Measuring Instruments
Ch-6
Digital Storage Oscilloscope:
• The input signal is applied to the amplifier and
attenuator section.
• The oscilloscope uses same type of amplifier
and attenuator circuitry as used in the
conventional oscilloscopes.
• The attenuated signal is then applied to the
vertical amplifier.
• To digitize the analog signal, analog to digital
(A/D) converter is used.
• The output of the vertical amplifier is applied
to the A/D converter section.
• The successive approximation type of A/D
converter is most oftenly used in the digital
storage oscilloscopes.
• The sampling rate and memory size are
selected depending upon the duration & the
waveform to be recorded.
• Once the input signal is sampled, the A/D
converter digitizes it.
• The signal is then captured in the memory.
• Once it is stored in the memory, many
manipulations are possible as memory can be
readout without being erased.
• And coming to control logic it controls the
ADC(Analog to Digital converter) conversion
and deflection amplifiers.
• Both vertical and horizontal deflection
amplifiers are connected to a DAC(Digital to
Analog converter) which deflects the beam of
electrons and so the trace on the CRT screen.
Advantages
• DSO is very easy to use and also allows for
automation.
• we can store more than one input signal at a
time which we can’t do in ASO.
• DSO can display much better-quality images.
• DSO is comparably cheaper than ASO.
Applications of DSO
• DSO can be used in the visual representation
of radar targets.
• DSO can be used to measure AC and DC
voltages and currents.
• DSO can be used in telecommunications.
• DSO is used as a monitoring device
• In the nuclear field, scientists use DSO to
study environmental changes in absence of
terrestrial/cellular signals.
Functions of DSO
• DSO is an instrument used to display and
analyze electronic signals.It draws waveforms
or a graph of an instantaneous signal voltage
against time.
Measurement of Voltage, phase and
frequency
Voltage measurement
Frequency measurement
Function Generator
• Function Generator is basically a signal
generator that produces different types
of waveforms at the output.
• It has the ability to produce waveforms
such as sine wave, square wave, a
triangular wave, sawtooth wave etc.
• An adjustable frequency range is provided
by the function generator which is in the
range of 0.01 Hz to several 100KHz.
• A constant current is supplied to the
integrator by current supply source 1.
• Due to this, the voltage of the integrator
rises linearly with respect to time.
• This linear rise is according to the output
signal voltage equation:
• Any increase or decrease in the current
will resultantly increase or decrease the
slope of the voltage at the output and thus
controls the frequency.
• The Voltage Comparator Multi-vibrator
present here cause variation in the
state of the integrator output voltage at a
previously determined maximum level.
• Due to this change of state, the current
supply from source 1 cuts off and switches
to supply source 2.
• A reverse current is supplied to the
integrator by current source 2.
• This reverse current cause drops in the
output of integrator linearly with time. As
before this time also, when the output
attains a predetermined level, the
comparator again changes its state and
switches to current supply source 1.
• Thus we will have a triangular wave at the
output of the integrator whose frequency
depends on current by the supply sources
as we can see in the block diagram shown
above.
• A square wave signal is obtained at the
output of the comparator.
• The resistance diode network employed
in the circuit changes the slope of that
triangular wave with distortion less than
1%.
• The output amplifier thus helps to provide
two waves at the output simultaneously.
This captured signal can be displayed by
using an oscilloscope.
Applications Of Function
Generator
• Function generator provides a wide variety
of applications such as in RF-related
operations, automotive applications, in
educational, medical and industrial
fields etc
