in remove rows option.

->you can also remove data having error using Remove error option.

Numerical tools in PowerBI:-

Numeric tools are mostly used outside the power query editor.

For example selecting a column with numeric type of data and then
calculating average , sum , median , adding two columns etc…
Date and time Tools in PowerBI:-
If you own a business keeping track of date and time becomes essential
such as keeping track of order and on the basic of these date and time
we can easily figure out various insights that can help our business to
grow. For example by knowing the date we can calculate weeks or
months in which maximum orders are received.

->Extracting months using orderdate

->calculating number of shipping days

Adding Conditional Columns to Power BI:-
Let us consider a dataset containing various products having a column
named quantityInStock and we need to create two columns named
needmoreStock and notRequired.

->Go to add column and select conditional column.

->Another example is suppose you have given a column showing

shipping days than you can derive a conditional column showing if
shipping days are > 5 then show improvement required.

Merge and Append Queries in PowerBI:-

Merge:- use to merge data of one dataset with another.

->Consider an example in which we have one dataset named

orderdetails containg two columns (priceEach,sales) and another
dataset products containg column(buyprice) we can bring buyprice into
orderDetails dataset to calculate the profit. Both datasets must
containing a common attribute that can be used as foreign key. IN
above code suppose product code column is common in both dataset.

->Click on merge queries option and enter required conditions.

Append:- Adding extra data in existing dataset. It is used when we have
similar type of dataset having similar columns such as company sales
for various months. There is also another way i.e when you are opening
query editor instead of choosing transform data you can choose
combine option.
Changing column Formats in PowerBi:-
->Suppose we have a dataset containing column named creditLimit and
we need to convert that amount into currency.
->Another example is suppose we have given a column with date
format year-month-day and we need to convert it into day-month-year.
CREATE Table using PowerBi:-
->On the top click on Enter data option and then create your table.

PIVOTING AND UNPIVOTING DATA:-

There might be scenarios in which we have horizontal table instead of
vertical table . We cant perform transformation in horizontal table.
Hence if we have horizontal table we can convert it into vertical table.
Data Modelling:-
Whenever we are working on a data , whether it is sales data , business
data or any other data like inside sales data we have products data,
customer data , orders data ,payment data etc.. so inside one folder we
have many files. So to establish relationship between different tables
we use data modeling to create and manage these relationships such as
one to one , many to many etc… for example we have two tables one
storing products data and other orders data and we want to find out
sales on the basis of products.(Manage data relationship in power bi)

->Click on Model view

->Example of creating one to many relationship between orders and
customer tables.

->In most of the cases the powerbi automatically detects relationships

between different tables. But sometimes if not detected than you can
drag property of one table over another in order to create create
relationship as illustrated below:-
CARDINALITY AND CROSS-FILTER DIRECTION:-
Cardinality:- It means Relationship between two tables.

->One to One :- Primary key to Primary key relation.

->One to Many:- Primary key to Foreign key relation.

->Many to one:- Foreign key to primary key relation.

->Many to Many :- Foreign key to Foreign key relation.

If we want to derive employees data from customer
DATA ANALYSIS EXPRESSION:-
USED when we want to create new columns , new tables from existing
data. So to perform any calculations we use DAEx. It contains various
functions and operators which we can put inside formula bars to create
new columns. So in short DAEx are used to create calculated columns
and measures.

->Calculating complex formulas and measures.

->Creating Custom aggregations

->Dynamic grouping and Time Intelligence function.

->Custom Grouping

Steps to create calculated columns in DAX:-

For example if we have a column named quantity stock and we want to
create new column saying that stock required if it is less than a
particular value or not required.

->Go to home tab and click on new column.

Creation of measures in powerbi and its types:-

You can also convert the type of data such as changing currency type
UNDERSTANDING DAX FUNCTIONS:-

DAX FUNCTIONS:-
Example of Date and Time Function:-
->Suppose we want to know the year in which orders are placed from
orderDate.
Text Functions:-
LOGICAL FUNCTIONS:-
->Example we need to create column saying that if
credit limit is greater than particular amount then
only voucher will be granted.
Using chatgpt to create measures:-

OPERATORS
Visuals in PowerBI:-
->Click on Report view to create visuals.

->Right click on chart and click format option to customize chart.

Filtering options in PowerBI:-
->Example suppose we want to find out information about only first 5
products from all the products list we can use filter options.

Matrix in PoweBI:-
->Converting existing graph into matrix
->Creating you own new matrix
->You can also format matrix such as adding colors
etc.. from format tab.

->Creating subcategory of a category.

Using Slicers to filter Data:-
By using this feature you can filter data based on month , year etc…
Number cards and Text cards:-
Cards are used to display things such as product that is ordered highest
number of times.
KPI VISUALS:-
->Used to handle cases such as it you want to find out how much sale is
decreased or increased in comparison to previous years.
Visulization Maps in PowerBi:-

TREE MAP :-
ToolTip:-

->Consider the graph below:-

->Now what we want is , whenever we hover on 2003 then we should

get a chart showing different categories sales for that year.
->Go to the “tp1 page” in first image and add a chart.

->Again go to page1 and select the chart , click on properties , click on

tooltips and set page to tp1.
Adding Button:-

Adding bookmarks:-
A.I Visuals in Powerbi:-

Decomposition tree
Smart Narrative visuals

Q&A
Handling or Marking anonymous trends

Converting Desktop to Mobile Visuals

Publishing Reports